外研小学起点版八年级上册英语语法复习

1、八年级上册语法复习,1、一般过去时态 2、现在完成时态 3、过去进行时态 4、反意疑问句 5、动词不定式,课时：3个标准课,一般过去时,规则动词过去式 的构成规则,用法,各种句式结构,时间状语,要求：四人小组分工合作完成！,行为动词的一般过去时,过去式的构成规则,“直”,一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed. 如：wantwanted,“去”,以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed.如：hopehoped,“双”,重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母 再加-ed.如：stopstopped,“改”,以辅音字母+y结尾的动词改y为i，再加-ed.如：studystudied,注意：不规则动词

2、变化，要逐一熟记。,2实义动词过去式的句式。 肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。 如：They had a good time yesterday. 否定式：主语+did not（didnt）+动词原形+其它。 如：They didnt watch TV last night. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语+did. 否定回答：No，主语+didnt. 如：Did they have a meeting two days ago？ Yes，they did. / No，they didnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 如：Wha

3、t time did you finish your homework？,3一般过去时的用法： a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。 My father worked in Shanghai last year. b.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与often，always等 表示频度的时间状语连用。 I often went to school on foot. c.与when等连词引导的状语从句连用。 When he got home，he had a short rest. 4一般过去时的时间状语： a moment ago（刚才），yesterday morning，last

4、night/ week，the day before yesterday（前天），just now（刚才），in 2006, three days ago等,用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. I _ ( go) to school yesterday. 2. She_ ( play ) football last week. 3. Look! Jack _ ( sing ) now. 4.You_(read)the new paper the day before yesterday. 5. I _ ( see ) Jack in the zoo last weekend. 6. I _ (do

5、) my homework last night 7.She _(open)the mailbox the day after tomorrow. 8. I _ ( help ) the little baby drink the milk the next morning. 9. The farmers _ (work) on the farm next week. 10. My parents_ ( watch) TV last Monday.,went,played,is singing,read,saw,did,will open,will help,will work,watched

6、,句型转换 1. I went to the party last Friday. （改为一般疑问句） _ you _ to the party last Friday? 2. I had a nice time last Sunday. （改为一般疑问句） _ you _ nice time last Sunday? 3. We went to London two years ago. （对划线部分提问） _ _ you_ to London? 4. He did his homework in the morning. （改为否定句） He_ _ his homework in the

7、morning.,Did,go,Did,have,When,did,go,didnt,do,现在完成时,规则动词过去分词 的构成规则,用法,各种句式结构,时间标志词,谓语构成,要求：六人小组合作完成,谓语构成：,助动词have / has +动词的过去分词,用法,（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 常与already (已经), ever (曾经),yet ,just (刚刚), before (以前) 等词连用。,（2）表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在， 常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。,标志词,（1）just，never， ever， already， yet等,（2

8、）for 一段时间；since点时间或 引导时间状语从句（一 般多为过去时）,（3）so far(到目前为止)； in the past/last表示一段时间的词语,现在完成时态,现在完成时态,各种句式结构,肯定式：,主语+have/has+过去分词+其他,否定式：,主语+havent/hasnt+过去分词+其他,一般疑问句：,Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？,特殊疑问句：,疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？,I have lived here for ten years.,Lucy has lived here since 2001.,They havent had b

9、reakfast yet.,Have you ever been to Beijing?,How long has he lived here?,1、see 2、hear 3、study 4、stop 5、write 6、teach 7、catch 8、go 9、play 10、live 11、make 12、forget,写出下列动词的过去分词形式:,seen,heard,studied,stopped,written,taught,caught,gone,played,lived,made,forgotten,(一)考查现在完成时的一般用法 ( )1Kitty, will you go t

10、o see the film Cold Mountain this evening? No，I wontI_it already Asaw Bhave seen Csee Dwill see ( )2.Gone with the Wind is a wellknown novelShe_ it twice Aread Bis reading Creads Dhas read ( )3How long_ you_ here? For about two years so far A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. have changed,A

11、,B,D,（二）考查非延续性动词与一段时间连用的表达方式 ( )1OhMrsking, your dress looks nice Is it new? No，I_ it since two years ago. Ahad Bhave had Cbought Dhave bought ( )2Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend He_it for a week Ahas borrowed B.has lent C.has kept Dlend ( )3.The students are sorry to hear that the famo

12、us singer_for half an hour Ahas left Bhas gone C. has been away D. has gone away,B,C,C,(三)考查havehas been to，havehas gone to与havehas been in的区别 ( )1Wheres your father? He_ ShanghaiHell be back next week Ahas gone to Bhas been to Chave gone to Dhave been to ( )2Where is David? He_to England on busines

13、s Ais going Bhas gone Chas been Dgoes ( )3._ you ever_ to the United States? -Yes, twice AHave; gone BHave; been CDo；go DWere; going,A,B,B,(四)考查for与since接时间状语时的区别 ( )1What a nice dog! How long have you had it? -_two years AFor BSince C. In ( )2Miss Gao has taught in this school_ 1993 A. for Bat Cin

14、Dsince (五)考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 ( )1-He has already gone to England -When_ he_ there? Awill; go Bis; going Cdid; go Dhas; gone ( )2Have you read this book?yes, I_it two weeks ago. Aam reading Bhave read Cwill read Dread,A,D,C,D,(六)现在完成时在特定语境下的使用 ( )1Helen，I told you to do your home-work as carefully as y

15、ou can? Yes，but Ifewer mistakes than I usually do Awas making Bhave made Cwill make Dhad made ( )2Has the match started? Started? Finished！Guo Yue_ Ais winning Bwins Cwill win Dhas won ( )3. Xiao Wang_ English for thirteen years. So he can speak quite good English. A. had learned B. has learned C. w

