B2U5课文翻译及课后练习答案 (1)

1、Unit 1 DreamsIn-Class Reading Are You A Dreamer?你做梦吗？1 梦，我们为什么会做梦？梦有意义吗？真的有梦中所见之事成为现实这种事吗？几千年来人们对这些问题一直很感兴趣。过去几十年的科学发展使我们对睡眠的自然过程有了更多的认识，然而对于与梦有关的诸多问题依然没有最终答案，这些问题还在继续困惑着我们。2 人人都做梦只不过有些人不记得做过梦罢了。人类脑电波的记录显示我们所有人入睡后就进入做梦状态。夜晚的大部分时间我们都在做梦，但只有当我们处在REM（眼球迅速转动）睡眠阶段时醒来才会记住所做的梦。眼球迅速转动阶段便是我们做梦的时候。每晚我们有四个或五个R

2、EM睡眠阶段，第一次出现在入睡后的90分钟左右。此后，梦期每90分钟复现一次，每次持续15到45分钟，持续时间随着夜晚的深入逐渐延长。3 睡眠的主要目的（除让我们休息外）也许就是让我们做梦让我们以一种截然不同的方式回顾我们的生活、我们的忧虑和希望，以及在潜意识中观察自我，把不再需要的资料从记忆中剔除。4 有些梦可能是由简单的生理原因引起的。例如，梦到在灼热的煤块上行走很可能是由睡眠时脚太靠近取暖器引起的。而梦到想跑但两腿却动弹不了这种令人沮丧的境况，也许是被子裹得太紧的缘故。闹铃响了而依然熟睡的人则很可能会梦到门铃或电话铃响。所有这些都是潜意识和意识共同引导和启示我们的简单例子。5 不过这些从

3、生理角度进行的解释尚不足以说明为什么我们会做梦。有些人认为梦纯粹是无稽之谈，仅仅是人脑中电脉冲无的放矢的结果，然而，有些人则认为即便是最简单的梦也具有重要的含义。6 有些梦反映的内心忧虑是立即可以识别的。梦见失去工作或者没了房子，也许是反映了真实的忧虑，即便这些忧虑只是潜意识的。我们大多数人都梦见过必须参加一门很难的课程的期末考试，也许是一门从未修过的课，也许是一门学得很糟糕的课。7 但是，有一些梦并没有这样明显的含义，对它们该如何解析呢？多少世纪以来，男男女女都从所谓的解梦字典中寻找答案，这类字典最早的有可能可以追溯到公元前5000年。根据这些字典，梦见喝酒意味着短命，而梦见喝水则预示着长寿

4、。8 一直到公元200年，解梦字典受欢迎的程度仍丝毫未减。当时，古希腊的阿特米多鲁斯写了一部长达五卷的书，书中解析了3000多个梦，列举了一系列的梦符，诸如右手（表示父亲），左手（表示母亲），以及海豚（表示好兆头）。9 如今，图书馆和书店里有无数解析梦的书籍。对于那些解梦爱好者来说，它们依然深受欢迎。然而，多数专家警告说，读这些书时要非常谨慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼思桑德斯解释说：“梦与每个人的心理密切相关，因此分析往往容易出现错误和偏差。我认为，只有当你了解做某个梦的人时，才能发现这个梦的真正含义。”After-Class Reading 成为现实的梦1 1965 年11月7 日的晚上，玛丽都

5、特瑞做了一个噩梦。她忘不了那个梦，她的丈夫乔治也忘不了。她是这么讲述自己的梦的：“我梦见夜里自己在一座山上，电闪雷鸣，然后我看见天上一道亮光，一声巨大的撞击声后，我听到四处都是尖叫声。”2 玛丽说，她随后看见地上有一只手。她感到有些害怕，但还是走上前去。然后她看见了一只胳膊，胳膊的那头是些尸体碎块。她说在梦里她尖叫起来：“快来人哪！”然后她看见一些人抬着一个大柳条筐，他们把尸体放进筐里后就走了。3 玛丽惊醒时还在叫喊着。“玛丽！”乔治俯下身，推推她。“怎么了？”他问。4 玛丽告诉他：“我刚才梦见你飞机失事死了。噢，乔治，求求你不要坐那趟去辛辛那提的航班。”5 玛丽求他不要去，但是乔治不听她的劝

6、阻。然而，在开车去机场的路上，乔治开始感到有点不对头。接着他看见一架飞机从头顶飞过，心慌得怦怦直跳。于是他明白自己不能坐那趟飞机了。他给机场打电话，取消了机票。然后他给玛丽打电话，接着乘火车去了辛辛那提。6 那天晚上，383 次航班试图在辛辛那提降落时遇上了暴风雨，飞机撞上了一座山。玛丽在电视上看到了有关的新闻报道，那情形就同她梦见的一模一样。她看见人们拿筐子运走了尸体。但是她知道乔治没事。因为有了她那个梦的预兆，乔治才得以安然无恙。7 约翰布拉德利也做过类似的梦。他住在英格兰，是一位教师。他还是一位博物学家，喜欢带班上的学生进行校外考察旅行，了解大自然。8 一天晚上，他做了一个梦。这是在他安

