分布式系统XMLPPT课件

1、.,1,XML,StevenHolzner，SamsTeachYourselfXMLin21Days,ThirdEdition.2003.,.,2,1.XML基础,.,3,MarkupLanguages,HelloFromHTMLAnHTMLDocumentThisisanHTMLdocument!,标记是文档中数据的描述和解释,.,4,XML,eXtensibleMarkupLanguage元语言，创建标记语言的语言,.,5,ElementsarenestedRootelementcontainsallothers,Element(ortag)names,Example,elements,R

2、ootelement,Emptyelement,attributes,declaration,.,6,MoreTerminology,Johnisanicefellow21MainSt.,Openingtag,Closingtag:Whatisopenmustbeclosed,Nestedelement,childofPerson,ParentofAddress,Ancestorofnumber,“standalone”text,notusefulasdata,ChildofAddress,DescendantofPerson,ContentofPerson,.,7,IE中浏览XML文档,.,

3、8,AnXMLDocumentUsingaStyleSheet,Johnisanicefellow21MainSt.,.,9,ch01_04.css,Persondisplay:block;font-size:18pt;color:#0000ff;text-align:left,.,10,使用JavaScript抽取数据,HelloFromXMLThisisanXMLdocument!,.,11,使用JavaScript抽取数据,RetrievingdatafromanXMLdocumentfunctiongetData()xmldoc=document.all(firstXML).XMLDo

4、cument;nodeDoc=xmldoc.documentElement;nodeHeading=nodeDoc.firstChild;outputMessage=Heading:+nodeHeading.firstChild.nodeValue;message.innerHTML=outputMessage;,.,12,使用JavaScript抽取数据,RetrievingdatafromanXMLdocument,.,13,使用JavaScript抽取数据,.,14,使用Java从XML文档中抽取数据,importjavax.xml.parsers.*;importorg.w3c.dom

5、.*;importjava.io.*;publicclassch01_06staticpublicvoidmain(Stringargv)tryDocumentBuilderFactorydbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();DocumentBuilderdb=null;trydb=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();catch(ParserConfigurationExceptionpce)Documentdoc=null;doc=db.parse(ch01_02.xml);,.,15,使用Java从XML文档中抽取数据,for(No

6、denode=doc.getDocumentElement().getFirstChild();node!=null;node=node.getNextSibling()if(nodeinstanceofElement)if(node.getNodeName().equals(heading)StringBufferbuffer=newStringBuffer();for(Nodesubnode=node.getFirstChild();subnode!=null;subnode=subnode.getNextSibling()if(subnodeinstanceofText)buffer.a

7、ppend(subnode.getNodeValue();System.out.println(buffer.toString();catch(Exceptione)e.printStackTrace();,.,16,使用Java从XML文档中抽取数据,javach01_06HelloFromXML,.,17,Well-formedXMLDocuments,MusthavearootelementEveryopeningtagmusthavematchingclosingtagElementsmustbeproperlynestedisano-noAnattributenamecanoccur

8、atmostonceinanopeningtag.Ititoccurs,Itmusthaveavalue(booleanattrs,likeinHTML,arenotallowed)Thevaluemustbequoted(with“or)XMLprocessorsarenotsupposedtotryandfixill-formeddocuments(unlikeHTMLbrowsers),.,18,ValidXMLDocuments,HelloFromXMLThisisanXMLdocument!,.,19,ValidXMLDocument,AvalidXMLdocumentisdefin

9、edbytheW3Casawell-formedXMLdocumentwhichalsoconformstotherulesofaDocumentTypeDefinition(DTD)oranXMLSchema/ski:m/(XSD),.,20,XML应用,XML用于存储、传输、结构化数据纯文本格式使它容易被在互联网上传输并被不同平台上的应用所处理过去5年中，已经出现了上百种XML子语言,.,21,使用MathML显示4x25x+6=0,4x+6=0,.,22,在Amaya浏览器中显示MathML文档,.,23,XHTML,ExtensibleHypertextMarkupLanguage更加

