高考英语北京试题及(解析版)

1、2012 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英英 语语（北京卷） 本试卷共 16 页，共150 分，考试时长120 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试 卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，第一部分：听力理解（共三节，3030 分）分） 第一节（共第一节（共 5 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.51.5 分，共分，共 7.57.5 分）分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个 选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话或独白你将听一遍。

2、例：What is the man going to read? A. A newspaper B. A magazine C. A book 答案是 A。 1.Who answered the phone？ A. MikeB. HenryC. Tom 2.Whats the womans favourite food? A. Italian.B. Chinese.C. Indian 3.When does the first flight arrive in Detroit? A. 5:18am.B.6:10amC.8:50am 4.What is the woman looking for

3、? A. ZooB. TelephoneC. Tennis court 5.What will the weather be like at the weekend? A. Cloudy.B. Snowy.C. Sunny 第二节（共第二节（共 1010 小题，每小题小题，每小题 1.51.5 分，共分，共 1515 分分） 听下面 4 段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个 选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后， 每小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 7 题。

4、 6.Where are the two speakers? A. In the hotelB In a shopC. In a restaurant 7.How much did the man pay in the end? A. $115.B. $130C. $140 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。 8.What did the man do last weekend? A. Watched TV.B. Stayed at home.C. Visited a friend 9.What will the woman probably do this weekend? A. P

5、lay tennis.B. Do some shoppingC. Go to a dance 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. Where are the new houses? A. On the main road.B. Close to a bus station.C. Near the sports center. 11. What does the woman like most about the new houses? A. The garden.B. The space.C. The quietness 12. How does the man feel

6、about the womans suggestion? A. Delighted.B. Disappointed.C. Uninterested. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 15 题。 13. What cant the students do without a teacher? A. Hold parties. B. Complete the Safety Sheet. C. Use any emergency equipment. 14. Why are the students asked to tie back their loose hour in the lab? A

7、. It may catch fire B. It may cover their eyes. C. It may pass chemicals to their faces. 15. What is the speech mainly about? A. Laboratory regulations. B. Safety instructions. C. After-class activities. 第三节（共第三节（共 5 5 小题：每小题小题：每小题 1.51.5 分，共分，共 7.57.5 分）分） 听下面的一段对话，完成第 16 至 20 五道小题，每小题近填写一个词，听对话前，你

8、 将有 20 秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60 秒钟的作答时间，这段对话你将听两遍。 Telephone Cancellation Request Form Account Name Telephone No. Home Phone Plan Reason for Cancellation Cancellation Date Required Edward16 17 Nonrefundable(不退款) 18 pre-paid plan 19house 209, by 5:00 pm 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，第二部分：知识运用（共两节，4545 分）分） 第一节第一节 单项填空（共单项

9、填空（共 1515 小题：每小题小题：每小题 1 1 分，共分，共 1515 分）分） 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。 例：Its so nice to hear from her again _, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. Whats moreB. Thats to say C. In other wordsD. Believe it or not 答案是 D。 21. Look at those clouds! Dont worry. _ it rains,wel

10、l still have a great time. A. Even ifB.As thoughC. In caseD. If only 22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold. A. getsB. has gotC. will getD.is getting 23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. correctsB. correctC.to correctD. correcting 24. Jerry did not regre

11、t giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. A. whyB. howC. thatD. whether 25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _. A. wouldntB. didntC. hasntD. hadnt 26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was ，he would forget all about eating o

12、r sleeping. A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when 27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. UseB. UsingC. UsedD. To use 28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _. A. someB. lessC. muchD. more 29. Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunatel

13、y no one _. A. hurtB. was hurtC. has hurtD. had been hurt 30. Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed. A. had developedB. was developing C. would developD. developed 31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please. A. KnockB. KnockingC. KnockedD. To knock 33. We _ the difficulty tog

14、ether, but why didnt you tell me? A. should faceB. might face C. could have facedD. must have faced 34. Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders? A. atB. onC. toD. across 35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel. A. isB. wereC. has beenD. had been 答案及解析答案及解析 21A考从属连词，解题方法，看前后逻辑关

15、系选择词义符合的从属连词。 A 是即使， B 是好象，C 是以妨，D 是如果。 。就 22.C考时态，时间状语从句中的主将从现 23.Dand 连接并列成分，所以选择和making 形式一样的 correcting. 24.C考名词从句，名词从句结构完整不缺少含义，that 不做成份没意义，A 和 B 即 做成份也有含义，D 有含义不做成份 25. B考时态，他没有来这个动作发生在过去，跟现在无关，用一般过去时态 26. B考定语从句，非限定性定语从句 27. C考非谓语，第一步先看是主动还是被动判断出被动就可直接选C 28. D考代词， 29. B考时态，被动，发生在过去 30. D考时态，