7、排好的一次校外考察旅行之前一个星期发生的事。他梦见自己领着班上的学生走在一条乡间的小路上，路边就是教堂墓地。9 在梦里，布拉德利让两个男孩带队穿过教堂墓地。他自己走在队伍的末尾，以便让小一些的孩子保持前进。然而，就在他们穿过教堂墓地的时候，布拉德利感到地面在震动，接着他听见了巨大的断裂声。然后，有个黑乎乎的庞然大物朝他砸了过来。那是一棵巨大的榆树，正好砸在这队孩子们的头顶上。10 这个梦使布拉德利非常不安，他觉得应该取消这次外出。他把这个梦告诉了班上的学生，但是他们都觉得他很可笑，而且都不愿意取消这次旅行。甚至其他老师也笑话他，跟他说不应该让孩子们扫兴。于是布拉德利同意出行。“但是你们必须答应

8、我，”他跟他们讲，“往哪儿走你们只能听我的。”11 于是，他们出发了。当他们走到那条小路时，布拉德利不让孩子们绕道穿过教堂墓地。有些孩子觉得这样做很蠢，不过他们还是按老师说的做了。12 走到小路的尽头，他们面前是一座跨河的桥。年纪大一些的男孩子停下来问道：“老师，我们应该走哪条道？过河呢，还是走沿河的小路？”13 布拉德利停住脚步。他对那条小路有一种古怪的感觉。“过桥，”他告诉他们。于是孩子们开始过桥。接着，布拉德利听到了可怕的断裂声，同自己在梦中听到的完全一样。他回头一看，只见就在那条小路边上，一棵巨大的榆树摇摇晃晃，倒在了地上。他的预感应验了。孩子们面面相觑，然后看着自己的老师。如果刚才他

9、们走那条小路的话，那么此刻他们就正好在那棵榆树倒下来的位置。课内阅读练习答案 Part One Preparation1. BrainstormingSampleSleepwalking, also known as somnambulism (梦游症), is a sleep disorder. Sleepwalkers arise from the slow-wave sleep stage in a state of low consciousness and perform activities that are usually performed during a state of

10、full consciousness, such as sitting up in bed, walking to the bathroom, cleaning, etc. which may involve no harm or danger. Those who work with dreams of these sorts take the position that a dream may have a variety of meanings, depending on the levels that are being explored.Nightmare refers to a v

11、ery frightening dream. It may also refer to unpleasant experiences.Recurring dreams refer to dreams people have from time to time. Dream catcher is a handmade object based on a willow hoop, on which is woven a loose net or web decorated with personal and sacred items such as feathers and beads. Orig

12、inated in the culture of Ojibwa, one of the largestgroups of Native Americans, a dream catcher is believed to be able to change a persons dreams. Hung above the bed, it is traditionally used as a charm to protect sleeping children from nightmares.When it comes to the interpretation of dreams, the mo

13、st well-known might be The Interpretation of Dreams, a book written by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. The book introduces Freuds theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation. In the book, he first demonstrates a psychological technique which makes it possible to interpret drea

14、ms. With the application of this technique, every dream will reveal itself as a psychological structure, full of significance, and one which may be assigned to a specific place in the psychic activities of the waking state. Further, he tries to explain the processes underlying the strangeness and ob

15、scurity of dreams, and to deduce from these processes the nature of the psychic forces whose conflict or cooperation is responsible for dreams.Freuds view was that dreams were all forms of “wish fulfillment”, which means that the unconscious makes attempts to resolve a conflict of some sort. However

16、, because the information in the unconscious is in an unruly and often disturbing form, a “censor” in the preconscious will not allow it to pass unaltered into the conscious. According to Freud, images in dreams are often not what they appear to be, and need deeper interpretation if they are to info

17、rm us of the structures of the unconscious.2. A Dream PollSample I dont think dreams can predict the future. I never take dreams seriously. To me, dreams are just meaningless nonsense. If someone claims that what they dreamed came true, it was only a coincidence. Dreams can make me feel good. After

18、a good nights sleep and some sweet dreams, I feel happy and full of energy when I wake up in the morning. But of course, I dont like terrible dreams which make me very tired.3. Talking About Your DreamsSampleA: How often do you dream?B: I dream almost every night.A: What sort of dreams do you have?

