张汉熙高级英语第二册课件第9课.ppt_第1页
张汉熙高级英语第二册课件第9课.ppt_第2页
张汉熙高级英语第二册课件第9课.ppt_第3页
张汉熙高级英语第二册课件第9课.ppt_第4页
张汉熙高级英语第二册课件第9课.ppt_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩204页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

1、(Edited)VariationsonathemebyWilliamJamesURSULALEGUIN,9.TheOnesWhoWalkAwayfromOmelas,Objectives,TounderstandthetextTolearntheusefulwordsandphraseslearnaboutanallegorystory,TeachingContents,1.Introduction(10min.)2.Detailedstudyofthetext(140min.)3.Structureanalysis(5min.)4.Languageappreciation(5min.)5.

2、Summaryofwordsandphrases(5min)6.Exercises(15min),1.Introduction,Theauthor:UrsulaK.LeGuinisawell-knownsciencefictionandfantasywriter.,UrsulaLeGuin,ShewasborninBerkeley,Californiain1929.AftergraduatingfromRadcliffCollege,shetookanM.A.degreeatColumbiaUniversity.Herwritingsforceustore-examinemanyoftheth

3、ingsthatweoncetookforgranted,likeourcities,ourpoliticalandsocialstructures,etc.,UrsulaLeGuin,Shebeganwritingduringthe1950s,butnotuntilthe60sdidshebeginpublishing.LeGuinsworkhasappealedtoawideraudiencethansciencefictionfans.Bringingasocialscientistseyeandafeministssensibilitytosciencefiction,shehasem

4、ployedthisspeculativegenretocriticizecontemporarycivilization.,UrsulaLeGuin,Manyofherstorieslike“TheOnesWhoWalkAwayFromOmelas”(1974HugoAward)createcompleximaginarycivilizations,envisionedwithanthropologicalauthority.LeGuinhasalsowrittenpoetryandjuvenilefiction,includingtheEarthseavideo-2trilogy,Wiza

5、rdofEarthseavideo-2(1968),TheTombsofAtuanvideo-2(1971),andTheFarthestShorevideo-2(1972),whichrankamongtheclassicsofmodernchildrensliterature.ShelivesinPorland,Oregon.,UrsulaLeGuin,InaninterviewwithLarryMcCafferytheauthorexplainswhyshelikesthesciencefictionform.Shesays:“Sciencefictionallowsmetohelppe

6、oplegetoutoftheirculturalskinsandintotheskinsofotherbeings.Inthatsensesciencefictionisjustafurtherextensionofwhatthenovelhastraditionallybeen.Inmostfictiontheauthortriestogetintotheskinofanotherperson;insciencefictionyouareoftenexpectedtogetintotheskinofanotherpersonfromanotherculture.,WilliamJames,

7、(1842-1910),Americanphilosopher,WilliamJames,HewasbornNewYorkCityandgraduatedfromHarvardUniversityin1869withadoctorofMedicinedegree.In1872hejoinedtheHarvardfacultyasalectureronanatomyandphysiology(生理学),continuingtoteachuntil1907(3yearslaterhedied),after1880inthedepartmentofpsychologyandphilosophy.In

8、1890hepublishedhisbrilliantandepoch-makingPrinciplesofPsychology,inwhichtheseedsofhisphilosophyarealreadydiscernible/perceptive.,WilliamJames,JamessfascinatingstyleandhisbroadcultureandcosmopolitanoutlookmadehimthemostinfluentialAmericanthinkerofhisday.Hisphilosophyhasthreeprincipleaspects-hisvolunt

9、arism,hispragmatism,andhis“radicalempiricism.”,Thetext,ThistextistakenfromTheNortonAnthologyofShortFiction.Thiswritingmaybecalledapieceofallegoricaldescription.,Allegory(讽喻)inliterature,isasymbolicstorythatservesasadisguisedrepresentationformeaningsotherthanthoseindicatedonthesurface.Thecharactersin

