中考英语语法时态串讲课件.ppt

1、中考英语语法,时态,教 学 目 标,第 一 部 分,英语时态和汉语时间表示的区别,什 么 是 时 态 ?,汉 语 有 没 有 时 态 ?,汉语中的时间表达方式-加入时间词,英语中的时间表达方式-时态,时态的含义-时间表示法,一:时，即每种时态对应一个时间段，学习时态一定要先弄明白每种时态所在生活中对应的时间。这是理解的问题 二:态，即每种时态都有自己独特的表达方式。这点和汉语存在巨大的差别。汉语中表达时间只需要在时间词上做变化就达到目的了，而英语除了时间词上做变化，谓语动词也要有相应的变化。,汉语和英语对于时间不同的划分方法,一般现在时,现在进行时,过去完成时,一般将来时,一般过去时,过去进行

2、时,过去将来时,将来,现在,过去,现在完成时,汉语和英语对于时间描述的基本区别,第 二 部 分,练习找到每种时态在生活中的代表的时间含义,我平时在7点起床,今天我打算在8点起床,我正在起床,昨天我7点起床的,昨天7点我正在起床,昨天我打算在8点起床,昨天7点我已经起床了,今天7点我已经起床了,过去时,1. I get up at 7:00. 2. I will get up at 8. I am going to get up at 8. 3. I am getting up now 4. I have gotten up till 7:00. 5. I got up at 7 last mo

3、rning 6. I was getting up at 7 last morning 7. I would get up at 8 last morning . I was going to get up at 8. 8. I had gotten up till 8 last morning,这座山终年云雾缭绕,这座山昨天云雾缭绕,我明天想游览这座山,我正在爬山,我昨天下午正在爬山,我今天已经爬过这座山了,我昨天想游览这山,我昨天下午已经爬过这座山了,第 三 部 分,八种时态的讲解,现在,过去,一 般 现 在 时,1:一般现在时,一般现在时 的两层含义,经常发生的动作或存在的状态,I go

4、 to school by bike 我骑车上学,It is very hot. 天很热,客观事实或普遍真理,A:,B:,The sun rises in the east.太阳从东升起,易错点: 上下文用过去时, 表示客观真理仍然要用一般现在时,He said that the earth is round. 他说地球是圆的,(时),He said “ I will kill you.” He said that he would kill him. He said “ the earth is round.” He said that the earth is round,Be 动词类(状

5、态),行为动词类(动作),I am He/she/it(单)+is You/they/we(复)+are,主(复)+v(原),They like game.,主(单)+Vs,He likes game.,(态),前提:一般现在时,be前置于句首.?,He is a student.,Is he a student?,Do+主+v原.?(复),They like game.,Do they like game?,Does+主+v原.?(单),He likes game.,Does he like game?,前提:一般现在时,主+be not+.,He is a student.,He is n

6、ot a student.,主+do not+v原.(复),They like game.,They do not like game,主+doesnt+v原.(单),He likes game.,He does not like game,特殊用法:,在状语从句中,如果主句和从句都表示将来的时间含义, 那么从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时.,I will go if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天好天我就去 We shall be away when he arrives. 他一来我们就离开 I wont go out unless you agree. 我不会出去除非你同

7、意,If it is rainy tomorrow, I will sleep/ fall asleep at home When she gets home, I will finish dinner. As soon as you come, I will go. Her mother will look after her if she is ill,练习(用一般现在时完成句子),Your shoes (be ) under the bed. I (be) very well, thank you. We (have) many books. She (have) a book in h

8、er hand. I (live) in Kai Feng. He (watch) TV every evening. She never (get) up late. He (not care) what you do.,请将3,6,8句改成疑问句和否定句,现 在 进 行 时,现在进行时(时),表示现在正在发生的动作,强调眼前这一点.,Im writing a letter.我正在写信 They are learning English.他们正在学英语 Is it raining now?现在下雨了吗?,和come,go leave,start,arrive等词连用, 表示即将发生的动作.,

9、Im seeing him tomorrow.我准备明天看他 What are you doing next week?你下周打算干什么?,现在进行时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,练习1(用括号内词组回答问题),What are you doing now ? (read a book) (walk through the park) (open a bottle) (drink tea) (have lunch) (look at some pictures),将上面1和7两个句子改为否定句和疑问句,一 般 将 来 时,一般将来时(时):,表示以现在为起点,将要发生的事情.,He will