19、Are they connected to your daily life?B: Yes, I always dream about things that are connected to my daily life. For example, after I play computer games for a long time, I dream of playing computer games. Sometimes, I cant find a book, but then I dream that I have found it.A: Do you have recurring dr

20、eams?B: Yes, I often dream of having to take an exam I havent prepared for.A: Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams? Do you have any satisfactory explanations for your dreams?B: I am curious about the meanings of my dreams, but I cant come up with any explanations.A: Why do you th

21、ink people dream?B: Its hard to say. However, as a Chinese saying goes, “We think of something during the day, and we dream of it during the night.” I think when the body is at rest, the mind, probably a part of the brain, continues to work. That may be the reason why we dream.Part Two Reading-Cente

22、red ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingPost-ReadingReading Comprehension1. I Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (Para. 1)II Dreaming and sleeping (Paras. 2-3)i Dreaming occurs when we are in a REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep.ii The main purposes of sleeping may be to allow us

23、 to rest and to dream.III Possible causes of dreams (Paras. 4-6)i Physiological causeExample: Sleeping with ones feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.ii Reflection of inner fearsExample: Worrying about losing ones job may cause one to dream of losing ones job.IV

24、Dream interpretations (Paras. 7-9)i The earliest dream dictionaries indicated that drinking wine predicted a short life and drinking water meant a long life.ii Artemidorus dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen).iii Most experts warn that

25、 dream interpretations should be read with care.2. 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 F 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 F 10 F3. Sample I agree with Kenneth Saunders opinion. First, different people have different personalities, social backgrounds and experiences. Since dreams are kinds of subjective activities in ones brain, differe

26、nt people may see the world in different ways. Second, I think to some extent, dreams are closely related to real life. So, you are likely to make mistakes if you try to interpret someones dreams without knowing what exactly the person has experienced. I think it is possible to analyze a dream witho

27、ut knowing the dreamer. If we share the same language, culture and physical environment, we would have a lot in common, at least, for example, the nature of human beings. Of course, people have different ways of thinking, but it doesnt mean we cant understand each other. Im very interested in learni

28、ng about dreams and ways of interpreting dreams.Vocabulary11 explanation 2 enthusiasts 3 frustrating 4 popularity5 unconscious 6 electric / electrical 7 movements 8 recognizable9 interpretation 10 countless21 asleep 2 sleepless 3 sleep 4 sleepy 5 asleep6 slept 7 sleeping, sleep 8 sleeper 9 sleep 10

29、overslept31 submerged: go below the surface of the sea, river or lake（使）浸没，淹没2 subculture: the behavior, practices, etc. associated with a group within a society 亚文化3 submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water 潜水艇4 subway: the passage under ground along which pedestrians can pass

30、 地下通道5 subzero: (of temperatures) below zero 零度以下的6 Subtropical: belonging to or relating to parts of the world that have warm and humid weather副热带的，亚热带的7 subspecies: a subdivision of a species（物种的）亚种8 subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence 低于正常标准的9 subdivided:

31、divide the parts of sth. that has already been divided 再分，重分10 subtitles: words shown at the bottom of a film or television picture to explain what is being said 4mislead nonstop unprepared misunderstanding non-verbal non-existent nonprofit uncommon unfamiliarity uncover1 uncovered 2 misunderstandin

32、g 3 nonprofit 4 unprepared 5 uncommon6 non-verbal 7 nonstop 8 misled 9 non-existent 10 unfamiliarity51 progressed 2 puzzled 3 process 4 reflected 5 predict6 advances 7 symbol 8 conscious / aware 9 inner 10 modeTranslation1 You will see that what I am saying now will come true.2 When young people rem

33、ain single, they are open to pressure from other people.3 The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.4 His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.5 The tour guide said that some castles date back to the 13th century.6 She has never done

34、anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for her.Part Three Further Development1. Grammar Review1 having ever had a chance / having ever been given a chance2 to lock her door3 visiting only once a month4 to stay in full-time education5 to phone you6 trying to escape7 to put thei

35、r needs first8 reading9 to build / building the house10 to be so rude to him2. Vocabulary Review1 A natural: not involving anything made by people 天然的，自然的B neutral: a neutral color is not very strong or bright 暗淡的，不鲜艳的C natural: to be expected; usual 合乎情理的，惯常的D neutral: not supporting any of the peo

36、ple or groups involved in an argument ordisagreement 中立的，不偏不倚的2A shattered: (cause to) break suddenly into very small pieces （使）粉碎B crashing: hit sth. or sb. extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damageor makes a lot of noise 撞击C crack: (cause to) break without dividing into sep

37、arate parts（使）开裂D crash: an accident in which a vehicle violently hits sth. else 碰撞3 A ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time, or very old 古代的，远古的，古老的B early: near the beginning of a period of time 早期的，初期的C previous: happening or existing before the one mentioned 先前的

