动词的时态.ppt

1、时态（tense）,英语时态分为16种：常见的有9种 一般现在、现在进行时、现在完成时 一般过去、过去进行时、过去完成时 一般将来、将来进行时、将来完成时,一、一般现在时,经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 基本结构：动词原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式） 时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,every week (day,year,month),once a week,on Sundays,一般现在时,否定形式：如果谓语是be动词（am,is,are),否定形式为am/is/are+not; 如果谓语不是be动词（行为动

2、词），否定形式则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。,1、一般情况下，动词后直接加s， 如：works,gets,reads等。 2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在后面加es， 如：goes,teaches,washes等。 3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加es， 如：study-studies,try-tries,carry-carries等。 4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has， 如：He has an interesting book . 5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是

3、第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is。,一般现在时动词第三人称单数的变化规则,He is a student.,He is not (isnt) a student.,They are good friends.,They are not (arent) good friends.,变否定句,I do my homework every day,I dont do my homework every day,We play soccer on Sunday.,We dont play soccer on Sunday.,My mother exercises ev

4、ery day.,My mother doesnt exercise every day.,She goes shopping on weekend.,She doesnt go shopping on weekend.,一般现在时,一般疑问句： 把be动词放于句首； 用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。,They are from England.（变疑问句）,Are they from England?,His mother is a nurse. （变疑问句）,Is his mother a nurse?,My favorite program is

5、 Animal World,Is your favorite program Animal World?,She sometimes does her homework at school.,Does she sometimes do her homework at school?,They sleep nine hours every night,Do they sleep nine hours every night?,Tom plays the guitar every day.,Does Tom play the guitar every day?,Smith speaks Engli

6、sh well.,Does Smith speak English well?,一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often,always,usually,sometimes,every day等时间状语连用。 如： The shop opens at nine every day. 这家商店每天九点开门。 It seldom snows here. 这儿很少下雪。,(1) 一般现在时表示经常性的动作或状态,一般现在时的用法,(2) 一般现在时表示客观存在或普遍真理 Light is faster than sound. 光速比声速快。 Food easily goes bad in ho

7、t weather. 天气热时食物容易坏。 (3) 一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态 The picture looks very beautiful. 这幅画看起来很美。 Air contains oxygen and nitrogen. 空气含有氧和氮。,一般现在时的用法,二、一般过去时,过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式 时间状语：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month),in 1989,just now,at the a

8、ge of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc,一般过去时,否定形式：如果谓语是be动词（was，were),否定形式为was/were+not; 如果谓语不是be动词（行为动词），否定形式则在其前加didnt， 同时还原行为动词。,He was a student last year.,He was not (wasnt) a student last year.,They are good friends long long ago.,They were not (werent) good friends long long ago,变

9、否定句,I did my homework yesterday,I didnt do my homework yesterday,We played soccer last Sunday.,We didnt play soccer last sunday.,My mother exercised just now.,My mother didnt exercise just now.,She went shopping the day before yesterday.,She didnt go shopping the day before yesterday.,一般过去时,一般疑问句： 把

10、be动词放于句首； 用助动词did提问，同时，还原行为动词。,His mother was a nurse last year,Was his mother a nurse last year?,My favorite program was Animal World,Was your favorite program Animal World?,She did her homework last night.,Did she do her homework last night?,They sleeped nine hours last night,Did they sleep nine h

11、ours last night?,Tom played the guitar yesterday.,Did Tom play the guitar yesterday?,Smith speaked English well when he was young.,Did Smith speak English well when he was young?,Tom and Mary came to China last month,Tom and Mary didnt come to China last month,Did Tom and Mary come to China last mon

12、th?,变否定句,变一般疑问句,一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often,always,usually,sometimes,every day等时间状语连用。 如： The shop opened at nine yesterday. 这家商店昨天九点开门。,一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态,动词过去式变化规则,规则动词的过去式变化如下： 1、一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： work -worked play-played want-wanted act-acted 2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： live-lived move-moved taste-t

13、asted hope-hoped 3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： study-studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop -stopped,go went， make made ，get got ，buy - bought ，come came， fly-flew beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringrang，singsang，sitsat，swimswam ， drivedrove，rider

14、ode，writewrote drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew getgot，forgetforgot ，feedfed，meetmet ，keepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept ，breakbroke，speakspoke ，sellsold，telltold，standstood，understandunderstood ，bringbrought，buy bought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught ，cancould，shallshould，willwould ，comecame，

15、becomebecame ，hearheard， saysaid，meanmeant ，letlet，mustmust，putput，readread ，am，iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，have has had，holdheld，leaveleft，makemade，maymight，runran，seesaw，taketook,不规则动词须多加记忆。,三、现在进行时,表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为 时间状语：now, at this time 基本结

16、构：be（am, is, are)+doing（动词的ing形式） 如：He is swimming (他正在游泳）,三、现在进行时,否定形式：be+not+doing 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。,I am looking after my mother.,I am not looking after my mother.,He is watching TV,He is not (isnt) watching TV,He is playing soccer.,He is not (isnt) playing soccer.,变成否定句,He is writing on the desk,

17、Is he writing on the desk?,They are talking about their visiting the Great Wall,Are they talking about their visiting the Great Wall?,变成疑问句,They are drawing a picture,Are they drawing a picture?,英语动词加-ing，通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成：coughcoughing，climbclimbing，standstanding，fightfighting （1）如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e

18、结尾，一般应去掉e再加ing： writewriting，hopehoping，carecaring，starestaring，planeplaning，havehaving，savesaving， produceproducing， breathebreathing （2）以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉，将i变成y然后再加-ing： diedying，tietying，vievying，lielying （3）如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节，最后一个字母需要重复： runrunning， stopstopping， hophopping， planplanning，starstarring， controlcontrolling,1）表示感觉或感情的词，如：hear, see, smell, taste, feel, seem, notice, hate, love, like, want, wish, refu