状语从句的翻译课件

1、Translation of English Adverbial Clauses Into Chinese 英语状语从句的翻译,一、时间状语从句的翻译 1.1译成与汉语完全对应 的表示时间的状语,1.We shall discuss the problem fully before we make the decision. 我们在作出决定之前要充分讨论这个问题 2. The iron should be stricken while it is hot. 趁热打铁 3. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗?,4.Whe

2、n they approached Trenton, lights were still burning in many of the houses and Christmas parties were still going on. 当他们逼近屈兰敦时, 许多房子里仍然灯火通明，圣诞晚会 还未结束。 5.我们第二次见面时，我发现她比实际年龄显得老一些了。 When we met each other for the second time, I found that she looked older than she was. 6.直到黄昏降临，他的小孩才回家。 His child did

3、not come back home until dusk set in.,12 转译为其他状语从句 英语状语从句通常可按其从属连词、连接副词或所用的引导词的含义来翻译，但有时它们的深层意义互相渗透，可以互相替换，需要转译。有些英语状语从句虽然形式上是由表示时间的引导词（如when, before, until 等）引导，但根据句子逻辑意义来判断，应灵活翻译成表因果关系的从句，或者翻译为表条件的状语从句或表目的的状语从句。,12 转译为其他状语从句 1.One must sow before one can reap. 只有播种，才能有收获。(译成汉语的必要条件复句的正句。) 也可根据汉语表达

4、习惯, 译为：一份耕耘，一份收获。 2.Before manned spacecraft could be sent to space, the problem of getting the spacecraft safely back to earth had to be solved. 为了把载人的宇宙飞船送到太空上去，就必须解决使飞船安全返回地面的问题。(译成汉语单句的目的状语),1. 3 翻译成固定句型 由 hardly (scarcely). when （before） no sooner than as soon as the moment（the instant ） just a

5、s等短语连词引导的时间状语从句翻译成汉语时, 主句与从句通常要互换, 常常译成包含“刚(一)就”这种结构的句子。同样，包含该结构的汉语句子亦应翻译成英语中相对应的 固定句式。,1. 3 翻译成固定句型 1. 我们刚到车站, 火车就开了。 Scarcely had we got to the station before the train left. 2. 计算机刚一启动，就发现有病毒。 Hardly had the computer started working when viruses were found. 3.As soon as she heard the news, she fa

6、inted. 她刚一听到这个消息, 就昏过去了。 4.They fell in love the moment they saw each other for the first time. 他们一见钟情。,1. 4译成并列分句 1.The earth turns round its axis as it travels about the sun. 地球一面绕太阳运行, 一面绕地轴自转。 2.I read a newspaper while I was waiting /. 我边等边看报。 3. I was going home when I met Mary. 我正要回家, 就在这个时候，

7、我碰到了玛丽。,所有的英语原因状语从句在汉语译文中通常位于句首，偶尔亦置于句末。汉语的原因状语从句翻译成英语时可位于译句句首，也可置于译句句末。,二、原因状语从句的翻译,21译成表示原因的分句 1. They are informal, most likely because they are always in a great hurry. 他们之所以不拘小节, 很可能是因为他们总是处于匆忙之中。 2. Because his parents had paved a good way for him, he didnt worry about it at all. 他之所以一点不急，是因为父

8、母已为他铺好了道路。 3. 既然发言人不能来，我们不得不取消这次会议。 Since the speaker cant come, well have to cancel the meeting.,2. 2 译为不带关联词、因果关系 内含的并列分句,1.Since the electrical inventions which Edison had given us were very impor-tant, we could not live without them not for one minute. 爱迪生为我们发明的各种电器太重要了，我们的生活离不 开它们一刻也离不开。 2. He

9、was not nervous at all, because he was ready. 他胸有成竹，一点不紧张。,三、条件状语从句的翻译 31 译成相对应的表条件的分句,1. If the epidemic cannot be controlled effectively, the whole country will come into chaos. 如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制, 整个国家将会 陷入一片混乱之中。 2.We wont be able to go there on foot in case it rains. 要是下雨，咱们就不能打赤脚上那儿去。 3.If I cou

10、ld relive my life, I would lead quite a different life, leaving less regrets. 如果我可以重新过日子, 我会生活得截然不同，不会留下 这么多遗憾。,32译成不含关联词、内含条件关系的句子 1. If the temperature drops to zero degree centi- grade, water freezes. 水在零摄氏度结冰。 2.If you work hard, you will succeed. 努力工作，就会成功。 3.If you melt two or more metals toge

11、ther, you can get a new metal. 将两种以上的金属熔化在一起就可产生一种新金属。,33 译成补充说明情况的分句 1. “Youll have some money by then, that is ,if you last the week out, you fool.” “到那时你该有点钱了就是说,如果你能度过这星期的话，你这傻瓜。” 2. Be respectful to your superiors, if you have any,also to strangers, and sometimes to others. 要 尊重你的上司，如果你有上司的话。对待

12、陌生人,有时还有别人,也要尊重。,3. 4 译成特定的条件分句 1.They might be prepared to trim productionbut only if they are convinced it will firm prices 它们可能准备削减产量但条件是必须先使这些产油国确信, 石油价格将保持稳定。 2. Certainly you can pass the test, but only if you study very hard. 你肯定能通过考试，但前提是你学习非常刻苦。,四、让步状语分句的翻译 41 译成表示 “让步”的分句 (1) Although ther