10、严格允许增加自己的标记HTML4.01（当前版本）,.,24,AnXHTMLDocument,AnXHTMLPageWelcometoXHTML!ThisisanXHTMLdocument.Prettycool,eh?,.,25,在IE中显示,.,26,AnSVGDocument,SVGExample,.,27,练习,validXML文档一定是well-formed吗？well-formedXML文档一定是valid吗？,.,28,编辑XML文档,XML编辑器XMLSpyVisualStudioXMLDesignerXRayXML浏览器IE，MostpowerfulgeneralJumbo,C

11、MLbrowser,.,29,Jumbo,.,30,XMLValidators,MakesureitiswellformedandvalidScholarlyTechnologyGroupsvalidatorMicrosoftsVisualStudio.NET,.,31,error.xml,HelloFromXMLThisisanXMLdocument!,.,32,.,33,XMLvalidationinVisualStudio.NET,.,34,建立一个完整的XML文档,HelloFromXMLThisisanXMLdocument!,.,35,XML文档,PrologsXMLdeclara

12、tionsProcessinginstructionsElementsandattributesCommentsCDATAsectionsEntities,.,36,字符编码问题,ASCII仅有256个字符Chinese,Armenian,Hebrew,Thai,Tibetan从数量上、通用上，ASCII不能在Web上使用Unicode(),65,536个字符前256个对应ASCII但让所有的软件转去支持Unicode太困难UCSTransformationFormat-8(UTF-8),.,37,UTF-8,所有ASCII字符的编码保持不变(8bit

13、)其它Unicode字符使用2字节，直至6字节编码W3CrequiresallXMLprocessorstosupportbothUTF-8,UTF-16大部分支持UTF-8,.,38,字符实体引用,HelloFromXMLThistextisinsideaelement.,.,39,字符实体引用,.,40,字符实体引用,Replacedwith,.,41,实体,实体是一大段文本的别名假如你为你的信件署名定义了一个实体lettersign，它代表下面这一大段文本：张三某网络公司销售部门北京市海淀区中关村88号，100000,.,42,实体,邮件收件人李四/收件人主题hello/主题正文晚上吃饭

14、！overshadowsolddefault,Redeclarationofcde;overshadowsolddeclaration,.,55,Namespaces(续),xmlns=“,.,56,ValidXMLSchemassupports44+datatypes,.,122,XMLSchemas特性,增强的数据类型44+versus10CancreateyourowndatatypesExample:Thisisanewtypebasedonthestringtypeandelementsofthistypemustfollowthispattern:ddd-dddd,wheredre

15、presentsadigit.与实例文档的语法相同lesssyntaxtoremember面向对象Canextendorrestrictatype(derivenewtypedefinitionsonthebasisofoldones)可以表达集合,i.e.,candefinethechildelementstooccurinanyorder,.,123,BookStore.dtd,.,124,ATTLIST,ELEMENT,ID,#PCDATA,NMTOKEN,ENTITY,CDATA,BookStore,Book,Title,Author,Date,ISBN,Publisher,Thisi

16、sthevocabularythatDTDsprovidetodefineyournewvocabulary,.,125,element,complexType,schema,sequence,/2001/XMLSchema,string,integer,boolean,BookStore,Book,Title,Author,Date,ISBN,Publisher,(targetNamespace),ThisisthevocabularythatXMLSchemasprovidetodefineyournewvocabula

17、ry,.,126,BookStore.xsd,xsd=Xml-SchemaDefinition,(explanationsonsucceedingpages),.,127,.,128,AllXMLSchemashaveschemaastherootelement.,.,129,Theelementsanddatatypesthatareusedtoconstructschemas-schema-element-complexType-sequence-stringcomefromthehttp:/XMLSchemanamespace,.,130,element,complexType,sche

18、ma,sequence,/2001/XMLSchema,XMLSchemaNamespace,string,integer,boolean,.,131,Indicatesthattheelementsdefinedbythisschema-BookStore-Book-Title-Author-Date-ISBN-Publisheraretogointhenamespace,.,132,BookStore,Book,Title,Author,Date,ISBN,Publisher,(target

19、Namespace),BookNamespace(targetNamespace),.,133,ThisisreferencingaBookelementdeclaration.TheBookinwhatnamespace?SincethereisnonamespacequalifieritisreferencingtheBookelementinthedefaultnamespace,whichisthetargetNamespace!Thus,thisisareferencetotheBookelementdeclarationinthisschema.,Thedefaultnamespa

