Unit10 The World House.谈晓雨

1、.,Unit10 The World House,.,Members of our group,周雯 谢心如 蔡瑞瑞 王静 谈晓雨,.,The main content of the class:,Rhetorical Devices-which means some ways of writing to make sentences be beautiful. The positions of adv.,.,Antithesis（对偶） Definition:Replace one sentence or a part of one sentence against another with

2、 an opposed meaning. Its similar to contrast. But it focuses on the parallel structure.Its features are tidy. Its contrasting senses are apparent. Function: To strengthen the tune, increase humor and satire.Its often used in the speech to attracte readers attention.,.,Examples:1.There is honour amon

3、g thieves, but nnoe among gamblers, 2.The lakeside green wtih willow leaves.、 3.人固有一死，或轻于鸿毛，或重于泰山 4.雨中竹叶含珠泪，雪里梅花载素冠。 Exercises: 4.The purpose of doublespeak is not to lead but to mislead;it is not to express,but to impress. 9.Ask not what your country can do for you.Ask what you can do for your coun

4、try.,.,Alliteration（头韵） Definition:The word “alliteration” derives from Latin, meaning “repeating and playing upon the same letter”. It is the repetition of initial consonant in two or more words. Function:Alliteration used to hance rhythm sensation of a sentence.It can stimulate the sound of many t

5、hings to make the text more vivid and more impressive.,.,Examples: 1.Pride and Prejudice（ 傲慢与偏见 ） 2.Sense and Sensibility（ 理智与情感 ） 3.Feather，feet or fin 海陆空 4.Super Bowl can turn zero to hero. Exercises: 1.The man who makes no mistakes does not usually make anything.,.,Rhyme(尾韵） Definition: Rhyme is

6、 correspondence of sound between words or the endings of the words，especially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry. Function:Make the sentences tidily and readability.,.,Examples: 1.Black is the father of all colors;white is the mother of all colors. 2.In spite of all the learned have

7、said, I still my old opinion keep,the posture, That we give the dead, Point out the souls eternal sleep. Exercises: 4.The purpose of doublespeak is not to lead but to mislead;it is not to express,but to impress. 10.Stability is not immobility. 12.We are all like,on the inside.,.,Pun(双关) Definition：T

8、o pun is to play on words, or rather to play with the form and meaning of words, for a witty or humorous effect. Function：To use one sentence or one word to express two meanings.,.,Examples: There are many words in the English language which look or sound alike, but have different senses, or connota

9、tions: E.g. . Arms (parts of the body) (weapons) There are also words which have more than one basic meaning, or have developed figurative(比喻的) meanings: E.g. Power (authority, force) (energy, as in electric power),.,Parallelism (平行) Definition：Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related

10、words, phrases, or clauses. Also called parallel structure. Function：Make the expression effective and forceful,clear and logical,rhythmical and emotional.,.,Examples: 1.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy ti

11、ll all are happy. 2.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately. Exercise

12、s: 2.The best thing are nearest:breath in your nosstrils,light in your eyes,flowers at your feet,duties at your hand,the path of God just before you. 3.The older I grow,the more I listen to people who dont say much. 11.The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference

13、 between lightning and a lightning bug.,.,Repetition(重复） Classification: 紧接反复（Immediate Repetition） 间隔反复（Intermittent Repetition） a) Anaphora (首语反复) b) Epiphara（尾语反复） c) Epidiplosis（首位反复） d) Anadiplosis （尾首反复） e) Antistrophe, Regression, Chiasmus（交错反复）,.,Immediate Repetition 紧接反复，即相同的单词、短语或句子紧接着出现，中

14、间不被其他的词语或句子隔开。 “Stop it, stop it, stop it”， the woman cried. “Would you please please please please please please please stop talking”. “那就请你，请你，求你，求你，求求你，求求你，千万求求你，不要再讲了，好吗？” To weep for the dead, the dead, the dead. 哭泣那些死去的，死去的，死去的,.,Intermittent Repetition 间隔反复，即相同的单词，短语或句子反复出现，但在中间插入了其他短语或句子。相同的

15、语句反复照应，再三阐述，使文章内容步步深入，给人的感染逐步加深。这种反复常常出现于Parallelism句式之中，形成辞格重叠，但是它仍被视为Repetition. eg.There she stretched, growing warmer and warmer, sleepier and sleepier. 她伸了个懒腰，觉得越来越暖和，越来越想睡。 eg. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hards