10、anallegoryoftenhavenoindividualpersonality,butareembodimentsofmoralqualitiesandotherabstractions.,Allegory,Theallegoryiscloselyrelatedtoparable/religiousteachingstory,fable,/animalstory,andmetaphor,differingfromthemlargelyinintricacyandlength.Althoughallegoryisstillusedbysomeauthors,itspopularityasa

11、literaryformhasdeclinedinfavorofamorepersonalformofsymbolicexpression.,“Omelas”,SoOmelasshouldnotbereadasarealisticstory.LeGuinisplayingaroundwiththeoldideaaboutthegreatestgoodforthegreatestnumberandtakingittoitslogicalextreme.Whatif,magically,alltheevilintheworldcouldbeheapedononepersonandeveryonee

12、lsecouldbehappy.Woulditbeworthwhileorwouldtheinjusticedonetothatoneprobablyretardedchildoutweighthegoodofalltherest.,Theoneswhowalkawayarebuyingoutofthesystem,refusingtoaccepttheirownhappinessifitcomesattheexpenseofsomeoneelse.Ononelevelthestorycanbeunderstoodaboutthewesternworldlivingoffthesufferin

13、gofthethirdworld.Onanotherlevelitcanbeunderstoodaboutoursocietysrefusaltoacceptthelegitimacyoftheplightofthepoor.,Noteon“TheOnesWhoWalkAwayFromOmelas”:,UrsulaK.LeGuinonceexplainedinoneofherstorycollectionTheWindsTwelveQuarters,Thecentralideaofthispsychomyth,thescapegoat,turnsupinDostoyevskysBrothers

14、Karamazovandseveralpeoplehaveaskedme,rathersuspiciously,whyIgavethecredittoWilliamJamesvideo-2Thefactis,Ihaventbeenabletore-readDostoyevsky,muchasIlovedhim,sinceIwastwenty-five,andIdsimplyforgottenheusedtheidea.ButwhenImetitinJamess“TheMoralPhilosopherandtheMoralLife”itwaswithashockofrecognition.,Of

15、courseIdidntreadJamesandsitdownandsay,NowIllwriteastoryaboutthat“lostsoul.”Itseldomworksthatsimply.Isatdownandstartedastory,justbecauseIfeltlikeit,withnothingbuttheword“Omelas”inmind.Itcamefromaroadsign:Salem(Oregon)backwards.SalemequalsPeace.Melas.Omelas.Omelas.“Wheredoyougetyourideasfrom,MsLeGuin?

16、”FromforgettingDostoyevskyandreadingroadsignsbackwards,naturally.Whereelse?,Thegeneralideaofthetext:,Inthisallegoricalwriting,LeGuinbringsuparatherprovocativetheme,thenatureofhappinessandonwhatitdepends.Inthebeginning,LeGuinfashionsautopiancity,Omelas.ItiscelebratingtheFestivalofSummer.Thereisanairo

17、fexcitementthroughoutthecitywithitsclangingbells,flag-adornedboats,beautifulbuildingsandjoyfulprocessions.,Peoplemarchinprocessiontowatchahorserace,whichwillbeginverysoon.ThenLeGuincommentsindirectlyonthepeopleofOmelastoconvincethattheyarenotsimplebuthappy.Accordingtoher,theirhappinessisbasedonajust

18、discriminationofwhatisnecessary,whatisneithernecessarynordestructive,andwhatisdestructive.Theydowithoutmonarchy,slavery,oranycommercial,politicalormilitaryinstitution.ThereisnoguiltinOmelas.Peopleliveahappylifewhichtheyloveearnestly.,However,LeGuindisclosesthetruthofOmelashappinessshortly,whichshock

19、sthereaders.InacellarinOmelasachildhasbeenlockedinatinyroomandmistreatedforaverylongtime.AllthehappinessofOmelasisbasedonitssuffering.ThepeopleofOmelasacceptthisasaterriblejusticeofrealityandletthechildsmiserygoon.,Bythissharpcontrastbetweentheformerhappinessandthepresentcruelty,LeGuindrawstheattent

