2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析

1、2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonlivinginthevirtualworld.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenpeoplespendmoreandmoretimeinthevirtualworldinsteadofinteractingintherealworld.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words。SectionAQuestions

2、1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)TheprojectthemanmanagedatCucinTech. B)TheupdatingoftechnologyatCucinTech. C)Themansswitchtoanewcareer. D)Therestructuringofhercompany.2. A)Talentedpersonnel. B)Strategicinnovation. C)Competitiveproducts. D)Effectivepromotion.3. A)Expandthemarket. B)R

3、ecruitmoretalents. C)Innovateconstantly. D)Watchoutforhiscompetitors.4. A)Possiblebankruptcy. B)Unforeseendifficulties. C)Conflictswithinthecompany. D)Imitationbyonescompetitors.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5. A)Thejobofaninterpreter. B)Thestressfeltbyprofessionals. C)Theim

4、portanceoflanguageproficiency. D)Thebestwaytoeffectivecommunication.6. A)Promising. B)Admirable. C)Rewarding. D)Meaningful.7. A)Theyallhaveastronginterestinlanguage. B)Theyallhaveprofessionalqualifications. C)Theyhaveallpassedlanguageproficiencytests. D)Theyhaveallstudiedcross-culturaldifferences.8.

5、 A)Itrequiresamuchlargervocabulary. B)Itattachesmoreimportancetoaccuracy. C)Itismorestressfulthansimultaneousinterpreting. D)Itputsoneslong-termmemoryundermorestress.SectionBPassageOneQuestions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9. A)Itmightaffectmothershealth. B)Itmightdisturbinfantssleep. C)

6、Itmightincreasetheriskofinfants,death. D)Itmightincreasemothersmentaldistress.10. A)Motherswhobreast-feedtheirbabieshaveahardertimefallingasleep. B)Motherswhosleepwiththeirbabiesneedalittlemoresleepeachnight. C)Sleepingpatternsofmothersgreatlyaffecttheirnewbornbabieshealth. D)Sleepingwithinfantsinth

7、esameroomhasanegativeimpactonmothers.11. A)Changetheirsleeppatternstoadapttotheirnewbornbabies. B)Sleepinthesameroombutnotinthesamebedastheirbabies. C)Sleepinthesamehousebutnotinthesameroomastheirbabies. D)Takeprecautionstoreducetheriskofsuddeninfantdeathsyndrome.PassageTwoQuestions12to15arebasedont

8、hepassageyouhavejustheard.12. A)AlotofnativelanguageshavealreadydiedoutintheUS. B)TheUSranksfirstinthenumberofendangeredlanguages. C)TheeffortstopreserveIndianlanguageshaveprovedfruitless. D)MoremoneyisneededtorecordthenativelanguagesintheUS.13. A)Tosetupmorelanguageschools. B)Todocumentendangeredla

9、nguages. C)ToeducatenativeAmericanchildren. D)TorevitaliseAmericasnativelanguages.14. A)TheUSgovemmentspolicyofAmericanisingIndianchildren. B)ThefailureofAmericanIndianlanguagestogainanofficialstatus. C)TheUSgovernmentsunwillingnesstospendmoneyeducatingIndians. D)Thelong-timeisolationofAmericanIndia

10、nsfromtheoutsideworld.15. A)Itisbeingutilisedtoteachnativelanguages.B)Ittellstraditionalstoriesduringfamilytime. C)Itspeedsuptheextinctionofnativelanguages. D)Itiswidelyusedinlanguageimmersionschools. SectionC RecordingOneQuestions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Itpaysthemuptohalfo

11、ftheirpreviouswageswhiletheylookforwork.B)Itcoverstheirmortgagepaymentsandmedicalexpensesfor99weeks.C)Itpaystheirlivingexpensesuntiltheyfindemploymentagain.D)Itprovidesthemwiththebasicnecessitiesofeverydaylife.17. A)Creatingjobsforthehugearmyofunemployedworkers. B)Providingtrainingandguidanceforunem

12、ployedworkers. C)Convincinglocallawmakerstoextendunemploymentbenefits. D)Raisingfundstohelpthosehavingnounemploymentinsurance.18. A)Toofferthemloanstheyneedtostarttheirownbusinesses. B)Toallowthemtopostponetheirmonthlymortgagepayments. C)Tocreatemorejobsbyencouragingprivateinvestmentsinlocalcompanie

13、s. D)Toencouragebigbusinessestohirebackworkerswithgovernmentsubsidies.RecordingTwoQuestions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19. A)Theymeasuredthedepthsofseawater. B)Theyanalyzedthewatercontent. C)Theyexploredtheoceanfloor. D)Theyinvestigatedtheice.20. A)Eightypercentoftheicedisappearsins