16、hip, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. 让每一个关心我们或对我们怀有第一的国家知道，我们愿付出任何代价，承受任何负担，迎接任何困难，支持任何朋友，反抗任何敌人，以争取和维护自由。,.,Anaphora (首语反复) 同一单词或短语出现在连续数句的开头，这是反复辞格中最常见的一种形式。 Early sow, early mow. 早种早收 Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得快。 Many men, many minds. 十个人，十条心。

17、 Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌,.,Epiphara（尾语反复） 尾语反复即在数句的结尾反复使用一个单词或短语。一般来说，句尾是意义重心的所在，是新信息的所在。这种语序结构叫做句尾重心（end weight）。 ernment of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. 一个民有、民治、民享的政府将永存大地。 If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong. 如果奴隶制度不是错的，那么就没有东西是错的。,.,Ep

18、idiplosis（首尾反复） 首尾反复即在一个句子的开头和末尾使用一个词或短语，形成首尾呼应。 Money is often lost for want of money. 财富往往由于追求财富而丧失。 Diamond cut diamond. 棋逢对手， 将遇良才 Blood must atone for blood. 血债血偿,.,Anadiplosis （尾首反复） 尾首反复即用句子中上一部分的结尾词来作为下一部分的开始，或者在连续两个句子里，后一句句首重复上一句句尾的一个词，使前后两部分首尾蝉联。这种形式玉汉语辞格“顶真”或“联珠”极为相似，重在突出前后两部分的连环关系。 How h

19、as expectation darkened into anxiety-anxiety into dread-and dread into despair! 期望如何变为忧虑忧虑变为恐惧恐惧又变为绝望。 He gave his life; life was all he could give. 他献出了生命；生命是他所能献出的一切。,.,Antistrophe, Regression, Chiasmus（交错反复） 交错反复即按颠倒的次序重复一个词或短语。 Eat to live, and not live to eat. 为了活着而吃饭，不要为了吃饭而活着。 When the going

20、gets tough, the tough gets going. 情况吃紧时，硬汉就吃香。,.,Irony(反讽) Definition：Irony is the expression of actual intent in words that carry the opposite meaning. Types of irony verbal irony(言语反讽） circumstantial irony(间接讽刺） dramatical irony（戏剧性讽刺）,.,verbal irony(言语反讽) eg.This hard-working boy seldom reads mor

21、e than an hour per week. circumstantial irony(间接讽刺） eg.If a man and his second wife on the first night of their honey-moon are accidentally seated at the theatre next to yhe mans first wife,wo should call the situation ironical. dramatical irony（戏剧性讽刺） In this type of irony,the audience is aware of

22、something which a character on the stage is still ignorant of.,.,Hyperbole(夸张） Definition:A way of describing something in order to make it sound bigger,smaller,better,worse etc than it really is. Types of hyperbole ： 1.夸大夸张 2.缩小夸张 3.超前夸张 Examples: 1.a sea of troubles, mountains of rubbish 2.She wep

23、t oceans of tears. 3.There is a sea of faces in the park.,.,Oxymoran(矛盾修饰法) Definition：oxymoran is a paradox reduced to two words,usually in an adjective-noun or adverb-adjective relationship,and is used for effect,complexity,emphasis,or wit.,.,The biggest littlelist of oxymoran 1 absolutely unsure

24、3 big detail 2 awfully nice 4 bitter sweet 5 dynamic stability 7 enormously small 6 defensive strike 8 extremely neutral 9 consistent uncertainties 11 fictional reality 10 cold sweat 12 friendly argument,.,The positions of adv.,Adverbs have three positions in a sentence: front, middle and end.,.,A.a

25、dv of time or place,Adverbs expressing time or place are placed at the end of the sentence. Adverbs of place are in the front and adverbs of time are at the end. If emphasized,they could be placed in the front of the sentence. eg. he lived abroad for many years. Will you be free tomorrow?,.,B.adv. o

26、f manner,Adverbs of manner modifying verb come after verbs generally,sometimes before verbs. slowly carelessly hurriedly alone well closely politely happily fast highly suprisingly eg. we must learn to speak English fluently and correctly. They warmly welcomed me at their office.,.,NOTICE: When adve

27、rbs of manner ,place, time and others are used together, adverbs of manner are in the front, adverbs of place are in the middle,adverbs of time are at the end. eg. The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. adv. of manner adv. of place adv. of time The children played happily in the park last su

28、nday. adv. of manner adv. of place adv. of time,.,C.adv. of frequency,Adverbs of frequency are usually placed before the main verb but after auxiliary verbs(助动词), modal verbs(情态动词) and copulas(系动词). always often usually sometimes seldom ever never hardly eg. He somtimes goes there on business He has never been late. she is al