20、ionuponherthemethenatureandbasisofhappinessshouldthehappinessofthemanybebaseduponthesufferingofthefew?Butsheprovidesnosolutionexceptanopen,thought-provokingendingthatsomepeopleleaveOmelasafterseeingthechild.,2.Detailedstudyofthetext,“TheOnesWhoWalkAwayfromOmelas”:InUrsulaLeGuinsshortstory,Theoneswho

21、walkawayfromOmelas,shebringsuptheideaofthescapegoatwho,bylivingalifeofconstantsuffering,ensuresthateveryoneelseinthecityofOmelashastheperfect,happylife.Theyallknowitisthere,thepeopleofOmelas.,theyallunderstandthattheirhappiness,thebeautyoftheircity,thetendernessoftheirfriendships,thehealthoftheirchi

22、ldren,thewisdomoftheirscholars,theskilloftheirmakers,eventheabundanceoftheirharvestsandthekindlyweathersoftheirskies,dependwhollyuponthischildsabominablemisery.,Somepeople,ofcourse,cannotaccepttheideathattofreethechildwouldbetoletmiseryintothelivesofeveryoneinOmelas,toletinguilt,eveniftheyacceptthat

23、thechild,ruinedbyitsmiserablelife,wouldnotbeabletounderstandorindeedsurvivethefreeandjoyousworldoutsideitscell.,Thesepeoplecannotstandtolivedependentonanothersmisery;theyrefusetobenefitfromthechildssuffering,thoughtheymakenoapparentefforttohelpthechild.Ineffect,theyoptoutofthesystem,andtheydonttryto

24、fixit.ThesearetheoneswhowalkawayfromOmelas.,Omelasisafictionalcityofhappinessenvisagedbythewriter.ShedescribesemotionallyandcolorfullythecityofOmelasanditscitizensbutitisapieceofallegoricaldescription.Inreality,however,shediscoursesonaratherprovocativethemethenatureofhappinessandonwhatitdepends.,Wha

25、tdoesUrsulaLeGuinwanttotellusthroughherstory?,Throughherstorytheauthorwantstoshockreaderstothinkagainaboutaphilosophicalquestion:couldonebehappyinaworldthatprovidedeveryperfectiononecouldwishIFitdependedononepersonlivinginabsolutemisery?,VariationsonathemebyWilliamJames:,ThetextdiscussesonathemebyWi

26、lliamJames.TheauthorshowsdifferentideasfromWilliamJamesthemeconcerninghappinessandwhatitisbasedon.,Para.1,thecityofOmelas,WhatdoesParagraph1describe?,thehappycityofOmelas.Omelasisaportcitybytheseawithbrighttowersandhouseswithredroofsandpaintedwalls.Therearetree-linedavenues,moss-growngardens,greatpa

27、rksandpublicbuildings.Towardsthenorthsideofthecitythereisagreatwater-meadowcalledtheGreenFields.FarofftothenorthandwestaremountainswithsnowypeakshalfencirclingOmelas.,ThepeopletherewerejoyouslycelebratingtheFestivalofSummerwithmusic,danceandprocessions.Men,womenandchildrenexceptfortheriderswhowerena

28、ked.Thehighlightofthecelebrationswasahorseracetobeheldonthegreatwater-meadowcalledtheGreenFields.Sothewholecityisimmersedinhappiness.,WithaclamorofbellsthecityOmelas,bright-toweredbythesea:,Theloudringingofthebells,whichsentthefrightenedswallowsflyinghigh,marksthebeginningoftheFestivalofSummerinOmel

29、as.bright-toweredbythesea:Omelasisaportcityby/nearthesea.Ithadwhitetowersthatshonebrightinthesun.,Theriggingoftheboatsinharborsparkledwithflags:,Thelinesandchainsontheshipsweredecoratedwithflagswhichwereshininginthesun.rigging:linesandchainsusedaboardashipespeciallyinworkingsailandsupportingmastsand

30、spars;theriggingU:alltheropes,chains,etc.thatholdupashipssails.e.g.Thesailorclimbeduptheriggingtoseeifhecouldsightland.,.Inthestreetsprocessionsmoved:,Thestreetswerelinedwithhouseswithredroofsandpaintedwalls.Betweenthehousestherewereoldmoss-growngardens.Therewerealsoavenueslinedwithshadytrees.Thecit