16、动作发生在过去所以一般过去时 31. A考动词，本句是祈使句，所以选能充分谓语的动词原形，其他三个均为非谓语 32. A考非谓语，目的还未发生，选不定式 33. C考情态动词对过去的推测用法， 采用基本翻译译法， “我们本来能一起面对困难。 ” 34. D考介词，这道题是旧题了 35. B考虚拟,as if 后面与真实相反，对现在虚拟所以退回到过去时态 第二节第二节 完形填空（共完形填空（共 2020 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.51.5 分，共分，共 3030 分）分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Inspir

17、ationInspiration “Mama, when I grow up, I m going to be one of th ose!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my _36_ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was _37_ to more,

18、my interests in the world of dance _38_ varied but that little girls dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a _40_; I became a member of the company _41_ back to 1925. As I look back on that

19、day now, it surely _42_ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief _43_ I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day. I never actually _44_ to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely _45_. I remember shaking with excitement. Though I wa

20、s absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of _46_. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to _47_ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme _48_ to detail ( 细节) and stress on practice th

21、at set us _49_. To then follow those high-energy rehearsals _50_ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new _51_ of the words “hard work.” What I thought were my physical _52_ were pushed much further than I thought _53_. I learned to make each performance better than

22、the last. Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great _54_ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a _55_ that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people ever

23、y day to follow their dreams. 36. A. hobbyB. planC. dreamD. word 37. A connectedB. expandedC. exposedD. extended 38. A. rarelyB. certainlyC. probablyD. consistently 39. A. directorB. trainerC. leaderD. dancer 40. A. symbolB. memoryC. truthD. reality 41. A. bouncingB. datingC. turningD. tracking 42.

24、A. lacksB. addsC. makesD. brings 43. A. whileB. sinceC. untilD. when 44. A. CaredB. ExpectedC. AskedD. Decided 45. A. motivatedB. relaxedC. convincedD. astonished 46. A. challengesB. profitsC. advantagesD. adventures 47. A. putB. mix C. buildD. pick 48. A. AttentionB. associationC. attractionD. adap

25、tation 49. A. apartB. asideC. offD. back 50. A. overB. byC. withD. beyond 51. A. functionB. meaningC. expressionD. usage 52. A. boundariesB. problems C. barriersD. efforts 53. A. necessaryB. perfectC. properD. possible 54. A. talentB. honorC. potentialD. responsibility 55. A. victoryB. trendC. tradi

26、tionD. desire 答案及解析答案及解析 36. C 名词辨析。根据名词根据上下文提示原则，通过 but that little girls dream of someday 中的 dream 可知 本题应该选择 dream 一词. 37. C 动词辨析。A 中的 connected 通常不与 to 搭配，后一般接with 表示与某人联系， B 中的 expand 为扩张 后一般接 into 表示扩大为 D 中的 extended 为扩大 扩展。 而这里 主要讲的是伴随着成长作者对其梦想接触的就越多be exposed to 表示的是与相接处 遭受感染。 38. B 副词辨析。根据前后

27、文的关系可知，作者对于舞蹈接触多了，理所当然对于舞蹈 世界产生的兴趣也会增多，变得丰富多彩起来。前后一种承接的必然关系A 很少的罕见的， 转折 C 可能不表示必然的结果Dconsistently始终如一地 一致的 表并列 而非承接。 39. D 名词辨析。全文都在讲dance 的问题自然作者想成为的是一名dancer。 40. D 名词辨析。考察词组固定搭配 make dream reality 让梦想变为现实。而且上下文 找同义词通过 any sense of reality 可知选择 reality。 41. B 动词辨析。 date back to表示追溯到追溯回 A bounce 表示

28、反弹， C turn back to 表示 翻回到，重新提到 Dtrack 本身即表追溯 不许加 back to 42. A 动词辨析。作者站在现在的角度回顾过去自然会觉得当初的想法缺乏现实的感， 毕竟作为孩子都爱做梦的而且通过介词of 可知与 lack 搭配 lack of 表示缺少缺乏。 43. C 连词辨析。该句考查直到.才得用法。其前后文的意思是相反的。 44. B 动词辨析。由于前文中作者在排练中直到了自己的不足。所以不认为自己能得到 这一工作 be expected to 表示期待 期望。A cared 表示关心 在乎 C 询问 要求 D 决定 45. D 形容词辨析。作者前文中不

