《传统手工艺术品》课件-传统手工艺术品

TraditionalHandicraftsandFolkArtsChinesePorcelain

Porcelaincaninformallybereferredtoas"china"insomeEnglish-speakingcountries,asChinawasthebirthplaceofporcelainmaking.HistoryProto-porcelainwaresexistdatingfromtheShangDynasty(1600–1046BC)(An2002:76)EasternHanDynastyperiod(196–220)highfiringglazedceramicwareshaddevelopedintoporcelain.(An2002:77)TangDynasty(618–906):exportedtotheIslamicworld,whereitwashighlyprized.widelyproduced(An2002:79)Tri-coloredglazedpotteryColor:atleastthreekindsofcolors,suchaswhite,yellowandgreen,oryellow,green,blueandbrown.usedasafuneraryobjectforburial/wiki/File:SancaiHorseTang7-8thCentury.JPG,21/10/2012/wiki/File:Verseuse_ph%C3%A9nix_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_2418.jpg,21/10/2012SongDynasty(960–1279),artistryandproductionhadreachednewheights.Themanufactureofporcelainbecamehighlyorganized.(An2002:80)MingDynasty(1368–1644),porcelainartwasbeingexportedtoEurope”.(Zhao2011:250)/wiki/File:Ming_Dynasty_porcelain_vase,_Wanli_Reign_Period_(2).JPG,21/10/2012Blueandwhiteporcelain

paintedwithCobaltoxidematerialontheclaybody,andthenitiscoveredwithtransparentglazebeforebeingsubjectedtofire.Afterfiring,Cobaltelementturnsintobluecolor.(An2002:84-85)QingDynastycolorfulblueandwhiteporcelain/wiki/File:Meissen_hard_porcelain_vase_1735.jpg,21/10/2012FamilleRosePorcelain

Thedesignispaintedonthesurfaceoftheglazeandthetemperatureforfiringisabout600~900℃./wiki/File:Moon_flasks._Famille_rose._Qing_1723-35._Sir_Percival_David_Collection,_British_Museum.jpg,21/10/2012Howtomake?Step1:Forming.Formingpowdersofceramicrawmaterialsintocomplexshapes（Wikipedia)Step2:Glazing.Glazeisalayerorcoatingofavitreoussubstancewhichhasbeenfiredtofusetoaceramicobjecttocolor,decorate,strengthenorwaterproofit.（Wikipedia)Step3:Decoration.Porcelainwaresmaybedecoratedundertheglazeusingpigmentsthatincludecobaltandcopperorovertheglazeusingcoloredenamels.（Wikipedia)Step4:Firing.Inthisprocess,green(unfired)ceramicwaresareheatedtohightemperaturesinakilntopermanentlysettheirshapes.1,200°C(2,192°F)~1,400°C(2,552°F)（Wikipedia)JingdezhenJiangxiProvinceporcelainproductioncenterOver2,000yearsKaolin(rawmaterial)/wiki/File:%E6%99%AF%E5%BE%B7%E9%95%87%E5%B8%82%E6%98%8C%E6%B1%9F%E4%B8%9C%E5%B2%B8.JPG,21/10/2012JadeArtHistoryNeolithicPeriod:quitesimpleandunornamented,usedforpersonaldecoration

ShangDynasty(1600-1100BC)

Craftsmenusedmetaltoolstomakeprogressinjadewaremodelsandsculpture.Roundjadearticlesincreasedinlargenumbersandjadewarewasoftengivenasagift.(C)theSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiods(770-221BC.)

well-carvedandexquisitejadewarepatterns:dragon,phoenixandPanli(afigureofChinesefolklore)/wiki/File:Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg,21/10/2012theQinandHandynasties

(221BC-AD220)morepractical,obsoletePeoplebegantobelieveinthepowerofjadewaretoincreaselongevity.Thepracticeofburyingthedeadwithjadewarebecamecommon.(Zhao2011:242)Jadeburialsuits