31、yhadmanybigparksandpublicbuildings.Thereweremanyprocessionsmovingthroughthestreetsandavenues.Inthislongsentence,themainidea“processionsmoved”isattheendofthesentence.Thisisagoodexampleofalongperiodicsentence(圆周句),precededbyastringofmodifiers.,Someweredecorous:,oldpeopleinlongstiffrobesofmauveandgrey,

32、gravemasterworkmen,quiet,merrywomencarryingtheirbabiesandchattingastheywalked.Someoftheseprocessionsweremarkedbyproprietyandgoodtaste,becausetheyweremadeupofoldpeople,gravemasterworkmenandwomencarryingbabies.Therewerenochildrenoryoungpeopleamongthem.Inthislongsentence,themainideaisatthebeginning.Thi

33、sisanexampleofaloosesentence(松散句).Thewriterusesavastvarietyofsentencestructures.,decorous:adj.fml.(ofappearanceorbehavior)correct;showingproperrespectforthemannersandcustomsofsociety.,e.g.Behaviorthatisdecorousispoliteandcorrectanddoesntoffendpeople.Hegavehiswifeadecorouskiss.Teenageloversarestrolli

34、ngdecorously.mauve:adj.havingapalepurplecolour.n.sth.thatismauveisofapalepurplecolore.g.mauvewritingpaper,Inotherstreetsthemusicbeatfaster,ashimmeringofgongandtambourine,andthepeoplewentdancing,theprocessionwasadance:,Inotherstreetstheprocessionsweredifferent.Themusicwasmuchfasterandonecouldseethegl

35、immeringlightreflectedfromgongsandtambourines.Thepeopledancedtothemusicastheymovedforward.Thewholeprocessionwasadance.shimmer:shinewithasofttremulousslightlyshakinglight;glimmer,Childrendodgedinandoutoverthemusicandthesinging:,Thechildrenranaboutplayfully,nowinandnowoutoftheprocession.Theirhigh-pitc

36、hedshoutingcouldbeheardclearlyabovethemusicandsinginglikethecallsoftheswallowsflyingbyoverheard.,dodge:v.toavoid(sth.)bymovingsuddenlyaside.,e.g.Hedodgedthefallingrockandescapedunhurt.Shedodgedpastme.infml.toavoid(aresponsibility,duty,etc.)byatrickorinsomedishonestwaye.g.Shesomehowmanagedtododgeallt

37、hedifficultquestions.dodger:ataxdodger,adraftdodger逃避服兵役者dodge:n.infml.acleverwayofavoidingsth.orofdeceivingortrickingsb.ataxdoge逃税花招,synonyms:avoid,escape,avert,evade,elude,avert:toprevent(sth.unpleasant)fromhappeninge.g.Anaccidentwasavertedbyhisquickthinking.evade:derog.toavoid(esp.adutyorresponsi

38、bility),esp.usingdeceptione.g.Givemeadirectanswerandstopevadingtheissue.elude:escapefromesp.bymeansofatricke.g.Thefoxsucceededineludingthehuntersbyrunningbackintheoppositedirection.,theirhighcallsrisingliketheswallowscrossingflightsoverthemusicandthesinging:asimile,flight:rising,settlingorflyinginaf

39、lock,Alltheprocessionswoundtowardsthenorthsideofthecity:,Thestreetstwistedandturnedsotheprocessionsalsotwistedandturnedasitmovedforwardtothenorthsideofthecity.wound:pastparticipleoftheverbwindtomake(onesway)inawindingortwistingcourse.,whereonthegreatwater-meadowexercisedtheirrestivehorsesbeforethera

40、ce:,Thisisanattributiveclausemodifyingthenorthsideofthecity.Themainstructureoftheclauseis“where(onthegreatwater-meadow)boysandgirlsexercisedtheirrestivehorsesbeforetherace.”,naked:,Thisshowstheboysandgirlswereverynaturalandunsophisticated.Theydidnotfeeltherewasanythingwronginbeingnakedandbarefoot.,l