14、ummertime. B)Mostoftheicewasaccumulatedoverthepastcenturies. C)Theiceensuresthesurvivalofmanyendangeredspecies. D)Theicedecreaseismoreevidentthanpreviouslythought.21. A)Arcticiceisamajorsourceoftheworldsfreshwater. B)ThemeltingArcticicehasdrownedmanycoastalcities. C)ThedeclineofArcticiceisirreversib

15、le. D)Arcticiceisessentialtohumansurvival.22. A)Itwilldoalotofharmtomankind. B)Thereisnoeasywaytounderstandit. C)Itwilladvancenucleartechnology. D)Thereisnoeasytechnologicalsolutiontoit.RecordingThreeQuestions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)ThereasonwhyNewZealandchildrenseemtohaveb

16、etterself-control.B)Therelationbetweenchildrensself-controlandtheirfuturesuccess.C)Thehealthproblemsofchildrenraisedbyasingleparent.D)Thedecidingfactorinchildrensacademicperformance.24. A)Childrenraisedbysingleparentswillhaveahardtimeintheirthirties. B)Thosewithacriminalrecordmostlycomefromsinglepar

17、entfamilies. C)Parentsmustlearntoexerciseself-controlinfrontoftheirchildren. D)Lackofself-controlinparentsisadisadvantagefortheirchildren.25. A)Self-controlcanbeimprovedthrougheducation. B)Self-controlcanimproveonesfinancialsituation.C)Self-controlproblemsmaybedetectedearlyinchildren.D)Self-controlp

18、roblemswilldiminishasonegrowsup.SectionATheroboticsrevolutionissettobringhumansfacetofacewithanoldfear-man-madecreationsassmartandcapableaswearebutwithoutamoralcompass.Asrobotstakeonevermorecomplexroles,thequestionnaturally26_:Whowillberesponsiblewhentheydosomethingwrong?Manufacturers?Users?Software

19、writers?Theanswerdependsontherobot.Robotsalreadysaveustime,moneyandenergy.Inthefuture,theywillimproveourhealthcare,socialwelfareandstandardofliving.The27_ofcomputationalpowerandengineeringadvanceswill28_enablelower-costin-homecareforthedisabled,29_useofdriverlesscarsthatmayreducedrunk-anddistracted-

20、drivingaccidentsandcountlesshomeandservice-industryusesforrobots,fromstreetcleaningtofoodpreparation.Butthereare30_tobeproblems.Robotcarswillcrash.Adrone(遥控飞行器)operatorwill31_someonesprivacy.Aroboticlawnmowerwillrunoveraneighborscat.Juriessympathetictothe32_ofmachineswillpunishentrepreneurswithcompa

21、ny-crushing33_anddamages.Whatshouldgovernmentsdotoprotectpeoplewhile34_spaceforinnovation?Big,complicatedsystemsonwhichmuchpublicsafetydepends,likedriverlesscars,shouldbebuilt,35_andsoldbymanufacturerswhotakeresponsibilityforensuringsafetyandareliableforaccidents.Governmentsshouldsetsafetyrequiremen

22、tsandthenletinsurerspricetheriskoftherobotsbasedonthemanufacturersdrivingrecord,notthepassengers.A. Arises B.ascends C.bound D.combination E.Definite F.eventually G.interfere H.Invade I.Manifesting J.penalties K.preserving L.programmed M.proximately N.victims O.widespreadSectionBReformandMedicalCost

23、sAAmericansaredeeplyconcernedabouttherelentlessriseinhealthcarecostsandhealthinsurancepremiums.Theyneedtoknowifreformwillhelpsolvetheproblem.Theansweristhatnoonehasaneasyfixforrisingmedicalcosts.Thefundamentalfixreshapinghowcareisdeliveredandhowdoctorsarepaidinawasteful,abnormalsystemislikelytobeach

24、ievedonlythroughtrialanderrorandincremental(渐进的）gains.BThegoodnewsisthatabilljustapprovedbytheHouseandabillapprovedbytheSenateFinanceCommitteewouldimplementortestmanyreformsthatshouldhelpslowtheriseinmedicalcostsoverthelongterm.AsareportinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineconcluded,Prettymucheverypropos

25、edinnovationfoundinthehealthpolicyliteraturethesedaysiscontainedinthesemeasures.CMedicalspending,whichtypicallyrisesfasterthanwagesandtheoveralleconomy,ispropelledbytwothings:thehighpriceschargedformedicalservicesinthiscountryandthevolumeofunnecessarycaredeliveredbydoctorsandhospitals,whichoftenperf