29、认为自己能得到这一工作 。当她得到这份工作时肯 定会感到惊讶 D astonished 表示的是惊讶 46. A 名词辨析。Though 前后表转折。前半句是尽管我为这一改变而激动不已，后半 句转折肯定不是正向词了 因此 BC 作为正向词排除 而 D 表示的是探险冒险， 用在这里词意 过大。而 A challenge 挑战。作者既然得到了这一工作，而由于自己存在不足。自然会面临 挑战。 47. D 词组辨析。Put up 举起张贴，mix up 搅合，build up 增进，pick up 挑出，拣出， 在这里是指快速的挑出一些重要动作。 48. A 名词辨析。 通过后面的 and 可知前后是

30、并列。 Stress on 表示着重在， 而 attention to 表示把注意力集中于。两者意思等价股为A 49. A 介词辨析。Set apart 表示区别使分离。Set aside 留出，驳回，撤销。Set off 出发， 动身。Set back 推迟，受到重创。这里是指将我们区分开来用A 50. C 介词辨析。在这里with 表示伴随。表示强压的排练，这一排练是版对着繁忙的演 出日程表的。 51. B 名词辨析。 我发现了“努力工作”的一个新的意义。 Afunction 表示作用 Cexpression 表示表达 而 usage 表示作用用途。这里只是作者在训练过程中懂得了其一个新的

31、意义。后 文并对其进行了解释。 52. A 名词辨析。作者的体力极限远远超过了作者认为的可能的极限。在这里作为界限 讲的只能是 A boundary， 而 B 指问题，C 指障碍，D 指努力都不符合 53. D 形容词辨析。解析参照52 54. B 名词解析。在这里作者回顾在公司里难以置信的经历时。觉得因为成为其中的一 份子而感到光荣。 Be honor of 表示感到光荣， A talent 表示天赋，C potential 表示潜力， D responsibility 表示责任。 55. C 名词辨析 victory 表示胜利，trend 表示趋势，tradition 表示惯例，desir

32、e 表示欲 望心愿。作者看到的是一个传统， 一个惯例对其小女孩及一个公司的影响， 也就是坚持自己 的梦想。 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，4040 分）分） 第一节（共第一节（共 1515 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，共分，共 3030 分）分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 A A The Basics of MathThe Basics of MathMade ClearMade Clear Basic Math introduces students to the basic conc

33、epts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra( 代数) and beyond. The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look in

34、to exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practic

35、ally. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frig

36、htening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazingand completely understandablefield of study. By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性)

37、of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educ ational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted

38、 teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary. With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State Univ

39、ersity, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers. If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or y

40、ou can get your money back. 56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? A. Algebra.B. College Mathematics. C. Arithmetic.D. Mathematics Education. 57. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math? A. Stronger imaginative ability. B. Additional presentation skills. C. More mathematical con

41、fidence. D. Greater chances of becoming teachers. 58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel? A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television. B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math. C. He works in Georgia State University. D. He specializes in training teachers. 59. Where i

42、s the passage most likely to have been taken from? A. A news report.B. A book review C. A lesson plan.D. An advertisement 答案及解析答案及解析 56. C细节题，文中第二段 The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. 57. C细节题，第四段 By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their unders

43、tanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery (神秘性 ) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. 58. B细节综合题 根据第五六段，可排除ACD 项。 59. D最后一段可推出 If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other

44、 course that we offer. Or you can get your money back. B B Peanuts to ThisPeanuts to This Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I

45、slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way?” Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information

46、about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invente

47、d hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for agolden piece of advice; flip (掷) a coin. Headsthe commander, and tailsthe peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about

48、the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver. Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report

49、 is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! Howcould I know that she meant that George Washington? Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos;

50、 no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather,

51、now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet! 60. What did the authors classmates think about his report? A. Controversial.B. Ridic

52、ulous. C. Boring.D. Puzzling. 61. Why was the author confused about the task? A. He was unfamiliar with American history. B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin. C. He forgot his teachers instruction. D. He was new at the school. 62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _. A

53、. annoyedB. ashamed C. readyD. eager 63. In the end, the author turned things around _. A. by redoing his task B. through his own efforts C. with the help of his grandfather D. under the guidance of his headmaster 答案及解析 60.B推断题 第二、三段 61.A推断题 第一段和第二段 62.D词义猜测题 63.B推断， 最后一段 Consequently, I threw mysel

54、f heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. C C Decision-making under StressDecision-making under Stress A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible

55、 negative (负面的) consequences of a decision. The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways. “Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.” For example, two recent s

56、tudies looked at how people learned to connect images(影 像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their h

57、ands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress. This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a

58、cigarette while under stress at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled. The

59、research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different. Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do bette