福建省晋江市首峰中学高考英语专题复习 构词法课件

1、运用构词法， 增加英语词汇量,意义,英语单词虽然难学、难记，但它们一般是有规律可寻，这种规律被称之为构词法。英语构词法是英语词汇学的重要组成部分，它揭示了词汇的构成方式，是学习词汇、迅速扩大词汇量的十分有效的方法。如果我们从构词法入手，了解和掌握英语词汇的基本构成方式，就可以使词汇学习变得简单、高效，从而迅速扩大词汇量就可以成为一种可能。,One year ago, when Fiona turned four, Sam and I decided to home-school her instead of sending her to pre-school. （1）school 从名词“学校

2、” 转化为动词“教育某人”。,（2）同时school与home 构成合成一个单词，意为“以家庭的方式教育某人”，“在家里教育某人”。这是“名词+动词=合成动词”。,（3）pre-school是由前缀“pre-”（表示“先于，在之前”的意思）加词根school而构成的派生词，所以它的中文意义是指 “幼儿园”。,构词法,1. 合成法,2. 转化法,3. 派生法,4. 缩略法,由词根加前缀或后缀构成新词。,一、派生法,否 定 前 缀,un- dis- in- im- mis- non-,understand polite smoker agree fair visible,一些重要的前缀：,1. r

3、e- 再 retell, remarry, review 2. mini- 微型的 minibus, miniskirt 3. tele- 远的 telescope, telephone 4. mid- 中间 midnight, mid-autumn 5. en- 使 enlarge, enrich, ensure 6. fore- 在前面 foresee，forecast 7. pre- 提前，预先 preview，prepay,一些重要的后缀：,1. 表示人的有：-er, -or, -an, -ress, -ist 如：cleaner, driver, inventor, professo

4、r, Asian, Russian, hostess, actress, artist, scientist ,2. 表示名词的后缀有：-ment, -tion, -sion, -al, -ance, -th, -ness, -dom 如：agreement, development, celebration, competition, arrival, proposal, importance, confidence, truth, length, happiness, darkness, freedom, wisdom,3. 表示形容词后缀的有： -ful, -ble, -al, -les

5、s, -ly, -ous, -y, -ern, -en 如：useful, hopeful, comfortable, enjoyable, natural, musical, careless, hopeless, homeless, friendly, weekly, lovely, famous, dangerous, cloudy, windy, eastern, western, woolen, wooden,4.表示副词后缀的有：-ly 如：excitedly, finally, slowly, surprisingly ,1. Is it difficult for you to

6、 get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep? 睡过头,2. Reading can _ your life. (rich),enrich,二、合成法 把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。用这种方法可以合成名词、形容词、代词、副词和动词等等。,waiting-room kind-hearted anyone upstairs overweight,For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.,生死攸关的,三、转化法 由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词

7、。 Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦，除非麻烦来找你。,hand n. /v. look v. / n. empty adj. /v. gold n. / adj. before prep. / conj.,四、缩略法,DV Digital Video,SOS Save Our Ship,VIP Very Important Person,练一练： 一、指出下面划线单词的词类及意义。,1. Every morning we get water from the well and water the young pl

8、ants well. 2. The lessons last from one to three, and the last lesson is English.,3. I must work hard so that I may finish the hard work by August. 4. He wrote those words slowly, “ Drive slow!”,二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。,1. You must do the exercises _ (care).,carefully,2. A business cant run well without good _ (manage). 3. He was so _ (kindness) that he gave me many storybooks.,management,kind,三、选择划线部分中的单词的意义。,（ ）1. Dont listen to his nonsense. A. foolish talk or meaningless words B. beautiful words C. clever talk or meaningful words,A,( ) 2. He misunderstood me. A. understood ri