38、，以前的D ancient: (informal) when you say “sth. is ancient history”, you mean it happened long timeago and is not important now 从前的（事）4A sign: an event, fact, etc. which shows that sth. exists or is happening 迹象，征兆B symbol: a shape or design that is used to represent sth. such as an idea 象征C signal: a

39、sound or action that you make in order to give information to sb. or tell them todo sth. 信号D signs / symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent sth. 符号，记号5 A view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place 视野B vision: ability to see; eyesight 视力C vision: an imagined mental pictur

40、e of sth. 想象，幻想D outlook: your general attitude toward life and the world（ 对生活、世界的）观点，见解E view: personal opinion or attitude 观点，看法6 A errors / mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment 错误，失误B fault: if sth. bad that has happened is your fault, you should be blamed for it

41、过错C error: a moral wrong 道德上的错误D fault: sth. that is wrong with a machine, system, design, etc, which prevents it from workingproperly 故障E mistake: “by mistake” is a fixed phrase, if you do sth. by mistake, you do it withoutintending to 错误地（并非故意）7 A confused: unable to think clearly 被弄糊涂的B confusing

42、: difficult to understand; puzzling 令人迷惑的C confusion: a situation in which sb. wrongly thinks that a person or thing is sb.or sth. 混淆D confuse: mistake one person or thing for another 混淆8 A conscious: noticing the existence or presence of sth. particular 意识到的，知道的B unconscious: in the state of having

43、 lost consciousness 失去知觉的C subconscious: present at a hidden level of the mind 潜意识的，下意识的D consciousness: the state of being awake, thinking and aware of what is happening aroundyou 意识，神志清醒3. Interpreting DreamsSample1 Her dream tells her that she would feel the same about herself as she does about t

44、he sow if she did not control her eating. The dream reflects her inner conflicts between two desires: to be on diet and to indulge herself. Subconsciously the former seems to take the upper hand over the latter.2 It seems that Sara is still in love with her ex-boyfriend, although she thinks she has

45、got over him. Now that he has a new girlfriend, she is quite conscious that she has lost him for good. The death of her ex-boyfriend is an indication of her determination of forgetting him and starting a new life. The symbol of the car accident is a good omen, implying good health of her ex.3 The po

46、or condition of the car is an indication of poor health, poor academic or business performance. Falling down a cliff means Peter was riding in a wrong direction and failed to end up well. In this context, the dream is suggesting that Peter was doing something dangerous, and he had troubles either ph

47、ysically or academically.4. Describing a DreamSampleOne night, I woke up from a dream to check my watch. It said 1:00 pm and it was very bright outside. I was very scared since that morning was my first day of school for the new semester, andI was supposed to wake up before 7:00 am. Oversleeping to

48、1:00 pm would have been terrible! I tried to get up and get out of bed. But I was unable to. instead, I went back to sleep again, and continued with my dream.Finally, I woke up and checked my watch. It was only 5:00 am, two hours before the time for me to get up for class. It was still dark outside.

49、 Not until then did I realize that the earlier checking of my watch had happened in a dream.Additional activity1. Remembering Your DreamsSTEP ONEIn a short paragraph, write down the details of a dream that you once had. If you cant remember a dream, invent one.STEP TWOTell your dream to your partner

50、. When you have finished, check whether other classmates can remember all the details. Your partner uses a question tag and you use short answers.Example:Partner: In your dream you were eating a giant ice-cream, werent you?You: Yes, I was.Partner: Suddenly it began to melt, didnt it?You: Yes, it did

51、.2. Four Kinds of DreamsSTEP ONEProvide the features of the four categories that dreams usually fall into.1 Daily Processing: Most dreams fall in the realm of “daily processing”, clearing the garbage from our mindsdumping input from the day thats no longer needed. We dont remember most of these drea

52、ms, and those we do remember can usually be easily related to our lives.2 Problem-solving: “Problem-solving” dreams are just what you might thinkyour subconscious knows allit knows your problems and it knows how to solve them. If the subconscious thinks its solution is important enough, up pops a pr

53、oblem-solving dream. We dont always remember these dreams, but our conscious mind does and acts on them directly and, like our daily processing dreams, we can normally interpret them for ourselves.3 Psychological: For most of us, these dreams are about our relationships, past sufferings, our fears a

54、nd anxieties, guilt and resentment. In these “psychological dreams”, were not solving a problem or making a decision, were simply facing something about ourselves or our current situation thats probably been holding us back. Some of these dreams, especially those that are repetitive, require interpr

55、etation. Some repetitive dreams may first be defined as psychological in nature, but are actually indicative of physical problems that require medical attention.4 Precognitive: “Precognitive” dreams deliver psychic information. You dream about a friend and then see them the next day, or you dream your sister is pregnant and she is! For most of us, precognitive dreams arent so obvious because our ego shadows our psychic information with symbols. Precognitive dreams can often be identified by their quality: The light is strange, or you clearly feel that youre in another dimension. O