41、ithe:adj.(esp.ofpeopleoranimals)abletobendandmoveeasilyandgracefully,e.g.thelithebodiesofthedancersexercisedtheirrestivehorsesbeforetherace:puttheirhorsesthroughsomeexercisesbecausethehorseswereeagertostartandstubbornlyresistingthecontroloftheriders,restive:stubbornlyresistingcontrol;unruly;disobedi

42、ent;unwillingtokeepstillorbecontrolled,nervous,e.g.Ifyourerestive,youreimpatient,bored,ordissatisfied.Thehorsesarerestivetonight;theremustbewolvesabout.Thecrewwererestiveandrebellious.restively:adv.restivenessn.,Thehorsesworenogearatallbutahalterwithoutbit:,Thehorsesdidntwearharnessbutaropeorleather

43、bandwithoutbit.gear:n.theharnessforahorsehalter:aropeorleatherbandfastenedroundahorseshead,esp.toleaditBit:n.ametalbar,partofabridle,thatisputinthemouthofahorseandusedforcontrollingitsmovements马嘴子;马衔,Theirmaneswerebraidedwithstreamersofsilver,gold,andgreen:,Themanesofthehorseswerealsodecoratedwithsm

44、allsilver,goldandgreenflags.,mane:n.thelonghairalongthetopandsidesoftheneckofcertainmammals,suchasthehorseandthemalelionbraid:erweavethreeormorestrandsof(hair,straw,etc.)streamer:alongnarrowpieceofcoloredpaper,usedsep.fordecoratingatparties;alongnarrowflag,Theyflaredtheirnostrilsandprancedandbo

45、astedtooneanother:,Thewriterusespersonificationherebytreatingthehorsesashumanbeings.Thehorsesopenwidertheirnostrils,jumpedaboutandseemedtobeboastingtooneanother.Allthisshowsthehorsesexcitementbeforetherace.,flare:to(causeto)openoutwards,esp.towidengraduallytowardstobottom,e.g.flaredtrousersHernostri

46、lsflaredwithanger.flare:n.awideningtowardsoneende.g.trouserswithwideflaresprance:v.(ofanimal,esp.ahorse)tojumphighormovequicklybyraisingthefrontlegsandspringingforwardsonthebacklegs,thehorsesbeingtheonlyanimalwhohasadoptedourceremoniesashisown.:,anominativeabsoluteconstructionandacontinuationofperso

47、nification.Thehorsewastheonlyanimalthatconsideredtheceremoniesofhumanbeingsasalsotheirceremonies.,FarofftothenorthandwestthemountainsstooduphalfencirclingOmelasonherbay:,FarofftothenorthandweststoodupthemountainshalfsurroundingOmelasonhercoast.,thesnowstillcrowningthemilesofsunlitair,underthedarkblu

48、eofthesky:,averybeautifulmetaphordescribingthesunlitsnowpeaks.Thewhitesnowpeaksglowingwithgoldensunlightseemedtobeonfire.Thedarkblueoftheskymakesthegoldenpeaksstandoutmoreclearly.,onecouldhearandbrokeoutintothegreatjoyousclangingofthebells:,Themusicthroughthestreetsfarandnearwasaspleasantasthesweetp

49、erfumeofflowers.Themusicwassometimesfaintanddistantbutsometimesgatheredinstrengthandfinallyclimaxedinthejoyousclangingofbells.,fartherandnearerandeverapproaching:,thesewords,inagrammaticalway,alsoindicatethemusicmovementheardfromthestartingplace“farther”tothecomparativedegree“nearer”tothecontinuoust

50、ense“approaching,”stressingthedistanceisgettingshorterandshorter.,acheerfulfaintsweetnessoftheair:,ametaphordescribingthebeautifulmusic,Para.2,questioningthejoyoftheOmelaspeople,Joyous!Howisonetotellaboutjoy?HowdescribethecitizensofOmelas?,Theveryshortparagraphisaspecialfeatureofthispieceofwriting.T

