中考复习英语语法突破-情态动词精讲课件

英语情态动词精讲2025四川英语温馨提示：点击内容可跳转至相应页面。2核心语法精讲练1课标知识导图3综合检测课标知识导图情态动词表示推测基本特征基本用法基本特征1.表示肯定推测：must＞can／could>may>might2.表示否定推测：can't＞maynot1.有词义，但不能单独作谓语，须和动词原形一起构成谓语2.除haveto外一般无人称和数的变化3.后接动词原形表示推测1.表示能力：can，can't，could，couldn't2.表示请求：can，will，would，may，could，might，shall3.表示禁止：mustn't4.表示需要/不需要：need/needn't5.表示建议：should，hadbetter6.表示义务和责任：must，haveto，should，oughtto,shouldn't基本用法核心语法精讲练一、情态动词的基本用法情态动词含义及用法例句can表示能力，意为“能，会”。可与be

able

to相互转化I

can

say

“nihao”

in

different

languages.

表示请求、允许，意为“可以”，多用于口语中Can

you

give

me

a

hand？

I

lost

my

way

here.

can’t表示能力，意为“不能，不会”I

can

play

the

piano，

but

I

can’t

sing

or

dance.

[人教七(下)Unit

1

P88]情态动词含义及用法例句can’t表示拒绝对方的请求或者不同意/不允许，意为“不可以”You

can’t

take

the

book

out

of

the

library

without

permission.

couldcan的过去式，意为“能，会”，表示过去的能力The

little

girl

was

young

but

she

could

eat

by

herself.

情态动词含义及用法例句could在疑问句中表示委婉的请求。肯定回答：Yes./Sure./Certainly./Of

course./No

problem./With

pleasure.等；否定回答：Sorry，

I’m

afraid

not./Sorry，

I

can’t./I’d

love/like

to，

but...等—Could

you

please

help

me

with

my

English？—Sorry，

I

am

busy

now.couldn’tcould的否定式，意为“不能，不会”He

couldn’t

speak

French

fluently.

情态动词含义及用法例句must表示主观看法，意为“必须，一定”。由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答：“Yes，主语＋must/have

to.”；否定回答：“No，主语＋needn’t/don’t/doesn’t

have

to.”。注意：否定回答用needn’t而不用mustn’tYou

must

clean

your

bedroom

every

day.

[人教九(全)Unit

7

P52]mustn’tmust的否定式，意为“一定不要，禁止”You

mustn’t

pick

flowers

in

the

garden.

情态动词含义及用法例句may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”May

I

play

outside

alone？用于祈使句，表示祝福和祝愿，和wish相似May

you

have

a

nice

trip！

mightmay的过去式She

worried

that

I

might

be

angry.

表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉Might

I

ask

you

a

question？情态动词含义及用法例句need意为“有必要，需要”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中Need

I

give

you

an

example？needn’t意为“不需要，没必要”—Must

I

arrive

at

the

airport

ahead

of

time？—No，

you

needn’t.

should/ought

to意为“应该”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议You

ought

to

give

up

smoking.

情态动词含义及用法例句should/ought

to表示征询意见，常用于疑问句中Should

I

take

my

temperature？[人教八(下)Unit

1

P2]shouldn’t意为“不应该”We

shouldn’t

depend

so

much

on

our

parents.

[鲁教九(全)Unit

9

P66]情态动词含义及用法例句had

better意为“最好”，多用于第二人称，否定形式为had

better

notYou

had

better

not

be

late

for

school.

[译林牛津八(上)Unit

4

P48]have

to意为“不得不”，多表示客观必要I

have

to

study

for

a

math

test.

don’t

have

to意为“不需要”，回答must提问的问句—Must

we

finish

the

task

now？—No，

we

don’t

have

to.二、情态动词表示推测情态动词含义及用法例句

can’t表示否定推测，语气强烈。意为“一定不，不可能”，可能性几乎为零Danny

can’t

be

playing

on

the

playground.

I

saw

him

in

the

library

just

now.

[冀教九(全)Unit

4

P62]could表示推测，意为“有可能，也许”，语气缓和，较委婉It

could

be

a

girl’s

room

because

it’s

very

tidy.

情态动词含义及用法例句must表示非常有把握的肯定推测，100%的可能性，意为“一定，肯定”They

must

be

very

tired

after

a

long

walk.

may意为“有可能，也许”，用于肯定句，表示把握不大的推测The

plane

may

be

put

off

because

of

the

terrible

weather.

may

not表示否定推测，语气不确定，意为“可能不”It

may

not

be

Mary’s

schoolbag.

She

doesn’t

like

black.情态动词含义及用法例句might表示推测，意为“有可能，也许”，可能性低于may，语气缓和，较委婉She

might

have

gone

to

the

library.

She

likes

reading

in

the

afternoon.

拓展(1)表示肯定推测的情态动词有：must＞could＞may＞might(按语气强弱)。(2)表示否定推测的情态动词有：can’t＞may

not(按语气强弱)。综合检测在空白处填入一个恰当的情态动词。1.

(2024宜宾23题改编)When

we

look

at

the

people

around，

we

can

find

most

of

them

are

paying

more

attention

to

their

phones

rather

than

face-to-face

communication.2.

(2024雅安76题改编)The

trade

between

the

two

countries

also

needs

Chinese-speaking

people.

If

you

speak

Chinese

well，

you

can

find

a

job.3.

(2023自贡24题改编)—

Can/May/Could

I

take

a

seat

here？—No，

you

can’t.

They’re

only

for

the

old

and

children.cancanCan/May/Could4.

(2023成都35题改编)—Look！

People

outside

are

wearing

thick

coats.—The

weather

must

be

very

cold.5.—Does

the

sports

watch

belong

to

Mary？—It

can’t

be

hers.

I

saw

her

wear

one

just

now.6.—

Should/Shall

we

learn

how

to

manage

time

well？—Of

course.

It’s

a

necessary

skill

that

we

have

to

master.7.—Must

I

answer

your

question

immediately？—No，

you

needn’t

.

You

can

think

my

questions

over

first.8.

Peter

must

have

forgotten

our

meeting

because

hehasn’t

arrived

yet.9.

Judy

might

be

at

the

library

because

she

loves

reading

so

much.mustcan’tShould/Shallneedn’tmustmight10.

We

should

make

every

effort

to

protect

the

earth，

or

we’ll

lo