13、e are these cultural differences, the main engine propelling the separatist cause is economic. 尽管有文化差异，但是推动分裂主义进程的主要动力 是经济因素。 (2) Old as he is, he would rather work than sit idle. 他虽已年迈，但他宁愿工作也不愿闲着。 (3) Even though our hope for success is pretty slim, we still want to have a try. 哪怕成功的希望渺茫，我们也还要试一试。

14、,4. 2译成表 “无条件”的条件分句 汉语里有一种复句，前一分句排除某一方面的 一切条件，后一分句说出在任何条件下都会产生同 样的结果，也就是说结果的产生没有什么条件限制。 这样的复句里的前一分句，称之为 “无条件”的条件 分句，通常以whatever, wherever, whoever, when- ever, no matter wh-为引导词, 通常翻译为以 “不论” “无论” “不管” 等关联词。,(1) No matter what happens, he will go on with an indomitable will without turning back. 不管发生

15、什么事，他都将一无反顾, 勇往直前。 (2) Ill be right here waiting for you, wherever you go, and whatever you do. 无论你到哪里去，无论你做什么，我都会在这儿等你。 (3) We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others. 不论我们来自世界上的哪个国家，我们大家全都相信，我们自己的民族优于所有别的民族。,五、目的状语从句的翻译 以so that , i

16、n order that, to the end that, in case等从属短语连词引导的目的状语从句，一般译成汉语中相对应的 “为了”， “以便”， “以免”， “以防”等引导的目的状语修饰语。同样，汉语中这样的目的状语 修饰语应翻译成英语的目的状语从句。,5. 1译成表示 “目的”的后置状语 (1) Youd better take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 你最好带把伞以防下雨。 (2)Besides learning the prescribed textbooks, you are sup-posed to read more

17、 books on your subject in order that you may expand your scope of know-ledge. 为了扩大知识面，你们除了学好规定的教材之外，还应该阅读一些与专业相关的书籍。,5. 2译成表示 “目的”的前置状语 (3) The travel plan was canceled in order that the spread of SARS could be prevented. 为了防止非典的传染, 这次旅行计划给取消了。 (4) He sent a bunch of flowers each day in order that h

18、e could win her love. 为了赢得她的芳心他每天送她一束花。,5. 3灵活地译为表目的的句子 有时也可根据逻辑意义和汉语表达习惯, 将 英语目的状语从句与主句融合起来翻译， 译为表 目的的句子， 包含“其目的是”和“为的就是” 这样的词语。 (1) The UN was established in order that peace and development can be promoted. 创建联合国的目的就是要推动和平与发展。 (2) We learn from our past lessons so that history wont repeat itself.

19、 我们从过去的经历中吸取教训,为的就是不再重蹈覆辙。,六. 结果状语从句的翻译 英语和汉语的结果状语从句都位于句末，系 句子的后部分内容。 61 译成表结果的分句 (1) He had over-slept, so that he was late for work. 他睡过头了，结果上班迟到了。 (2) That girl studiedvery diligently last term so that she obtained excellent results in all the terminal exams. 那位女孩上个学期学习非常勤奋， 因此期末每门功课考试都获得优秀成绩。 (3

20、) He never played with the children so that a quarrel did not follow. 他跟孩子们玩耍，结果总是吵架。,七、方式状语从句的翻译 表示方式的状语从句通常由as, as if, as though 引导，往往位于主句之后，但在 as so结构中， as-分句通常置于主句之前。在口语中可用the way (that)引导方式状语从句。 (1) Please do exactly as your doctor says. 务请 按照医生的吩咐行事。 (2) All folk songs sound as if they come fr

21、om the heart. 所有民歌听起来宛如人们的心声。 (4) As a man sows, so so he will reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 (5) As the twig is bent, so the tree is inclined. 上梁不正下梁歪。,62 译成不含关联词但内含 因果关系的并列分句 (1) There are many factories around , as a result, the air is seriously polluted by smoke. 这周围有许多工厂，空气受到烟尘的严重污染。 (2) It was such a terrib

22、le experience that I will ne- ver forget it. 那次经历可怕至极，我永远不会忘记。 (3) Peter is such a nice boy that he is loved by everybody. 彼特是个好男孩，人人都喜爱。,从以上例句可知，英语方式状语从句的结构可 以是完整的分句，也可以是省略主语和谓语助词的 省略分句，翻译起来比较灵活简单。包含as so 结构的句子，用于书面语，其中大多是蕴涵隐喻的 谚语或习语，翻译时一般采用汉语中相对应的比喻 性谚语或习语。,八、地点状语从句的翻译 地点状语分句是表示时空关系的分句结构。英 语地点状语分句

23、可位于主句之前，亦可置于主句之 后。汉语地点状语分句通常位于主句之前。让我们 观察以下实例。 (1) Where you find high wages, you will find high prices. 哪里工资高，哪里消费就高（工资高的地方物价昂贵。） (2) Where there is clean air and water, there are people who live a long life. 哪里有洁净的空气和水，哪里的人们就长寿。,(3) Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 她不管走到哪里，总有成群的人们等待着见她。 (4) Wherever he happens to be, John