20、ceiswhichisthetargetNamespace!,.,134,实例文档中的任何元素必须指定名字空间,.,135,在XML实例文档中引用schema,MyLifeandTimesPaulMcCartneyJuly,199894303-12021-43892McMillinPublishing.,1.声明默认的名字空间，告诉schema-validator本实例文档中所有元素来自于名字空间2.schemaLocation告诉schema-validator名字空间由Book

21、Store.xsd定义3.告诉schema-validator属性schemaLocation在XMLSchema-instance名字空间中,1,2,3,.,136,schemaLocation,type,noNamespaceSchemaLocation,/2001/XMLSchema-instance,XMLSchema-instanceNamespace,nil,.,137,在XML实例文档中引用schema,BookStore.xml,BookStore.xsd,targetNamespace=,schemaLoc

22、ation=BookStore.xsd,-defineselementsinnamespace,-useselementsfromnamespace,Aschemadefinesanewvocabulary.Instancedocumentsusethatnewvocabulary.,.,138,验证,BookStore.xml,BookStore.xsd,XMLSchema.xsd(schema-for-schemas),Validatethatthexmldocumentcon

23、formstotherulesdescribedinBookStore.xsd,ValidatethatBookStore.xsdisavalidschemadocument,i.e.,itconformstotherulesdescribedintheschema-for-schemas,.,139,(seeexample02),Notethathttp:/XMLSchemaisthedefaultnamespace.Consequently,therearenonamespacequalifierson-schema-element-complexType-sequence-string,

24、.,140,HerewearereferencingaBookelement.WhereisthatBookelementdefined?Inwhatnamespace?Thebk:prefixindicateswhatnamespacethiselementisin.bk:hasbeensettobethesameasthetargetNamespace.,.,141,bk:ReferencesthetargetNamespace,BookStore,Book,Title,Author,Date,ISBN,Publisher,(targetNamespa

25、ce),/2001/XMLSchema,bk,element,complexType,schema,sequence,string,integer,boolean,Consequently,bk:BookreferstotheBookelementinthetargetNamespace.,.,142,内联元素声明,.,143,Notethatwehavemovedalltheelementdeclarationsinline,andwearenolongerrefingtotheelementdeclarations.Thisresultsinamuchmor

26、ecompactschema!,Thiswayofdesigningtheschema-byinliningeverything-iscalledtheRussianDolldesign.,.,144,Anonymoustypes(noname),.,145,NamedTypes,使用命名的complexType的等价定义.,.,146,Namedtype,TheadvantageofsplittingoutBookselementdeclarationsandwrappingtheminanamedtypeisthatnowthistypecanbereusedbyotherelements

27、.,.,147,Pleasenotethat:isequivalentto:,ElementAreferencesthecomplexTypefoo.,ElementAhasthecomplexTypedefinitioninlinedintheelementdeclaration.,.,148,定义元素小结(两种方式),Asimpletype(e.g.,xsd:string)orthenameofacomplexType(e.g.,BookPublication),1,2,Anonnegativeinteger,Anonnegativeintegerorunbounded,Note:minO

28、ccursandmaxOccurscanonlybeusedinnested(local)elementdeclarations.,.,149,问题,日期不同于字符串ISBN格式:d-ddddd-ddd-dord-ddd-ddddd-dord-dd-dddddd-d,.,150,数据类型,.,151,gYear数据类型,Abuilt-indatatype(Gregoriancalendaryear)ElementsdeclaredtobeoftypegYearmustfollowthisform:CCYYrangeforCCis:00-99rangeforYYis:00-99Example:1

29、999indicatesthegYear1999,.,152,Herewearedefininganew(user-defined)data-type,calledISBNType.,DeclaringDatetobeoftypegYear,andISBNtobeoftypeISBNType(definedabove),.,153,新的数据类型ISBNType.它是字符串的约束:-模式1:1digitfollowedbyadashfollowedby5digitsfollowedbyanotherdashfollowedby3digitsfollowedbyanotherdashfollowe