51、hewriterusestwoshortquestionstointroducetwoimportantsubjects.InthenextlongparagraphshedescribesthepeopleofOmelasandexpressesherviewsonjoyandhappiness,whichisthemainthemeofthewriter.,Para.3,thewritersviewonthejoy,andtheOmelaspeople,Butwedonotsaythewordsofcheermuchanymore:,Buttheordinarypeopledonotmen

52、tionwordslikehappyandjoybecausebeinghappyistheirwayoflifeandisnolongeraproblem.we:theordinarypeople,Allsmileshavebecomearchaic:,Smilingtoshowoneshappinessisoldfashionedforthereisnoneedofitnow.,Givenadescriptionsuchasthisonetendstomakecertainassumptions:,Assumingthatthesmilesaredescribedinthisway,peo

53、pleareinclinedtoexplainwhytheyarelikethisastheythemselvesimagine.Afterreadingtheabovedescriptionthereaderislikelytoassumecertainthings.suchasthis:thisreferstotheabovesentence:Allsmileshavebecomearchaic.,Givenadescriptionbygreat-muscledslaves.,AfterreadingtheabovedescriptionthereadermayassumethatOmel

54、asisafeudalkingdomwhereonecanseethekingridingabeautifulhorsesurroundedbynobleknightsoragoldenlittercarriedbystrongwell-builtslaves.litter:acoveredandcurtainedcouchprovidedwithshaftsandusedforcarryingasinglepassenger,Idonotknowtherulesandlawsoftheirsociety,butIsuspectthattheyweresingularlyfew:,Idonot

55、knowwhattherulesandlawsoftheirsocietyarebutIguesstheywereexceptionallyfew.singularly:exceptionally,unusually,Astheydidwithoutmonarchyandthebomb.,Theymanagedwithoutmonarchyandslavery.Inthesameway,theyalsomanagedwithoutthestockexchange,theadvertisement,thesecretpolice,andthebomb.,asso:inthesamewayas,s

56、o,e.g.Aswateristhemostimportantofliquids,soairisthemostimportantofgases.Asbeeslovesweetness,sofliesloverottenness.Asthewindblewharder,sotheseagrewrougher.,thebomb:itreferstotheBomb,atomicbomb,nuclearweapons,dowithout:managewithout;dispensewith,WhatthingsdothecitizensofOmelasdonothave?,Theydowithoutm

57、onarchyandslaveryandalsowithoutthestockexchange,theadvertisement,thesecretpolice,thebomb,theclergyandsoldiers.Theydonothavecarsnorhelicopters.Andonethingthereisnoneofisguilt.,thesewerenotsimplefolk,notdulcetshepherds,noblesavages,blandutopians:,ThecitizensofOmelaswerenotagroupofnavepeople.Theywereno

58、tshepherdswhohadamelodiousvoiceandweregoodatsinging,norprimitivepeoplewholivedinavirtuous,innocentstateuncorruptedbycivilization,noragreeableandcourteouspeoplewhobelievedinautopia,aperfectsociety.,dulcet:lit.orhumor(esp.ofsounds)sweetandcalming,e.g.Dulcetsoundsaregentleandpleasanttolistento;oftenuse

59、dhumorously.Shespokeindulcettones.IwakeuptothedulcettonesoftheRadioFournews.,blandadj.,(ofpeopleortheirbehavior)showingnostrongfeelingsoropinionsorothernoticeablequalities,esp.soastoavoidcausingtroubleorgivingoffence.e.g.Someonewhoisblandiscalm,unexcitedandpolite.Theradiostationsblandcoverageoftheelectioncampaign温和报道Manfredsmiledhisblandsmile.(offood)withoutmuchtasteThissoupistooblandforme.,shepherds:,allusion,suggestingoneofthehistoricalsymbolsofpastoralism:ashepherdandhissheep.PastoralismcelebratedtheinnocentlifeofshepherdsusuallyfromanidealizedGoldenAgeofrusticinnocenceand

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论