上海闸北暑假补习班高三英语暑假辅导班.ppt

1、,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于 名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、 表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在 句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为: 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。,名词性从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,The problem is how we should use modern technology.,When man will be able to live on Mars is unknown to us all.,I

2、cant imagine where all these advanced technologies will lead us.,The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.,Predicative Clause,Subject Clause,Object Clause,Appositive Clause,1.When we will start is not clear. 2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.

3、 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 4.I had no idea that you were her friend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,辨别下列名词性从句的类别：,引导名词性从句的关联词,考点一、关联词 1.that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；不可省whether(是否),不用if,一、主语从句,That he stole a bike was true. That he is the best student in the class is obvious Whether we will succeed i

4、s still a question.,1.Who will win the match is still unknown. 2.What he wants to tell us is not clear. 3.What he is has nothing to do with you. 4.Whose ticket this is has not been found out.,1.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 2.When the test will be given is not ye

5、t decided. 3.How much we can spend must be agreed on.,2.连接代词（what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever 等）.和连接副词（ how, why, when, where however, wherever ）在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。,1）_ you dont like him is none of my business. （S 92) A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2)_ he said at t

6、he meeting astonished everybody present. ( 93) A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3)._she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesson. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that,考点二、 用形式主语 it 的主语从句常见结构,It is clear (necessary, important, possibl

7、e,remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等),It is a fact (a pity, a good thing, good news no wonder ) that 事实是 ( 可惜的是,好事是,好消息是),It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated,said, believed) that众所周知( 据报道,据记载,据说,据估计),It happens/matters) that 碰巧是),It has been found (has been proved,can be seen,must be

8、pointed out) that 已发现( 已证明,可看出,需指出),1.Its a pity that we cant go. 很遗憾我们不能去。 2.It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 3.It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。 4.It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。,1. _in the regulations that you should not t

9、ell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 2.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.（MET92） A. while B. that C if D for,注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：,It is necessary /import

10、ant/ natural /strange that Its suggested/ ordered/required that eg. It was ordered that all the soldiers _ to the front A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go eg. Dont you think it necessary that he _to Miami but to Mew York? -I agree, but the problem is _he has refused to A. wi

11、ll not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what,1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D. we should develop 2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got ever

12、ything ready B. we have got everything ready C. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _. A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them,二、宾语从句,考点1. 由连词that 引导: that

13、常可省略。,I told him (that) I would come back soon.,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下情况下不能省略： 当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时， 第二个that不能省； 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句.,He said that he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.,考点二、whether或if引导的宾语句,whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。 不定式连用

14、只用whether 。 其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether.,I dont care about whether you have money or not.,It all depends on whether they will come back. Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. The question is whether they have so much money. They dont know whether to go there,2.用if 或whe

15、ther 填空,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you. 7.They dont know t

16、o go there.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,whether,考点三、在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用 “should+ 动词原形”。但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。,I insist that she (should) do her work alone.,The co

17、mmander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.,The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.,考点四、宾语从句中的时态呼应,宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；,I know that he studies English every day.,I know that he studied English last term.,I know (that) he will stu

18、dy English next year. We all know that he has studied English since 1998.,如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；,We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.,The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America,当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。,The teacher told us

19、that the sun rises in the east. (1) The teacher said that the earth _round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go(2) Our father said that he _ a new computer next week. A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys(3) I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterday. A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone

20、,考点五、当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。,We dont believe that he will win the game.,I dont think he will do so.,(1)I dont think he is right,_?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I(2). He believes she is right, _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis she D

21、isnt she(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,_? Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I,考点六、语序问题,1.The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,2.You can hardly imagine _

22、when he heard the news . A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was how excited,3.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,考点七、it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。

23、例如：,Eg：We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson. A. so B. such C. it D. that,doubt问题,I doubt _he is telling the truth. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out . Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?,if / whether,that,that,宾语从句经常做介词的宾语,The Swede stood still, except _ his lips moved

24、 slightly. She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved. 3. He wrote a letter of thanks to _ helped him. (任何一个),that,what,whoever,三、 表语从句,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if, because 引导。其基本结构为： 主语 + 系动词 + that从句,1. The truth is he has never been to the countryside.,3. The question is we c

25、an finish the experiment by Friday.,4. He looks he were an artist.,实际情况是他从未去过农村.,问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验.,as if /as though从句常表示 不真实的情况,5. This school is no longer it was before.,这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了.,2. But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.,可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等,他看起来像一位艺术家

26、似的,但事实仍然是我们落在其他班级后面,that,that,whether,as if,what,表语从句不用if,what在从句中充当成分,下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法,This is . That was . This is this morning.,这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.,他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.,这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.,固定句型: This is where This is why This is how.,这就是的地方,这就是的原因,这就是的方法,注 意：,1. It is /was because . 2. The reason

27、(why/for)is /was that.,Its at that time . (因为我们需要钱)(need),The reason why he was late for school is .(他错过了早班车)(miss),where Lu Xun once lived,how they won the match,why she got up so early,because we were in need of money,注意,注意：主语是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表示“建议、请求、要求、决定等”意思的词时,表语从句中谓语动词

28、要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”。 如：His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting .,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which

29、D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when,练习,5. Why not try our luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. A. where B. what C. when D. why 6.The question is _ the film is worth seeing Aif Bwhat C whether DHow 7.The reason _ I have to go is_ my mother

30、 is ill in bed A. why ; why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that ; because,四、同位语从句 简单地说，同位语从句就是后面那句话是前面这个名词的具体的内容。 比如说： 我有个通知：明天放假。 ( I have a notice that tomorrow is free. ) 这句话中, tomorrow is free 就是 notice 的具体的内容。,同位语从句,同位语从句说明它们的内容,常见引导词: that , whether , how, wh- 疑问词,1.Two thirds of all girls

31、in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view.,Many British parents hold the view that

32、teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,4. How did I do it? / The question is hard to answer.,3. Where should they go to find some food./ They had no idea.,5. The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school. Chinese students should be given more free time.,They had no ide

33、a where they should go to find some food.,The question how I did it is hard to answer.,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,考点一、同位语从句的名词,同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名词后,说明其前面的名词的具体内容如 news, idea, fact, hope, promise, truth,

34、 belief, thought, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion order, question problem theory decision, discovery conclusion rumor,The news that our team has won the match is true. His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.,1.One of the men held the

35、view _ the book said was right A that what BWhat that Cthat Dwhether,注: 1. 同谓语从句多用that 引导,2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.,I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea when he did it. I have no idea what he did.,考点二、同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际

36、意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。,I had no idea that you were here. that引导同位语从句,不能省略,Have you got the the news （that） he told us at the meeting (that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）,考点三、分隔开的同位语从句,1) Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. ( s2002） A. that B. which C. of which D. what 2). Danby left word with my secretary _he would call again in the afternoon. A. who B. that C. as D. which,考点四：同位语从句在虚拟句的应用,表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓 语动词要用虚拟语气(should) + do。如: 如：They rec