30、dby1moredigit,or-模式2:1digitfollowedbyadashfollowedby3digitsfollowedbyanotherdashfollowedby5digitsfollowedbyanotherdashfollowedby1moredigit,or-模式3:1digitfollowedbyadashfollowedby2digitsfollowedbyanotherdashfollowedby6digitsfollowedbyanotherdashfollowedby1moredigit.,正规表达式,.,154,等价的表达式,Theverticalbarme

31、ansor,.,155,or?,何时用complexTypeelement何时用simpleTypeelement?当定义子元素时使用complexTypeelement当基于一个内置类型建立新类型时，使用simpleTypeelement,.,156,内置数据类型,PrimitiveDatatypesstringbooleandecimalfloatdoubledurationdateTimetimedategYearMonthgYeargMonthDay,Atomic,built-inHelloWorldtrue,false,1,07.0812.56E3,12,12560,0,-0,INF

32、,-INF,NAN12.56E3,12,12560,0,-0,INF,-INF,NANP1Y2M3DT10H30M12.3Sformat:CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssformat:hh:mm:ss.sssformat:CCYY-MM-DDformat:CCYY-MMformat:CCYYformat:-MM-DD,Note:Tisthedate/timeseparatorINF=infinityNAN=not-a-number,.,157,内置数据类型(续),PrimitiveDatatypesgDaygMonthhexBinarybase64BinaryanyURIQNameNOT

33、ATION,Atomic,built-informat:-DD(notethe3dashes)format:-MM-ahexstringabase64stringanamespacequalifiednameaNOTATIONfromtheXMLspec,.,158,内置数据类型(续),DerivedtypesnormalizedStringtokenlanguageIDREFSENTITIESNMTOKENNMTOKENSNameNCNameIDIDREFENTITYintegernonPositiveInteger,SubtypeofprimitivedatatypeAstringwith

34、outtabs,linefeeds,orcarriagereturnsStringw/otabs,l/f,leading/trailingspaces,consecutivespacesanyvalidxml:langvalue,e.g.,EN,FR,.mustbeusedonlywithattributesmustbeusedonlywithattributesmustbeusedonlywithattributesmustbeusedonlywithattributespart(nonamespacequalifier)mustbeusedonlywithattributesmustbeu

35、sedonlywithattributesmustbeusedonlywithattributes456negativeinfinityto0,.,159,内置数据类型(续),DerivedtypesnegativeIntegerlongintshortbytenonNegativeIntegerunsignedLongunsignedIntunsignedShortunsignedBytepositiveInteger,Subtypeofprimitivedatatypenegativeinfinityto-1-9223372036854775808to9223372036854775807

36、-2147483648to2147483647-32768to32767-127to1280toinfinity0to184467440737095516150to42949672950to655350to2551toinfinity,Note:thefollowingtypescanonlybeusedwithattributes(whichwewilldiscusslater):ID,IDREF,IDREFS,NMTOKEN,NMTOKENS,ENTITY,andENTITIES.,.,160,从基类型创建新数据类型,facetsExample.string有6个facets:length

37、minLengthmaxLengthpatternenumerationwhitespace(legalvalues:preserve,replace,collapse),.,161,通过指定facets的值创建新类型,1.ThiscreatesanewdatatypecalledTelephoneNumber.2.Elementsofthistypecanholdstringvalues,3.Butthestringlengthmustbeexactly8characterslongand4.Thestringmustfollowthepattern:ddd-dddd,wheredrepre

38、sentsadigit.(Obviously,inthisexampletheregularexpressionmakesthelengthfacetredundant.),1,2,3,4,.,162,又例,Thiscreatesanewtypecalledshape.Anelementdeclaredtobeofthistypemusthaveeitherthevaluecircle,ortriangle,orsquare.,.,163,integer类型的Facets,integer数据类型有8facets:totalDigitspatternwhitespaceenumerationma

39、xInclusivemaxExclusiveminInclusiveminExclusive,.,164,Example,ThiscreatesanewdatatypecalledEarthSurfaceElevation.Elementsdeclaredtobeofthistypecanholdaninteger.However,theintegerisrestrictedtohaveavaluebetween-1290and29035,inclusive.,.,165,通过指定Facet值建立新类型的一般格式,Facets:-length-minlength-maxlength-patte

