必修4unit2 working the land grammar方亚权

1、,Verb doing,Doing 为非谓语动词，由do +ing 构成，充当 1.主语 2. 宾语 3.表语 4. 定语 5.状语 6.宾语补足语，起名词、形容词、 副词作用。 Doing 表示 主动、进行 Done 表示被动、完成,Doing 作主语 Doing . + V + O In many countries, shaking heads means “no” and nodding heads means “yes”.,2. 作宾语 (动词宾语和介词宾语） He finished reading the book yesterday. I enjoy learning Engli

2、sh. (动词宾语） I am fond of watching TV. （介词宾语）,以下动词须用doing 做宾语,enjoy, finish, suggest, appreciate, practice, try, risk, consider, miss, mind, delay, avoid, + doing need, require, want + doing = need to be done give up, cant help, look forward, have trouble . +doing,3. 作表语 The story is amusing. The news

3、 is exciting . The situation is encouraging.,Compare: doing & done,The children are amused. People are excited by the news。 The boy is encouraged by the words.,4. 作定语 a. the laughing audience / an amusing story,Dustin Hoffman is famous for his role acting as a woman. ( 短语后置） The girl singing on the

4、stage is my sister.,Compare,The amusing play = the play that is amusing. The girl singing on the stage = The girl who is singing on the stage.,a flying kite - a kite which is flying 放飞的风筝 the rising sun the sun that is rising 在升起的太阳 the dancing girl - the girl who is dancing 在跳舞女孩 the coming week th

5、e week that is coming 下周,Comparison,the falling leaves - fallen leaves the shocking news the shocked people,注： doing sth 作定语相当于定语从句，表主动进行。,完成,被动,注：done 表示被动、完成。,Step 2. The boy who is coming to dinner this evening is a classmate of mine.,Step 1. The boy is coming to dinner this evening He is a class

6、mate of mine.,Step 3. The boy coming to dinner this evening is a classmate of mine.,Wrong : The boy is coming to dinner this evening is a classmate of mine There are some people are waiting at the bus stop,x,_,_,5. Doing 作宾语补足语。句中的谓语动词 通常为 a: 感官动词， 如：see, notice, watch, hear, listen to, feel, observ

7、e, find + sb + doing,We heard the children singing in her room. We watched the children diving into the water from the top board.,b. 役使动词. 表示“使”，“让”的意思。 keep sb doing 保持. leave sb doing 使处于 get sb/ sth doing让做 have sb doing 让做. set sb/ sth doing使,Well soon have you walking again. 我们会不久让你重新走起来。,I lea

8、ve the machine running all day. 我让机器整天运转着。,More examples,Step 1. People saw the police. The police were breaking the window with a hammer. （简单句）,Step 2. People saw the police who were breaking the window with a hammer. （定语从句）,Step 3. People saw the police breaking the window with a hammer. ( doing 短

9、语作宾补）,6. 状语，表时间、原因、结果、方式、 伴随 、让步、条件。,Being ill, she went home. (原因） = Because she was ill, she went home.,He lied in the sofa, watching TV.（伴随） = He lied in the sofa and he was watching TV,The trees fell, blocking the road. (结果） =The trees fell and it blocked the road.,Hearing the news, the boys jum

10、ped with joy. =When the boys heard the news, they jumped with joy.,Doing 的完成式： Having done = after sb has /had done Having finished the work, they had a rest. = After they had finished the work, they had a rest. ( having done . 完成式，表 时间）,Having eaten the meal, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs.,=After the beggar had eaten the meal, he stood on his head and sang songs.,否定式 Not doing,She stood at the table, not knowing what to do.,被动式 Being done,He never reads newspapers while walking avoid being killed by a car.,完成被动式 Having been done,Having been to