10、 go swimming tomorrow.他准备明天游泳 He is going to go swimming tomorrow. They will go swimming tomorrow他们准备明天游泳 They are going to go swimming tomorrow.,(态),1,2,A:,B:,1,2,一般将来时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,一般将来时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,还有没有不是将来时,但能表示将来的含义的时态呢?,一般将来时,主+will + V原,主+be going to + V原,一般现在时,主句将来时,从句用 一般现在时表示将来,现在进行时,

11、瞬间动词做谓语, 表示将来含义,练习:将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句,You will be late. We will stay with them. He is going to learn English. They will fly to London tomorrow.,一 般 过 去 时,一般过去时(时):,表示过去某段时间发生的动作,反复发生的动作或存在的状态.,He went swimming yesterday.他昨天去游泳了 They liked going swimming 他们以前喜欢游泳 He was a teacher.他以前是老师 They were teacher

12、s.他们以前是老师,Be 动词类(状态),行为动词类(动作),I +was He/she/it(单)+was You/they/we(复)+were,主+V过去式,They liked game.,(态),They came here.,前提:一般过去时,be前置于句首.?,He was a student.,Was he a student?,Did+主+v原.?,They liked game.,Did they like game?,He liked game.,Did he like game?,前提:一般现在时,主+be not+.,He was a student.,He was

13、not a student.,主+did not+v原.,They liked game.,They did not like game,He liked game.,He did not like game,一般现在时,PK,一般过去时,时间状语的变化,在.之前,练习:ago与before,例:I entered middle school (大约五年前). I entered middle school about 5 years ago.,They came here(暑假前) and I met them(三天前) It was very cold(春节前) He lived in K

14、ai Feng (2002年以前) She decided to do it (3分钟以前),现 在 完 成 时,现在完成时(时),最难的地方是和一般过去时的时间上的区别.,现在完成时是以过去为时间起点, 但是说话人着眼于现在的结果, 而不管过去是什么时候发生的.,正在射击,He is shooting. 他正在射击,刚才射击,He shot . 他刚才射击,刚才射击, 一直射击到 现在(完成时),He has shot till now. 他到现在一直在射击,现在完成时(从过去开始,现在已完成或未完成),He did his homework just now 他刚才做作业,He did h

15、is homework just now (他刚才做作业) he has done till now. (一直到现在仍然在做). he has done over 3 hours(他一直写了三个小时),现在完成时,You are a student now你现在是个学生,You have been a student since 1996你从1996年就是学生. You have been a student for 9 years你作为一个学生已经九年了.,现在完成时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,现在完成时易错点,come, go, leave, arrive, join, die, ma

16、rry 等动词 所表示的动作是一时的, 故不能和since for 等表示一段时间的状语连用,典型错误,正确句子,经常用的几个转换,He died 3 years ago. He has been dead for 3 years. He went to HZC 3 days ago he has been in HZC for 3 days. He married 3 days ago. he has been married for 3 days. The student bought the book two days ago.(完成) The student _ _ the book

17、_ two days ago.,现在完成时(特殊用法,注意区别),Have gone to sp 已经去某地 He has gone to zz 他已经去郑州了.,Have been to sp 曾去过某地 He has been to zz 他曾去过郑州,since 、for的区别,过 去 进 行 时,过去进行时(时),表示过去正在发生的动作,强调过去这一点. 有表示过去的时间提示(或上下文/或有时间词),I was writing a letter that time.我那时正在写信 They were learning English last night. 他们正在学英语 was it

18、 raining at that time?那时正在下雨了吗?,过去进行时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,现在进行时,PK,过去进行时,过 去 将 来 时,过去将来时(时):,表示以过去某一时间点为起点, 将要发生的事情.,That day he said he would go to school. 那天他说他准备去上学 They told me that they would go to school. 他们告诉我他们准备去上学 They told me that they were going to go to school. 他们告诉我他们准备去上学,一般将来时,PK,过去将来时,(态

19、),1,2,A:,B:,1,2,过去将来时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,过去将来时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,过 去 完 成 时,过去完成时(时),到过去某一时间点已经完成的动作或状态, 并且可能继续延续下去.,其实就是把现在完成时放在过去来看,到昨天下午3点我的作业已经写完了 I had finished my homework till the last day 3:oo P.M.,过去完成时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,时态的记忆规则,It _(rain) when I _(wake up) last Saturday. It always _(rain) when I am not working. We_ (plan) to go to the seaside, but in the end we_ (decide) to go to the theatre instead. We _(miss) the bus ,and _(arrive) late. we _(arrange) to meet John outside the theatre and he_ (wait) for 20 minutes when we_ (get) there. The play_ (already star