40、rn-enumeration-minInclusive-maxInclusive-minExclusive-maxExclusive.,Sources:-string-boolean-number-float-double-duration-dateTime-time.,.,166,多个Facets-and还是or?,AnelementdeclaredtobeoftypeTelephoneNumbermustbeastringoflength=8andthestringmustfollowthepattern:3digits,dash,4digits.,Anelementdeclaredtob

41、eoftypeshapemustbeastringwithavalueofeithercircle,ortriangle,orsquare.,Patterns,enumerations=orthemtogetherAllotherfacets=andthemtogether,.,167,从其它simpleType建立simpleType,.,168,ThissimpleTypeusesEarthSurfaceElevationasitsbasetype.,.,169,固定Facet的值,simpleTypeswhichderivefromthissimpleTypemaynotchangeth

42、isfacet.,.,170,Error!Cannotchangethevalueofafixedfacet!,.,171,包含用户自定义简单类型的元素,Example.Createaschemaelementdeclarationforanelevationelement.Declaretheelevationelementtobeanintegerwitharange-1290to290355240Heresonewayofdeclaringtheelevationelement:,.,172,包含用户自定义简单类型的元素,Heresanalternativemethodfordeclar

43、ingelevation:,ThesimpleTypedefinitionisdefinedinline,itisananonymoussimpleTypedefinition.ThedisadvantageofthisapproachisthatthissimpleTypemaynotbereusedbyotherelements.,.,173,定义元素小结(3种方式),1,2,3,.,174,Codetocheckthestructureandcontent(datatype)ofthedata,Codetoactuallydothework,Inatypicalprogram,upto6

44、0%ofthecodeisspentcheckingthedata!,-sourceunknown,XMLSchemas节约了$,Continued-,.,175,Codetocheckthestructureandcontentofthedata,Codetoactuallydothework,IfyourdataisstructuredasXML,andthereisaschema,thenyoucanhandthedata-checkingtaskofftoaschemavalidator.Thus,yourcodeisreducedbyupto60%!Big$savings!,XMLS

45、chemas节约了$,.,176,XMLSchemas的经典使用(贸易伙伴-B2B),Supplier,Consumer,P.O.,SchemaValidator,P.O.Schema,SoftwaretoProcessP.O.,P.O.isokay,P.O.,(Schemaatthird-party,neutralwebsite),.,177,参考资料,ElliotteRustyHarold,XMLBible,SecondEdition,2001RogerL.Costello,XMLSchemaTutorial,2001,.,178,XMLwhoisneithersubjecttocompu

46、lsionnortohindrance,nortoforce;whosemovementstoactionarenotimpeded,whosedesiresattaintheirpurpose,andwhodoesnotfallintothatwhichhewouldavoid.,.,179,Stylesheets是stylerule的集合,titledisplay:block;font-size:36pt;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;text-decoration:underlinephilosopherdisplay:block;font-siz

47、e:16pt;text-align:centerbookdisplay:block;font-size:28pt;text-align:center;font-style:italicparagraphdisplay:block;margin-top:10,Selector,RuleSpecification,property/valuepairs,.,180,XMLwhoisneithersubjecttocompulsionnortohindrance,nortoforce;whosemovementstoactionarenotimpeded,whosedesiresattainthei

48、rpurpose,andwhodoesnotfallintothatwhichhewouldavoid.,.,181,IE中的显示结果,.,182,格式化表格,FirstNameLastNameLoanAmountFredTurner$100,000BillSaunders$120,000,.,183,格式化表格,documentdisplay:table;border-style:solidheadersdisplay:table-header-group;headerdisplay:table-cell;padding:6px;background-color:lightblue;font

49、-weight:bold;border-style:solidmortgagesdisplay:table-row-groupmortgagedisplay:table-row;firstNamedisplay:table-cell;padding:6px;border-bottom:solid1pxlastNamedisplay:table-cell;padding:6px;border-bottom:solid1pxamountdisplay:table-cell;border-bottom:solid1px,.,184,Netscape中效果,IE中不能正常显示,.,185,XMLimp