26、ormalotmoretestsandtreatmentsthanapatientreallyneeds.DHerearesomeoftheimportantproposalsintheHouseandSenatebillstotrytoaddressthoseproblems,andwhyitishardtoknowhowwelltheywillwork.EBothbillswouldreducetherateofgrowthinannualMedicarepaymentstohospitals,nursinghomesandotherprovidersbyamountscomparable

27、totheproductivitysavingsroutinelymadeinotherindustrieswiththehelpofnewtechnologiesandnewwaystoorganizework.ThisproposalcouldsaveMedicaremorethan$100billionoverthenextdecade.Ifprivateplansdemandedsimilarproductivitysavingsfromproviders,andrefusedtoletprovidersshiftadditionalcoststothem,thesavingscoul

28、dbemuchlarger.CriticssayCongresswillgiveintolobbyistsandletinefficientprovidersoffthehookThatisfarlesslikelytohappenifCongressalsoadoptsstrongupaygo”rulesrequiringthatanyincreaseinpaymentstoprovidersbeoffsetbynewtaxesorbudgetcuts.FTheSenateFinancebillwouldimposeanexcisetax(消费税）onhealthinsuranceplans

29、thatcostmorethan$8,000foranindividualor$21,000forafamily.Itwouldmostlikelycauseinsurerstoredesignplanstofallbeneaththethreshold.Enrolleeswouldhavetopaymoremoneyformanyservicesoutoftheirownpockets,andthatwouldencouragethemtothinktwiceaboutwhetheranexpensiveorredundanttestwasworthit.Economistsprojectt

30、hatmostemployerswouldshiftmoneyfromexpensivehealthbenefitsintowages.TheHousebillhasnosimilartax.Thefinallegislationshould.GAnydoctorwhohaswrestledwithmultipleformsfromdifferentinsurers,orpatientswhohavetriedtounderstandtheirownparadeofstatements,knowthatsimplificationoughttosavemoney.Whenthehealthin

31、suranceindustrywasstillcooperatinginreformefforts,itstradegroupofferedtoprovidestandardizedformsforautomatedprocessing.Itestimatedthatstepwouldsavehundredsofbillionsofdollarsoverthenextdecade.Thebillswouldlockthatpledgeintolaw.HThestimuluspackageprovidedmoneytoconverttheinefficient,paper-drivenmedic

32、alsystemtoelectronicrecordsthatcanbeeasilyviewedandtransmitted.Thisrequiresopeninvestmentstohelpdoctorsconvert.Intimeitshouldhelprestraincostsbyeliminatingredundanttests,preventingdruginteractions,andhelpingdoctorsfindthebesttreatments.IVirtuallyallexpertsagreethatthefee-for-servicesystemdoctorsarer

33、ewardedforthequantityofcareratherthanitsqualityoreffectivenessisaprimaryreasonthatthecostofcareissohigh.Mostagreethatthesolutionistopushdoctorstoacceptfixedpaymentstocareforaparticularillnessorforapatientsneedsoverayear.Nooneknowshowtomakethathappenquickly.Thebillsinbothhouseswouldstartpilotprojects

34、withinMedicare.Theyincludesuchmeasuresasaccountablecareorganizationstotakechargeofapatientsneedswithaneyeonbothcostandquality,andchronicdiseasemanagementtomakesuretheseriouslyill,whoareresponsibleforthebulkofallhealthcarecosts,aretreatedproperly.Forthemostpart,theseexperimentsrelyonincentivepayments

35、togetdoctorstotrythem.JTestinginnovationsdonogoodunlessthegoodexperimentsareidentifiedandexpandedandthebadonesaredropped.TheSenatebillwouldcreateanindependentcommissiontomonitorthepilotprogramsandrecommendchangesinMedicarespaymentpoliciestourgeproviderstoadoptreformsthatwork.Thechangeswouldhavetobea

36、pprovedorrejectedasawholebyCongress,makingithardfornarrow-interestlobbiestobendlawmakerstotheirwill.KThebillsinbothchamberswouldcreatehealthinsuranceexchangesonwhichsmallbusinessesandindividualscouldchoosefromanarrayofprivateplansandpossiblyapublicoption.Alltheplanswouldhavetoprovidestandardbenefitp

