英语国家概况

英语国家概况Ithastwomainislands:NorthIslandandSouthIsland、MtCook(库克山):thehighestpeak,3,754metershigh;LakeTaupo(陶波湖):thelargestlake,covering606sqkm;itis40kmlongand27kmwide、Inthesurroundingareaarenumerousgeysersandhotsprings、TheClutha(该克卢撒):thelargestriver,336kmlongintheSouthIsland、Large,longgroupofislandsfromNorthtoSouthTwomainlandmasses(陆地):NorthIslandSouthIslandSeparatedbytheCookStrait(库克海峡)ThirdlargestIslandisStewartIslandSouthofSouthIslandCapital:Wellington(惠灵顿)LargestCity:Auckland(奥克兰)

TheLandNorthIslandVolcanoes(火山)MountainsSouthIslandMountainchainsLakes,rivers,inlets(入口)Cool,rainy,forestedClimateTheclimateofNewZealandisgenerallytemperate,butbecausethecountryrunsnorthsouth,theclimateisvaried、Newzealand'sclimateisdominatedbytwomaingeographicalfeatures--theseaandthemountains、SincethesmalllandmassofNewZealandissurroundedbyalargeexpanseofocean,theclimateofNewZealandistemperateoceanic,whichmeansthattheseasonalvariationsinNewZealandaremuchslighterthanincontinentalcountries、Majorcitieswellington(惠灵顿)isthecaptialofnewzealand、locatedatthesoutherntipofthenorthisland,itistheworld'smostsoutherncaptial、intermsofpopulation,itisnewzealand'ssecondlargestcity、Auckland(奥克兰),locatedinthenorthernpartofthenorthislandAuckland,locatedinthenorthernpartofthenorthisland,isthelargestcityinnewzealand、ithasabout1、5millioninhabitants,one-thirdofthecountry'sentirepopulation、inthemaorilanguage,aucklandmeans"thecityof100lovers"、itearnedthisnamebecauseitwasaplacedesiredbyallandconqueredbymany、HistoryDiscoveryOfNewZealandNewZealandasaColony(作为一个殖民地)NewZealandasaDominion(新西兰为自治领)NewZealandasaRealm(新西兰成为王国)DiscoveryThefirstinhabitants(第一批居民)Polynesian(波利尼西亚)people,ancestorsoftheMaoris(毛利人)betweenaround700and2000yearsagocooperate,pete,fightwitheachother——developedtheirdistinctMorioriculture(不同得毛利人文化、)TheDutchexplorer

AbelTasmanThefirstEuropean(阿贝尔塔斯曼)duringhisvoyageof1642-43Withoutsettingfootashore(上岸)crew(船员)killed、NewzealandasaColonyColony(1840~1907)Thefirstsignificantvoyage(航行)ofdiscoverywasundertakenbyJamesCook,whobeganextensiveexploratonoftheislandsin1769、ItwasCook(库克)whoprovedthatNewZealandconsistedoftwoislands、Cook’svoyageeventuallyledtotheeuropeancolonizationofit、AnincreasingnumberofsettlerscametoNewZealandeithertotradeortobuylandforfarming(越来越多得定居者来到新西兰得任何贸易或买地耕作)、ThecaptainCook

NewZealandbecameaBritishcolony:signingoftheTreatyofWaitangi(签署怀唐伊条约)

In1840,BritishrepresentativesoftheBritishCrownandchiefsofthenativeMaorissignedtheTreatyofWaitangi、(1840,土著毛利人和英国代表英国王室得首领签署条约)大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流可以互相讨论下，但要小声点Contentsofthetreaty:(条约得内容)TheimpactofthetreatyonNewZealandnow:(条约在新西兰现在得影响)NewZealandasaDominionFromacolonytoadominion:

In1907,NewZealandchangedfromaBritishcolonytoaseparatedominion,equalinstatustoAustraliaandCanada、SixstagesofNewZealandasaDominion⑴In1907,fromaBritishcolonytoaseparatedominion(1907年,从英国殖民地独立得统治)⑵DuringWorldWarⅠ,NewZealandenthusiasticallybackedBritainandsufferedlargecasualties、(第一次世界大战期间Ⅰ、新西兰热情地支持英国,遭受了巨大得人员伤亡)⑶Inthelate1920s,encounteredeconomyproblemsandtookmeasurestosolvethem、(在1920年代末,遇到经济问题和采取措施解决这些问题。)⑷InworldWarⅡonceagainsufferedextraordinarycasualties、(在世界大战Ⅱ再次遭受了非同寻常得伤亡。)⑸AfterworldWarⅡ,NewZealandenteredintoaperiodofsustained(持续得)economygrowth,anditstrengtheneditsrelationship(关系)withtheUnitedStates、⑹In1947,NewZealandwastotalindependencefromBritain、⑺In1983,theterm“dominion”wasreplacedwith“realm”、NewZealandsignedtheANZUSTreaty(TheAustralia,NewZealand,UnitedStatesSecurityTreaty澳新美公约)withtheUnitedStatesandAustralia、In1951NewZealandasaRealmNuclearPolicyandDavidRussellLangeFamousPrimeMinisterGovernmentIndependentStateConstitutionalmonarchywithaparliamentarydemocracy(君主立宪制和议会民主制)Nowrittenconstitution,buttheConstitutionAct(宪法法案)of1986definesthestructureofthegovernment、ThreebranchesofgovernmentLegislative(parliament)(立法(国会))Executive(departmentsandagencies)(主管(部门和机构))Judicial(courts)HeadofState:QueenElizabethII(女王伊丽莎白二世),representedbyaGovernor-GeneralRoleismainlyceremonial,realpoliticalpowerisheldbythePrimeMinisterwhoisheadofthegovernment(作用主要就是礼仪,真正得政治权力就是由总理举行得政府)TheLegislatureParliament(议会)developedfromtheBritishparliamentarysystem(英国议会制度称)knownastheWestminstersystem(威斯敏斯特体系)ofgovernment,andisthelaw-makingbodyoftheNewZealandgovernment、ConsistsofSovereign(君主)andHouseofRepresentatives(众议院)Theexecutive-ThebranchoftheNewZealandgovernmentismadeoftheCabinet,thePrimeMinisterandthepublicsector、(新西兰政府得分支就是由内阁,首相和公共部门)-TheGovernorGeneralisappointedbyt