选词填空的解题步骤和技巧.ppt

1、选词填空题的解题步骤和技巧,佘皖鄂,学习指导方法,一、保持良好的心情，不焦不燥，沉着冷静， 一个一个地解决。做到松、静、匀、乐。才开始的时候一定不能瞎蒙。,二、务必弄清楚每个备选词的词性和中文意思。,三、通读全文，掌握全文大意。把拿得准的，能确定的词选出来。拿不准的暂放下，能确定多少算多少。选定一个就在原词上划掉一个，可以暂不考虑时态和词形的变化。,四、再读一遍，初步选定词语。除去已经确定了的，剩下的就不多了。再逐一确定。,五、词形变化:,1、介词、连词一般没有变化。如：and because so after before when from in on at of for about ag

2、ainst among between unless or but except with without 等。 但也有特例，如介词with和without，like与unlike互相变化。 The thieves were so scared that they all ran away without their money. Jack climbed down the tree, picked up the money and the door and took them. (with),2、名词考虑单、复数和所有格；如：sport-sports a sports meeting man

3、-men woman-women a woman doctor women teachers womens shoes 名词、动词、形容词、副词互相转化。如：success-succeed-successful-successfully die-dead-death true-truth-truly 形容词、副词有比较级和最高级；并且，形容词的最高级前要加the。 一般地，形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词；形容词、副词可以互相修饰。,3、数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例如：three-third，2/3-two thirds，1-first，2-second，3-thi

4、rd，5-fifth， eight thousand/thousands of ；冠词只需要在 a或an之间判别，a用在辅音开头的名词前；an用在元音开头的名词前。如a girl， an old man， a useful book， an “M”等,4、代词，要注意区别使用代词相对应的主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词及这些代词相对应的单、复数。,us,you,her,him,them,it,you,me,my,our,your,your,its,his,her,mine,ours,yours,yours,hers,his,theirs,myself,itself,the

5、mselves,himself,herself,yourselves,yourself,ourselves, 主格作主语，一般放在最前面。, 宾格常常作宾语；（动）词+(宾)格；（介）词+（宾）格。, 形容词性物主代词后必须跟名词才完整；形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。,5、to后一般用动词原形，但是,preferto look forward to be/ get used to make a countribution to 这四个除外，要跟V.ing形式。,6、介+宾；介+V.ing。常见的介词 in on at of for about from by against afte

6、r before when with without as like but during under through besides across over 等。,7，动词语（时）态： （1）主动语态： A、一般现在时：,动词原形,动词三人称单数变化规律,be（am、is、are）,B、现在进行时：,be（am、is、are）+V.ing,C、一般过去时：,was 、were,V.+ed,动词特殊变化规律,D、过去进行时：,waswere+V.ing,E、现在完成时：,havehas+p.p.,F、过去完成时：,had+p.p.,G、过去将来时：,would+V.原,（2）被动语态,A、一般

7、现在时的被动语态：,be（am、is、are+p.p.,B、现在进行时的被动语态：,be（am、is、are）+being+p.p.,C、一般过去时的被动语态：,waswere +p.p.,D、过去进行时的被动语态：,Was/were+being+p.p.,E、现在完成时的被动语态：,havehas+been+p.p.,F、过去完成时的被动语态：,had+been+p.p.,G、过去将来时的被动语态：,would+be+p.p,H、含情态动词的被动语态：,情态动词+be+P.P.,（3）非谓语动词形式的变化, 动词不定式- to do. Would like to do sth. 在主动语态中

8、，要特别注意动词后省略to的情形。 如： make do sth. Would you please + （not）do sth. had better + （not）do sth., 现在分词-doing. 如：feel like doing sth. be busy doing sth., 过去分词-done.,有些动词后面既可跟V.ing形式，又可跟V.原。如果这个动作正在进行，则用V.ing形式；否则，用V.原。常见的有hear see watch feel notice find +V.ing,/ V.原,如：get sth + P.P. Students should not be

9、 allowed to get their ears pierced. have sth + P.P. You should have your hair cut,8、注意固定短语（词组或搭配），固定句型。见固定短语（词组或搭配）表。,9、注意发现、找准关键词，如enjoy doing sth cant help doing sth cant wait to do sth be worth doing sth,10、最好再检查一遍。 完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。,如：I