37、ackagesthatwouldbeeasytocompare.Togetaccesstomillionsofnewcustomers,insurerswouldhaveastrongincentivetosellontheexchange.Andthehead-to-headcompetitionmightgivethemastrongincentivetolowertheirprices,perhapsbyacceptingslimmerprofitmarginsordemandingbetterdealsfromproviders.LThefinallegislationmightthr

38、owapublicplanintothecompetition,butthankstothefierceoppositionoftheinsuranceindustryandRepublicancritics,itmightnotsavemuchmoney.TheoneintheHousebillwouldhavetonegotiaterateswithproviders,ratherthanusingMedicarerates,asmanyreformerswanted.MThepresidentsstimuluspackageispumpingmoneyintoresearchtocomp

39、arehowwellvarioustreatmentswork.Issurgery,radiationorcarefulmonitoringbestforprostate(前列腺)cancer?Isthelatestandmostexpensivecholesterol-loweringdruganybetterthanitscommoncompetitors?Thependingbillswouldspendadditionalmoneytoacceleratethiseffort.NCriticshavechargedthatthissensibleideawouldleadtoratio

40、ningofcare.(Thatwouldbetrueonlyifyoubelievedthatpatientsshouldhaveanunrestrainedrighttotreatmentsproventobeinferior.)Asaresult,thebillsdonotrequire,astheyshould,thattheresultsofthesestudiesbeusedtosetpaymentratesinMedicare.OCongressneedstofindthecouragetoallowMedicaretopaypreferentiallyfortreatments

41、proventobesuperior.Sometimesthebesttreatmentmightbethemostexpensive.Butoverall,wesuspectthatspendingwouldcomedownthrougheliminationofalotofunnecessaryorevendangeroustestsandtreatments.PTheHousebillwouldauthorizethesecretaryofhealthandhumanservicestonegotiatedrugpricesinMedicareandMedicaid.Someauthor

42、itativeanalystsdoubtthatthesecretarywouldgetbetterdealsthanprivateinsurersalreadyget.Webelievenegotiationcouldwork.Itdoesinothercountries.QMissingfromthesebillsisanyseriousattempttoreininmalpracticecosts.Malpracticeawardsdodriveupinsurancepremiumsfordoctorsinhigh-riskspecialties,andthereissomeeviden

43、cethatdoctorsengageindefensivemedicinebyperformingtestsandtreatmentsprimarilytoprovetheyarenotnegligentshouldtheygetsued.36.Withataximposedonexpensivehealthinsuranceplans,mostemployerswilllikelytransfermoneyfromhealthexpensesintowages.37.Changesinpolicywouldbeapprovedorrejectedasawholesothatlobbyist

44、swouldfindithardtoinfluencelawmakers.38.ItisnoteasytocurbtherisingmedicalcostsinAmerica.39.Standardizationofformsforautomaticprocessingwillsavealotofmedicalexpenses.40.Republicansandtheinsuranceindustryarestronglyopposedtothecreationofapublicinsuranceplan.41.Conversionofpapertoelectronicmedicalrecor

45、dswillhelpeliminateredundanttestsandpreventdruginteractions.42.Thehighcostofmedicalservicesandunnecessarytestsandtreatmentshavedrivenupmedicalexpenses.43.Onemainfactorthathasdrivenupmedicalexpensesisthatdoctorsarecompensatedfortheamountofcareratherthanitseffect.44.Contrarytoanalystsdoubts,theauthorb

46、elievesdrugpricesmaybeloweredthroughnegotiation.45.Faircompetitionmightcreateastrongincentiveforinsurerstochargeless.SectionCPassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Facingwatershortagesandescalatingfertilizercosts,fannersindevelopingcountriesareusingrawsewage(下水道污水）toirrigateandfertil

47、izenearly49millionacresofcropland,accordingtoanewreportanditmaynotbeabadthing.Whilethepracticecarriesserioushealthrisksformany,thosedangersareoutweighedbythesocialandeconomicgainsforpoorurbanfarmersandconsumerswhoneedaffordablefood.Thereisalargepotentialforwastewateragriculturetobothhelpandhurtgreat

48、numbersofurbanconsumers,saidLiqaRaschid-Sally,wholedthestudy.Thereportfocusedonpoorurbanareas,wherefarmsinornearcitiessupplyrelativelyinexpensivefood.Mostoftheseoperationsdrawirrigationwaterfromlocalriversorlakes.Unlikedevelopedcities,however,theseareaslackadvancedwater-treatmentfacilities,andriverseffectivelybecomesewers(下水道).Whenthiswaterisusedforagriculturalirrigation,farmersriskabsorbingdisease-causingbacteria,asdoconsumerswhoeattheproducerawandunwashed.Nearly2.2