usedbyemperorsandnoblesinHanDynastymadeofmanyfourangleperforatedjadetabletssewnwithgold,silverorcopperthreadhumanessencewouldnotleakandtheskeletonwouldnotbecomerotten(Zhao2011:243)jadeburialsuitofLiusheng,thekingofZhongshan2498piecesofjadeand1100gramsgoldthread(Zhao2011:243)/wiki/File:Si_l%C3%BC_yu_yi.JPG,21/10/2012MingDynasty(1368-1644)peaklevelinjadecarvingwhitejadevesselswithgoldenholdersandwhitejadebowlswithgoldenlids(C)QingDynasty(1644-1911)EmperorQianlong’sadvocacySomeverylargejadewaresweremade.“KingYucombatingtheflood”,took18yrsmorethan2metershighandweighsnear5000kilograms.(Zhao2011:242)PlaceofproductiontheregionofKhotan,Xinjiang/wiki/Hotan_Cultural_Museum,21/10/2012JadePendant/wiki/File:Belt_plaque_with_dragon_medallions_design.jpg,21/10/2012Decoration/wiki/File:Jade_ornament_with_grape_design.jpg,21/10/2012EmbroideryEmbroideryistheartorhandicraftofdecoratingfabricorothermaterialswithneedleandthreadoryarn.ChineseembroideryhasalonghistorysinceNeolithicage.(Long2010:28)

WarringStatesperiods(770-221BC):theearliestrealsampleofsilkembroiderydiscoveredinChina.

(People’sdailyonline)AftertheopeningofSilkRouteinHanDynasty,thesilkproductionandtradebecameflourishing.In14thcentury,theChinesesilkembroideryproductionreacheditshighpeak.(People’sdailyonline)Majorstyles:SuXiu(苏绣)—Suzhou,JiangsuProvinceXiangXiu(湘绣)—Changsha,HunanProvinceYueXiu/GuangXiu(粤绣/广秀)—Chaozhou,GuangdongProvinceShuXiu(蜀绣)—

Chengdu,SichuanProvinceSuXiu(苏绣)ahistoryof2,000yearsfamousforitsbeautifulpatterns,elegantcolors,varietyofstitches,andconsummatecraftsmanship/wiki/File:Shuzhou.manufaktura.jedwabny.haft.artystyczny.JPG,21/10/2012ShenYunzhi(1874-1921)awell-knownmasterinSuEmbroideryintegratedthesimulationcharacteristicofportraitsinwesternoil-paintingsintoherembroiderywork.

/wiki/File:Shen_Shou.jpg,21/10/2012TraditionalfolkartsShadowplay/wiki/File:OFB-Qianlongsatz03-Krieger.JPG,21/10/2012Theshadowplay,alsocalled"shadowpuppetplay",isanancientformofstorytellingandentertainment.Itusesopaque,oftenarticulatedfiguresinfrontofanilluminatedbackdroptocreatetheillusionofmovingimages.(Long2010:86)originatedinShaanxiProvinceabout2000yearsagoandbecamepopularinHebeiProvinceTheskinofhorse,donkeyandmuleareusedastherawmaterials.

Red,yellow,blue,greenandblackcolorsareusedmainly.Howtomake?First,chemicaltreatmentisneededfortheskin,whichcanmakeitthinnerandsemitransparent.Next,theskinneedstobeengravedintothedesiredimages.Thehead,limbsandtorsoaredetachedfromoneanotherandconnectedbythreads.Typicalpatterns

usedforfemalefiguresflowers,cloudsandphoenixesTypicalpatterns

usedformalefiguresdragons,tigers,waterandcloudsrangeinheightfromaround10centimetersto55centimetersPapercutPaper-cut,alsocalledasFlower-cut,canbedatedbacktoHanDynasty,2000yearsago.(Zhao2011:98)

Paper-cutsusuallyrepresentssomelocalcustomsandculturesandismainlyusedasdecorations.Usedasdecorationsonwindows,walls,mirrorsonimportantfestivals,suchastheChineseNewYear,andweddingtimeKites/wiki/File:1O20-rotated.jpg,21/10/2012Kites,alsocalledFengzheng,havealonghistoryofmorethan2500years.Itismadeofpaperwithbambooframework,anditcanflytotheskywhenpulledwithastringinawindyday.(Long2010:235)/wiki/File:Fengzheng.JPG,21/10/2012TheearliestChinesekitesweremadeofwoodandcalledmuyuan(woodenkites);theydatedasfarbackastheWarringStatesPeriodmorethan2000yearsagoInthenorthernandSouthernDynasties,thekiteswereusedastoolstotransmitinformation.InSuiandTangDynasties,paperstartedtobeusedtomakekiteswhichwerecalledzhiyuan(paperkites)InSongDynasty,flyingkitesbecameafavoriteoutdooractivity.DuringtheQingDynasty,itwascommonlybelievedthatflyingakiteandthenlettingitgomigh