传动机构的装配.ppt

1、轮子的校准 Alignment,Before they can be put into use, the wheels of chain wheel, toothed wheel and belt transmissions must first be aligned. This alignment is also called squaring. 使用前，凡链轮，齿轮和皮带等各种传动装置的轮子都首先必须校准其位置。这种位置找正也称为校直。 Well-aligned wheels ensure long and good operation of the transmission.One of

2、 the first requirements for good operation of the transmission is that the transmission wheels are assembled in a correct position with respect to each other. When this is the case, we can say that the wheels are squared. 校准良好的轮子可保证传动装置能长期和良好的运行。传动装置良好运行的首要条件之一就是；传动轮彼此间装配位置正确。做到这点后，才可说全部轮子均已校直.,The

3、consequence of this sort of bad alignment is that the pulleys can start to score and break, etc. Also, chain and toothed wheel transmissions quickly display wear on the teeth and chain. 此种不良位置校准的后果是皮带及轮开始擦伤和损坏。如是链轮或齿轮传动，则链上或齿上迅速出现磨损。,调整程序 Procedure,Slide the shafts so that the chain wheels are squar

4、e to each other.Use a straightedge to check the alignment of the chain wheels. 滑动各个轴，使各个链轮都彼此间校直。使用直尺来检查各个链轮的位置找正状态。,Horizontal alignment,Use a dial gauge to determine the largest and the smallest sideways deviation of the chain wheel (i.e. oscillation of the chain wheel). Place these points horizon

5、tally opposite each other. Do this with the small chain wheel as well. All points are now in a neutral line so that the measurement is not affected. 使用百分表来找到链轮侧向偏差量最大和最小的点（即：链轮的摆动），将这些点处于水平，对于小型链轮也需这样做。当全部点都已处在一条中心线上，因此不会影响侧量值。,Vertical alignment,Measure with straightedge above and below the neutral

6、 line. If you measure a difference between the top and bottom sides, then correct by means of filling below the bearing block. The maximum deviation is 0,10 mm. 在中心线上方和下方，用直尺进行测量。如果在顶部和底部之间测量出差值，则可用在轴承组件下填入填片的方法来校正。最大偏差量为0.10mm。,可能的偏移 Possible deviation,The chain wheel of the motor is the reference

7、face. If: - The straightedge point a just touches and point b does not, we must fill the front. - The straightedge point b just touches and point a does not, we must fill the rear. The difference between points a and b is the measurement difference. 以电动机的链轮作为基准面。如果： 直尺的a点刚好触及，面b点不触及，则必须将前侧填起。 直尺的b点刚

8、好触及，面a点不触及，则必须将后侧填起。 a点和b点的差就是测量得的差值。,We can calculate the thickness of the filling with the following formula:用下列公式，可计算出填片的厚度： MA MV = VA V Rewriting the formula gives:将公式改写成： where: MA = measured distance测量到的距离 MV = measured difference测量到的差值 VA = filling distance填片间距离 V = the thickness of the fill

9、ing.填片的厚度 Example Here: - MA=400mm - MV=0,3mm at b V is now: - VA = 534 mm Because point b did not touch, we will have to fill it by 0,4 mm at the front.因为b点尚不能触及，应将0.4mm填入前侧。 When the wheels are in the correct position, tighten the bearing blocks well.待轮子均已处于正确位置后，即可旋紧轴承组件。,主要类型 main groups,齿形传动链（无

10、声链） Toothed chain,弯板滚子传动链 （弯板链）Steel bolt chain,套筒滚子链Roller chain,链传动Chain transmission,链的结构 Parts of a Chain,1.Hardened steel roller滚子 2.Bush套筒 3.Outside link外链片 4.Steel pin 销轴 5.Inside link 内链片 6.Spring clip 弹簧卡片 7.Joining link 连接链片 8.Pitch 节距,链条的张紧Chain Tension,The chain must be replaced if the c

11、hain has become 3% longer than the original length. 如果链条伸长已超过其原有长度3%时，必须将此链条更换下。,链的连接 Joining the chain,Fit the spring clip with combination pliers. Make sure that the closed part of the spring clip points in the direction of movement of the chain. 装配弹性锁片时可使用尖咀钳。 应确保弹性锁片的不开口部分朝向链条的运动方向。,装配原则 Assembl

12、y rules,Good operation and lifetime of the chain and the chain wheel depend mainly on the following points during the assembly: 链条和链轮的良好运行和使用寿命主要决定于装配过程中的下列各点：,A correct alignment of the chain wheels. 链轮的位置经良好的校准。 The correct chain tension.链条的张紧适宜。 A good position of the chain in the cogs of the cha

13、in wheel.链条与链轮的正确啮合。 A free-running chain. The chain must be prevented from rubbing against anything, e.g. a chain guard. 链条运行自由灵活。严禁和它物（例如：链条罩壳）相擦碰。 Good lubrication.润滑状态良好。 The correct placing of a chain tensioner: this must always be assembled on the unloaded part of the chain. 链条张紧轮安装正确：永远将其装配在链

14、条的无负载部分。,齿轮传动 Gear transmission,1.Pitch circle 分度圆 2.Addendum 齿顶 3.Dedendum circle 齿根圆 4.Addendum circle 齿顶圆 5.Pitch 齿距 6.Tooth height 全齿高 7.Dedendum 齿根 8.Tooth width 齿宽 9.Flank 齿侧,齿侧间隙 Flank clearance,The size of the flank clearance depends on: - The modulus.模数 - The centre distance of the shafts.

