确定词义表达得体分析解析.ppt

1、第四章 确定词义 表达得体 （词义的处理） Meaning of Words and Phrases,2,run a car run a shop run oil run message run a fever run a computer run a meeting run chickens run arms run an advertisement,驾驶 经营 提炼 传递 发 操作 主持 饲养 运输 刊登,Run的译法,3,head的译法：,1. head of the English Department 英语系主任 2. head of the government 政府首脑 3. h

2、ead of the bed 床头 4. head of the staircase 楼梯顶端 5. head of the needle 针尖,4,head的译法：,6. He was badly wounded in the head. 他头部受了重伤。 7. He has a good head for maths. 他很有数学天分。 8. You should use your head. 你该动动脑子。 9. The dinner cost us five dollars a head. 这顿饭花了我们每人块钱。,5,head的译法：,10. He arranged his spee

3、ch under five heads. 他的演讲分为五个部分。 11. We have thirty head of cattle. 我们有三十头牛。 12. Heads or tails? 正面还是反面？ 13. Where is the head? 厕所在哪？,6,poor的译法：,1. The cloth is poor in quality. 这种布料质量很差。 2. The water is poor in oxygen. 这水缺氧。 3. Her first concert had a poor audience. 她的首场音乐会只有寥寥无几的听众。,7,poor的译法：,4.

4、This to her was a poor consolation. 这种安慰对她来说是不起作用的。 5. In my poor opinion, you should let her go. 以鄙人之见，你应该让她走。 6. She was a poor sailor and always went to bed immediately on getting on the boat. 她有晕船的毛病，所以总是一上船就上床睡觉。,8,练习1：run的译法,1. He will not be running in the next election. 他不准备参加下届竞选。 2. The tr

5、ain is not running today. 那班火车今天停开。 3. The film began to run. 电影开映了。 4. His face was running with sweat. 他汗流满面。,9,run的译法,5. It was such a hot day that the butter ran. 天气热得连黄油都融化了。 6. The road runs north. 这条路向北延伸。 7. The rumor runs that he is going to resign. 谣传他要辞职了。 8. The monsoon had six weeks mor

6、e to run. 雨季还要持续六个星期。,10,run的译法,9. The car repair will run you at least two hundred. 修车至少要花掉你两百元。 10. The play ran for only a week in that theatre. 这部戏在那家剧院里只上演了一个星期。 11. Potatoes are running large this year. 今年土豆长得很大个。 12. A freezer doesnt cost much to run. 冰箱的使用花费不大。,11,练习2：live的译法,1. She needs to

7、 find somewhere to live. 她需要找个住的地方。 2. Where do these plates live? 这些碟子放哪儿？ 3. Spiders can live for several days without food. 蜘蛛可以几天不吃东西还能存活。 4. We saw a real live rattlesnake! 我们看见了一条活生生的响尾蛇。,12,live的译法,5. The club has live music most nights. 这个俱乐部大多数晚上都有现场演奏的音乐。 6. The show is going on live. 这场演出

8、正在实况直播。 7. Pollution is still very much a live issue. 污染仍然是目前非常让人关注的问题。 8. This is a live and interesting book. 这是一本生动有趣的书。,13,练习3：like的译法,1. He likes mathematics more than physics. 他喜欢数学甚于物理学。 2. Bananas dont like me. 我吃了香蕉肚子不舒服。（香蕉不适我的肠胃。） 3. It tastes like a mango. 其味如芒果。 4. Like charges repel; u

9、nlike charges attract. 相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。,14,like的译法,5. Like knows like. 英雄识英雄。（惺惺相惜） 6. Like attracts like. 物以类聚。（臭味相投） 7. Like cures like. 以毒攻毒。 8. Ill see you like on Thursday. 我可能在星期四见你。,15,练习4：last的译法,1. He is the last man to come. 他是最后来的。 2. He is the last man to do it. 他决不会干那种事。 3. He is the la

10、st person for such a job. 他最不配干这个工作。 4. He should be the last man to blame. 怎么也不应该怪他。,16,last的译法,5. This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 真没想到在这里见到你。 6. This is the last place where I want to meet you. 最不想在这里见到你。 7. He was a senator of the last Congress. 他是上届国会的议员。 8. She is the last

11、wife in the world for a farmer. 她最不适合做农民的妻子。,17,last的译法,13. I hope Ive seen the last of her. 我希望以后都不要再见到她。 14. These colors wont last if exposed to the sun. 这些颜色在阳光暴晒下会变浅。 15. This is a book that will last. 这是一本有生命力的书。（这将是一本传世之作） 16. This money wont last me a whole week. 这钱不够我用一个星期。,18,受原文表层语法结构的影响和

12、字面意思的束缚，对约定俗成、固定搭配、成语等易产生望文生义的错误。,1、避免望文生义,19,例1： the School of the Air 【误】空军学校 【正】广播学校,20,例2： Thats a tall story about the towns high street. 有关这城主街的说法实在令人难以置信。,例3：The die is cast. 木已成舟。,21,例4： “I will teach him to deceive others,” he said. 【误】他说，“我要教他去欺骗别人。” 【正】他说，“我要告诫他不要骗人。”,22,例5： Stop selling