16、ill be learning D. learns,B,D,B,( )4. The film_for half an hour. A. has begun B. has been begun C. has been on D. began ( )5. You dont have to describe her. I_her several times. A. had met B. have met C. meet D. met ( )6. Miss Yang is not at home. She_to the school library. A. went B. has been C. go

17、es D. has gone ( )7. He has never visited the Great Hall of the People._? A. hasnt he B. has he C. does he D. doesnt he,B,C,D,B,过去进行时,现在分词V-ing 构成规则,用法,各种句式结构,时间状语,谓语构成,六人小组合作完成：,过去进行时:,谓语构成:,was/were+ 现在分词V-ing,用法：,表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作 或存在的状态,时间状语：,at this time yesterday（昨天这个时候） at that time last week

18、（上周那个时候） at nine yesterday evening（昨晚九点时） from seven to ten last night（昨晚从七点到十点）等， when或while引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句。,I was reading a newspaper when he came in 他进来时，我正在看报。 While I was walking home, I met Mr Green. 我步行回家时遇到了格林先生. My father was reading a newspaper while my mother was cooking. 妈妈做饭时爸爸在看报。 注：wh

19、ile 引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句，两个过去进行时并用，表示动作同时发生。,过去进行时:,各种句式结构,肯定式：,否定式：,He was sleeping when she arrived. 她到达时他正在睡觉。,They werent planting trees at nine yesterday . 昨天早上九点他们不在植树。,一般疑问句：,WasWere+主语+v-ing +其它?,主语+was/ were +v-ing +其它,主语+ waswere not +v- ing+其它,Was he playing football when you rang me?你打电话给我时他正

20、在踢足球吗?,特殊疑问句:,疑问词+waswere+主语+v -ing +其它?,What was Peter doing at this time last week? 上周这个时候彼特在于什么?,用was/were填空:,1、I listening to the music. 2、She playing the piano. 3、They looking at the flowers. 4、We having a picnic. 5、Lingling watching TV. 6、Two boys reading book. 7、Your uncle and auntvisiting th

21、e Great Wall. 8、Everyonehaving lunch. 9、People working on the farm. 10、Some women singing pop music.,was,was,was,was,were,were,were,were,were,were,用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.You_ (have) a meeting at 9 last Monday morning 2.They_ (play)football when I passed 3.She_ (take)a walk when we had a talk 4._they _ (try

22、)to draw horses on the blackboard when the teacher came in? 5. The students _ (1isten)to the teacher carefully while he was teaching 。,were having,were playing,was taking,Were,trying,were listening,反意疑问句,意义,概念,回答,规律,构成,当我们陈述一个事实， 而又不是很有把握， 就可以在陈述句后加 一 个简短问句，称为 反意疑问句。, , 对吧/是吧?,陈述句+简短问句 助动词/系动词be/情态动

23、词 +主语（代词）,陈述句是肯定的， 简短问句用否定形式； 而陈述句是否定的， 简短问句就用肯定形式； （前肯后否，前否后肯）,按事实回答,反意疑问句语法归纳:,二、祈使句用于反意疑问句中 这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。 句型1:Lets+动词原形+其它，shall we? 例：Lets go for a walk, shall we? 而 Let us go for a walk, will you? 句型2:其它形式的祈使句，will you? Come into the classroom, will you? Please be careful, will

24、you? Dont panic,will you?,注意：There be句型 1There is an old picture on the wall, isnt there? 2. There arent any children in the room, are there? 3.There wasnt a telephone call for me, was there? 4There were enough people to pick apples, werent there? 5There will be a basketball match tomorrow, wont the

25、re?, 值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上not），而是用上了“never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody”等表否定意义的词，后半部分应用肯定疑问式。 You have never been to Beijing, have you? Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? There is little milk in the bottle, is there? He could do nothing, could he?,完成下列反意疑问句： 1. Mary listened to pop

26、 music,_ _? 2. He has never been to Shanghai_ _? 3.He has few friends at school,_ _? 4.The music sounds beautiful,_ _? 5.You cant dance to jazz,_ _? 6.They werent at the concert,_ _? 7.Lets stop writing,_ _? 8.Dont be late,_ _?,didnt she,has he,does he,doesnt it,can you,were there,shall we,will you,

27、动词不定式 动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to+动词原形，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点： 1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。 2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。,一、动词不定式作主语 ( ) 1. Its hard for us _English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning

28、 ( )2. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to 简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +名词短语(for sb)to d

29、o sth.,C,D,句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(2)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。,二、动词不定式作宾语 ( )1. He wants _ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys ( )2. Dont forget _ your homework wit

30、h you when you come to school. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking ( )3. He found it very difficult _. A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep 简析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的

31、不定式放到后面。,C,A,D,三、动词不定式作宾语补足语 ( )1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with ( )2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food. A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked 简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定

32、式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow 等。,B,C,四、动词不定式作状语 ( )1. She went _ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing ( )2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns 简析go， come， try， do / try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定

33、式作目的状语。,A,C,( )3. Im sorry _ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear ( )4. Im sorry _ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled ( )5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets 简析be +形容词+ to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。,C,B,A,五、动词不定式作定语 ( )1. Would y

34、ou like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks ( )2. I have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do ( )3. He is not an easy man _. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with 简析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及

35、物动词。,C,D,D,六、不带to的动词不定式 ( )1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered ( )2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel ( )3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better_. A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up,B,D,C,简析1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定