15、轴的中心距 - The dimensional accuracy of the gear wheels. 齿轮的尺寸精度 Field of application of the transmission. 传动的应用范围,侧隙的等级clearance class,Clearance class 1 侧隙等级1 This is used when the operation must meet very high accuracy requirements. We currently find this clearance class with measuring instruments and

16、 clamping tables for workpieces with machine tools. 用于有很高精确度要求时，我们可以将工件夹紧在工作台上用测量仪器测量工件的侧隙等级。 Clearance class 2 侧隙等级2 This is used when the operation must meet more than normal accuracy requirements. This clearance class can be applied, for example, when the direction of rotation is reversed and no

17、“jolting” may occur. 用于一般精确度以上的要求时，该侧隙等级可用于旋转方向为双向和没有震动发生时。,Clearance class 3 侧隙等级3 This is the most usual clearance class for general mechanical engineering. 通常用于普通的机械工程. Clearance class 4侧隙等级4 This is used if large differences are expected in temperature between gear wheels and housing. 可用于当齿轮和外壳的

18、温度有很大差异时。 Clearance class 5侧隙等级5 This is used, for example, with “open” machines, whereby there is always a chance that contamination can get between the teeth. 用于开式机械中齿轮间常有污染物存在的场合。,Therefore, to look up the flank clearance in the table, three values are required:因此,可以根据3个数值查看齿侧间隙表. - The clearance

19、 class.间隙等级 - The centre distance.中心距 - The modulus. 模数,齿侧间隙的检查 Check on flank clearance,The flank clearance can be measured with: 用下列方法测量齿侧间隙 - A lead wire.铅丝 - A dial gauge.百分表 - A feeler gauge. 塞尺,Measure the flank clearance in four different positions. Turn the wheels 90 each time. In this way,

20、you can ascertain oscillation or eccentricity faults. 每次转到轮子90度，在四个位置测量齿侧间隙，通过这种方法，可以确定摆动或偏心误差。 In the relevant practical set-ups, the clearance is measured with the aid of a lead wire. 在有关的实际操作中，可以用铅丝来测量间隙：,Measure the flank clearance as follows: - Take two pieces of lead wire with a thickness of 0

21、,5 mm, for example. The two pieces of lead wire must be equally thick. Never take a too thick lead wire. 例如：取两根0.5mm的铅丝,注意不能太粗. - Place the lead wire on the ends of a tooth (see drawing). 在齿宽两端的齿面上平行放置两条铅丝. - Turn the teeth of both wheels so that they engage and the lead wire is flattened. The lead

22、wire must be flattened in one go. Do not turn the gear wheels backwards and forwards. 转动齿轮的齿，使铅丝扁平，铅丝必须在一个方向上转动后压平，齿轮不能来回转动。 - Measure the thickness of the flattened lead wire with a micrometer gauge. 用千分尺测量扁铅丝的厚度 - If the flank clearance (thickness of the flattened lead wire) is not correct, the po

23、sition of the shafts must be changed.如果齿侧间隙（扁铅丝的厚度）不正确，必须调整轴的位置。,齿形带传动 GEARED BELT TRANSMISSION,The geared belt transmission is not based on friction (as with a V-belt transmission). The geared belt transmission closely resembles a chain transmission. The geared belt is a flat belt that has teeth on

24、 the inside. The teeth have a special shape and engage in the teeth of the geared toothed belt pulleys. This gives a slip-free transmission.,齿形带传动是不依赖于磨擦力（这点与V型皮带传送不同）并类似于链传动的一种传动。 齿形带是内侧有齿的扁平皮带，这些齿有特殊的形状，并与齿形带带轮的齿啮合，这是无滑动传动。,目的 Purpose,geared belt transmissions are intended to transfer a rotating m

25、ovement from one shaft to another shaft. 齿形带传送就是把旋转运动从一个轴传至另一个轴 .,应用范围 Field of application,- robots;机器人 - car engines;汽车发动机 - pick and place units;拾取装置 - motorcycles (as replacement for a tooth wheel/chain transmission)摩托车 - etc. 等等,优点与缺点Advantages 工作速度可以比带传动更高（有时可达100,000rpm） can have small dimens

26、ions because the distance between centres of the shafts is small; 中心距小, 尺寸小。 has a long lifetime, providing it is properly assembled; 寿命长(如果它能正确安装的话)。 works with low noise, also at high speeds; 低噪音工作，速度快 . can transfer much power; 可以传送更大的动力 has no problems with slip. 没有滑动现象。,A geared belt transmissi

27、on has no disadvantages, because all good characteristics of belt, chain and gear transmissions are present.齿形带传送没有缺点，因为它集皮带、链和齿轮传送的所有优点。,Geared belts are made of an artificial rubber (neoprene) or plastic (polyurethane) encapsulation, containing:齿形带是由人工橡胶（氯丁橡胶）或塑料(聚氨酯)制成，在其中含： - cords of high quali

28、ty steel;高质量的钢绳 cords of glass fibre. 玻璃纤维绳 -There is a protective layer of nylon over the encapsulation. The whole is vulcanised to form an endless belt (a circle has no beginning and no end, i.e. endless). Vulcanisation is the heating of the rubber with sulphur and carbon, etc. added to it. 在外表上有一层尼龙保护层，这是硬化而形成没有接头的皮带（即没有开端和尾部的圆圈），硬化是将硫和碳等加到加热的橡胶中。,齿形带的设计Design of geared belts,带的磨损 Wear of the belt,The same applies to wear as to Vbelts. Wear makes the belt less strong and it can transmit less power or break. Indications, such as fr