10、saw a car fall into the river yesterday. I notied someone coming to me at that time. 注意：I often watch Yao Ming play basketball.,处理方法,要做好选词填空,必须要在以下前提下： 1.熟悉选项、 2.通读全文、 3.把握结构与大意, 根据所提供的词汇及句子的1）结构、2）语法、3）语篇等信息,通过1）逻辑推理、2）对比等手段最后确定答案。,一.解题步骤,第一步:研读备选词,标注词性,初步理解词义 十个备选答案分为不同的词性,把选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类

11、别。,一.解题步骤,第二步:通读全文,凭借语感或固定搭配积极主动地推测空格中所缺失的信息,然后寻找匹配的答案。 将全文快速阅读一遍,对文章内容有一个粗略的了解。只有看完全文,内部的句子逻辑才能明了,空格的上下文意思才能大概掌握。 仔细研读文章开头的一、两句话，尽量从中捕捉更多的信息，为后面的阅读扫清障碍。,一.解题步骤,我们可以一边阅读一边确定空格处所需词的词性,快速地缩小可选范围。 对于那些较明显的答案,完全可以同步选出,如一些固定搭配。 这里的固定搭配,是指动词与名词之间的搭配,如:同样是“利用”,却有不同的搭配make use of, take advantage of.动词与介词的搭配

12、,如:look down upon。介词与形容词配,如:be familiar with等。,一.解题步骤,值得注意:用过的单词可以做个标记.由于每个单词只能用一次,下面的做题过程中进一步缩小选择范围。 在解题过程中,要做到瞻前顾后、左右平衡、贯通全篇。 大多数选项往往需要读完全篇才能知其答案,尤其是开篇的前几个空。,一.解题步骤,上下文线索: 1.语法线索 2.文章内容线索 很多的答案在上下文里都有线索,这种答案不一定非跟原文一样,有时是提示。从单纯的句子来考虑,我们会发现有些题有几个选项在语法上跟上下文都非常搭配,但从对文章内容的整体把握入手,就会发现其中的差别,这使得我们能迅速排除其它几

13、个,找到正确答案。,一.解题步骤,逻辑关系也是一条重要线索:空格所在的句子,常与上下文构成指代、列举、因果、比较、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系。可以根据全文大意,展开逻辑思维,分析这一空格处在句中的地位,前后的关系和它所起的作用,确定最佳答案。,一.解题步骤,跳过难题:如果有的难题一时做不出来,应立刻跳过此题,继续往下做。随着空格变得越来越少,对文章的理解也轻松,有时就能从下文的线索和暗示中找到答案,这样再回过头选答案就轻松了。,一.解题步骤,第三步:复读检验,消除疏漏。完成所有空格后,还要再次通读全文,从整篇文章入手,通篇考虑,看看这时的短文1)行文是否流畅,2）意义是否连贯,3）逻辑关

14、系是否合理。 总而言之,对篇章的整体把握,是做好选词填空的关键。,二.解题示范,用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯（每个单词限用一次）。 pick less which color true visit without toy because longer How to be a Green One What does it mean to be green? “Green” is more than just. a 61 It also means taking special steps to protect the environment land, and the

15、air we breathe. Why green? Plants are green, and 62 them the Earth wouldnt be such a lovely human beings. Heres a four-step guide to being green: Reduce It! When you use less of something, you dg for the Earth. For example, a shorter shower means you use 63 water and less fuel (燃料) 64 your house use

16、s fuel to run the water heater that warms up the water.,pick less which color true visit without toy because longer Reuse It! Sometimes were a little too willing to things and buy new things. Many times, if you no 65 need something, someone else just might need it. For example, if your baby brother

17、grows out of 66 , why not give them to another has a little kid? Recycle It! Recycling has never been easier. Many people will 67 it up right in front of your house and they will need it. Tell your mom or dad become “Head of Recycling” for your house. That means youll take the recyclable things in dustbins tell others 68 things can be recycled. Enjoy It! Its 69 that pollution is a problem remains a huge and beautiful place for you to go and study. You can start by 70 the naturally beautiful places in your hometown. Go for a hike, visit local nature centers and g