50、ortjavax.xml.transform.*;importjavax.xml.transform.stream.*;publicclassch09_05publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs)tryTransformerFactorytf=TransformerFactory.newInstance();Transformertr=tf.newTransformer(newStreamSource(newFile(args1);tr.transform(newStreamSource(newFile(args0),newStreamResult(newFile(ar

51、gs2);catch(Exceptionex),.,197,%javach09_05ch09_01.xmlch09_02.xslformatted.htmlCaliforniaMassachusettsNewYork,.,198,XSLT如何处理XML文档,XML文档：结点树,Document/,PI,Element,.,199,7种类型结点,AttributeAnattribute.CommentThetextofacomment(excludingtheparts).ElementAnelement.NamespaceThenamespacesURI.Processinginstructi

52、onThetextoftheprocessinginstruction(excluding).RootnodeTheverystartofthedocument,beforeeventhedocumentelement.XSLTgivesyouaccesstotherootnode,whichcomesbeforethedocumentelement,inordertogiveyouaccesstotheprolog,suchastheXMLdeclaration.TextThetextofthenode.,.,200,XSLT引擎如何工作？,从源XML文档的rootnode出发，查找匹配ro

53、otnode所有孩子的模版因为states是rootnode的孩子之一，所以模版匹配把拷贝到目标文档中,.,201,XSLT引擎如何工作？,在和之间继续为元素states的孩子寻找匹配的模版，完成该模版指定动作元素states的孩子处理完毕后，回过头来接着处理rootnode的孩子,.,202,XSLT引擎如何工作？,CaliforniaMassachusettsNewYork,California,.,203,CaliforniaGoldenState33871648SacramentoQuailGoldenPoppy155959Massachusetts6349097BostonChick

54、adeeMayflower7840NewYork18976457AlbanyBluebirdRose47214,select?,.,204,多个匹配,.,205,多个匹配,CaliforniaGoldenStateMassachusettsNewYork,.,206,属性match,.,207,RootNode,.,208,Elements,直接使用名字,.,209,Elements,.,210,Attributes,California33871648SacramentoQuailGoldenPoppy155959,.,211,StateDataStateDataNamePopulation

55、CapitalBirdFlowerArea,.,212,.,213,HTMLTable,.,214,IDAttributes,.,215,ProcessingInstructions,Matchedaprocessinginstruction.,.,216,nodetest,elementsthathavechildelements:anyelementthathasaorchildelement:anyelementthathasaunitsattribute:,.,217,练习,Jeff555-1234555-4321lightgrey,给定XML文件及XSLT文件，请写出IE打开XML文

56、件后的显示结果,.,218,FitnessCenter.xsl,WelcomeWelcome!Yourphonenumbersare:TypeNumber,.,219,XSL:FormattingObjects,XSL,XSL-FO,XSLT,XSLT,XPath,XLink/XPointer,XQuery,XMLSchemas,(high-precisiongraphics,e.g.,PDF),(low-precisiongraphics,e.g.,HTML,text,XML),.,220,XSL-FO1.0,56formattingobjects177propertiesthatapply

57、tothoseobjects,XMLdocument.xml,XSLTprocessor,XSL-FODocument.fo,XSL-FOprocessor,formatteddisplaydocument.pdf,.,221,California33871648SacramentoQuailGoldenPoppy155959Massachusetts6349097BostonChickadeeMayflower7840NewYork18976457AlbanyBluebirdRose47214,ch10_01.xml,.,222,ch0_02.xslt,.,223,使用XSLT引擎生成FO文

58、档,%javach09_05ch10_01.xmlch10_02.xslch10_03.fo,.,224,ch10_03.fo,Name:CaliforniaPopulation(people):33871648,.,225,ApacheXMLProjectsFOP,ThemostpopularXSL-FOprocessorFreedownload:/fop命令：%java-cpbuildfop.jar;libbatik.jar;libxalan-2.3.1.jar;libxercesImpl-2.0.1.jar;libxml-apis.jar;libavalon-framework-cvs-20020315.jar;liblogkit-1.0.jar;libjimi-1.0.jarorg.apache.fop.apps.Fopch10_03.foch10_04.pdf,.,226,.,227,JavaScript&XML,DOM结点树El