13、me to him. 【误】不要把我卖给他。 【正】别在他面前夸我。,23,例6：She has given heart to him. 【误】她爱上了他。 【正】她鼓励了他。,24,例7：He didnt speak for long. 【误】他很久没有说话了。 【正】他说话时间不长。,25,例8： I bought a tape-recorder for a song. 【误】我买一台录音机来听唱歌。 【正】我廉价买了一台录音机。,26,根据其主要词性、语法作用、词与词的搭配等来选择词义，用最恰当词汇表达再现原文。,2、注重词性,27,例1：Millet made a portrait o

14、f Lady Chesterfield, which flattered her. 【译文】米利特给柴斯特菲尔德贵妇人画了一幅像，这幅像很美，简直超过了她本人。,A. 动词 (Verbs),28,a) 英语中有很多抽象名词，或由形容词、动词或名词加上词尾构成的抽象名词，用来表示动作、状态、性质、人物的特征、具体的实例或抽象概念，翻译时可以具体化。,B. 名词 (Nouns),29,例1：Her grace was a delight. 【译文】她风度优雅,很讨人喜欢。 例2：There was a pleasant freshness of spring everywhere. 【译文】处处洋

15、溢着春色宜人的清新气息。,30,例3：You might well have spared yourself the trouble. 【译文】你大可不必多此一举。,小节结束,31,例1：Jane used to be ill, but shes as right as rain now. 【译文】珍妮曾经有病，可现在身体很好。,C. 形容词、副词 (Adjectives & Adverbs),翻译形容词时可添加或重复形容词所修饰的主体名词，翻译副词时可添加修饰谓语动词的程度副词。,32,例2：Im quite well able to take care of myself. 【译文】我完全

16、能照顾我自己。 例3：He laughed shallowly. 【译文】他勉强笑了一下。,小节结束,33,介词（短语）或译为动词，或译为名词，或译为形容词，还可译为句子。,D. 介词短语 (Prepositional Phrases),34,例3：He was at once a soldier and a writer. 【误】他立即成为一个军人和一位作家了。 【正】他是一个军人，同时又是一个作家。,小节结束,35,例2：Because he has caught cold he is not at home today. 【误】他因为感冒了，所以今天不在家。 【正】他今天感冒了，不能接见

17、客人。,36,例1：I went to my medical man when I fancy Im ill. He is an old chum of mine, and feels my pulse, and looks at my tongue, talks about the weather, all for nothing. 【译文】我觉得自己生病了，就去找我的医生，他是我的一个老朋友，他给我把脉、看舌头、还和我谈论天气，不收我一分钱。,37,3、立足三 “意”,每一个词汇都有： 基本意义（basic meaning） 衍生意义（derivative meaning） 搭配意义（co

18、llocative meaning）,38,例1：kill 1）They killed a bottle of whisky between them. 【译文】他们两人喝完了一瓶威士忌酒。 2）He killed ten good years on that job. 【译文】他在那件工作上浪费了整整10年。 3）Her bright red hat killed the quiet colour of her dress. 【译文】她戴着一顶红色的帽子，这和她一身的素装很不相称。 4）These flowers kill easily. 【译文】这些花很容易枯死。 5）The funny

19、play nearly killed me. 【译文】这出有趣的戏几乎把我笑死。,39,6）That bus ride every day kills off all of my energy. 【译文】每天坐那趟公共汽车使我筋疲力尽。 7）This carpet kills the sound of footsteps. 【译文】这条地毯听不到脚步声。 8）The bill was killed in the House. 【译文】议案在议会被否决了。 9）That has killed her affection. 【译文】那件事使她的感情变冷淡了。 10）Care killed a ca

20、t. 【译文】忧虑伤身谚语,40,“瞻前”指看词的前缀，“顾后”指看词的后缀，即观察派生词的词义。派生词由词根、前缀、后缀组成，这是 “扩大词汇的三把钥匙” 。,4、瞻前顾后,41,例1：pure 1) Pure water is useful. 【译文】纯净水有用。 2) This is purely water. 【译文】这不过是水。 3) Purify the water before drinking it. 【译文】请将水净化后饮用。 4) Purified water is useful. 【译文】净化了的水有用。,42,例2 : like 1）All music is alike

21、 to Tom. 【译文】汤姆不懂音乐。 2）That, I think, is hardly likely. 【译文】我想那不大可能。 3）Mans life is often likened to sea voyage. 【译文】人生常被比作海上航行。 4）His likeness to his brother was remarkable. 【译文】他长像酷似他兄弟。 5）Things cannot be always to ones liking. 【译文】事情不会总是称心如意的。 6）Like likes like. 【译文】物以类聚。,小节结束,43,5、看词在句中的位置,确定词义要看词在句子中的位置，前后的