[中学联盟]浙江省温州市啸秋中学高中英语必修3课件：unit1Festivalsaroundtheworldgrammar

1、Grammar,Modal verbs 情态动词 (I),Unit1 Festivals around the world,Modal verbs 情态动词 (I),情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、意愿、态度等。,Can, could, shall, should, may, might, must, ought, need, would, will等等,情态动词的语法特征,1) 情态动词不能单独做谓语, 除ought 和have外, 后面只能接不带to的不定式。,2) 情态动词没有人称, 数的变化, 但有些情态动词, 如can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。,3)情态动词的“时态”形式

2、并不是时间区别的主要标志, 不少情况下, 情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。,只作情态动词的 can / could, may / might, ought to, must 可情态可实义的 need, dare 可情态可助动词的 shall / should, will / would 相当于情态动词的 have to, used to,can, could 和be able to的用法,She can/be able to sing the song in English. This machine can make you feel comfort

3、able.,1.can, be able to都可表示“能力”,Can的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人,Well be able to finish the work soon. I havent been able to see the film.,2.can只用于现在式和过去式(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。,could用于表示泛指过去的能力。如： IcouldreadwhenIwasfour.,Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened. She

4、 ran fast but she couldnt /wasnt able to catch the bus.,3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。,HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout. Hewasabletoswimhalfwaybeforehegottired.,表示过去的能力,Could I have a look at your notebook? Yes , you can./No,youcant.,4.could不表示时态 ,表示委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用cou

5、ld）。,Can this news be true? How can you be so foolish? It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill.,5.表示“惊异,怀疑,不相信”的态度(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中),Linda didnt catch the train. She could have caught it. Dontworry. Theycouldhavejustforgottentophone.,6.表示推测，译为“可能、或许”，can常用于否定句(意思是不可能已经)和疑问句；could除用于否定句及疑问句外,还可用于肯定句(意思是那

6、时可能;本来可以)。,Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may 2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 3. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara.

7、 A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended,B,A,A,A,may和might,-May I use your pencil?,-Yes, y

8、ou may./ No, you mustnt.,1. may和might 用于一般问句中表示委婉的请求,肯定回答用may,否定用mustnt,She may not be working now. John might be at home now.,2. may和might表示“可能性”, may/might + v 指现在或将来可能发生的动作情况。might暗示的可能性更小,She may/might have gone to the cinema. They may/might not have received our telephone.,3.对过去发生的事情的可能性作出判断用ma

9、y/might have done,用might比用may的可能性更小,May you succeed! MayGodblessyou!,4.may放在句首祈使句，表示祝愿。,1.Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 2.Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will,A,B,wi

10、ll和would：,1. will是助动词或是情态动词？ will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。would亦同理。 eg. I will tell you something important. 我要告诉你一些重要的事。 （助动词）,Will you tell her that Im here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？ （情态动词） 2. 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问。 eg: If you want help - let me know, will you? 如果你需要帮助, 让我知道, 好吗?,Will you type this,

11、please? 请打印这个, 好吗？ Wont you sit down? 请坐下, 好吗？ 3. would比will客气委婉。 eg: Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？,（表请求）,Id go there with you. 我要和你一块到那儿去。 Teacher wouldnt allow it. 老师不会允许这件事。,（表意愿）,（表许可）,shall和should：,1. shall用于构成将来时是助动词。 shall用于征求对方的意见，表示 “决心” 是情态动词。 eg: Perhaps I shall pay a visit to Eng

12、land this winter. 可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。 （构成一般将来时, 助动词）,Shall we go by train, Mom? 妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？ （用于征求对方的意见，情态动词） I shall go at once. 我必须立即去。 （表 “决心”，情态动词）,shall可以用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示征求意见或许可；还可用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命令或威胁等。如： You shall be punished if you break the rule.,2. should表示义务、建议、劝告，意为 “应该”。 “should+ have+过

13、去分词” 表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 eg: You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。 She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的。,must 和haveto,1.Must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用neednt或dont have to，做“不必”,mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”, MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?,Yes, you must. No,youneednt.,Youmustntgetdownwhilethecarisstill moving.,I do

14、nt like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.,2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。,Youmustbethenewteacher. Hemustbejoking. Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveall gonehome.,3.must表示对某人某事的猜测，作“准是”，“一定” ，一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用

15、must have done,He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course，after I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite。,4. Must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情,1.-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable jo

16、urney. ( ) A. cant be B. mustnt have been C. shouldnt be D. couldnt have been,D,2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. ( ) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to,D,EXERCISES,4. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure. must B. can C. may D. will,C,5.

17、- Could I call you by your first name? - Yes, you_. A. will B. could C. may D. might,C,6. Sorry, I m late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. might B. should C. can D. will,A,8. -When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _be ready by 12 : 0

18、0 . A. can B. should C. might D. need,B,9. With so much work on hand, you _to see the game last night. A. mustnt go B. could have gone C. shouldnt go D. shouldnt have gone,D,10.Johnny, you _play with the knife, you _hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; wouldnt,B

19、,12. I missed the bus, so I _ go home on foot. A. must B. may C. can D. had to,D,can; could When I was young I _ climb any tree in the forest. Learning a language _ be a real challenge.,could,can,II. 选用正确的情态动词填空。,may; might I asked if I _ go home half an hour earlier today. There _ not be enough money to pay for the repairs.,might,may / might,will; would When he got older, he _ never do his homework. Nancy _ keep talking unless you tell her to shut up.,would,will,shall; should By now, they _ already be in Dubai. I _ be replaced by someone from t