2024高考英语二轮题海特训营8阅读理解推理判断四

PAGEPAGE15阅读理解-推理推断四1、

TheU.S.DepartmentofLaborstatistics(统计)showthatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadytherehavebeenmorethanenoughteachers,engineers,physicists,aerospaceexperts,andotherspecialists.Yetcollegesandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompeteforjobsthataren'tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollegedegree.

Ontheotherhand,thereisagreatneedforskilledworkersofallsorts:carpenters,electricians,mechanics,plumbers,TVrepairmen.Thesepeoplehavemoreworkthantheycandealwith,andtheirannualincomesareoftenhigherthanthoseofcollegegraduates.Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavorstheskilledworkmen.

Thereasonforthissituationisthetraditionalmyththatcollegedegreeisapassporttoaprosperousfuture.AlargepartofAmericansocietymatchessuccessinlifeequallywithacollegedegree.Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌输)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Underthispressurethekidsfallinline.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.Andeveryyearcollegeenrollments(入学)goupandup,andmoreandmoregraduatesareovereducatedforthekindsofjobsavailabletothem.

Oneresultofthisemphasisonacollegeeducationisthatmanypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere.Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.

1.It'simpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat________.

A.manyothercountriesarefacingthesameproblem

B.white-collarworkersintheUSusedtomakemoremoneythanblue-collarworkers

C.fewerstudentswillprefertogotocollegeinthefuture

D.thelawofsupplyanddemandhasastrongeffectonAmericanhighereducation

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhycollegeenrollmentsgoupeveryyear?

A.Manypeoplebelievethattheonlywaytosuccessisacollegeeducation.

B.Manyparentswanttheirchildrentogotocollege.

C.Highschoolteachersurgetheirstudentstogotocollege.

D.Everyyoungmanandwomanwantstogotocollege.

3.Bysayingthat“manypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere”,theauthormeansthat________.

A.manypeoplewhoarenotfitforcollegeeducationgotocollege

B.manypeoplewhodonothaveenoughmoneygotocollege

C.manypeoplewhogotocollegedropoutwithinthefirstyear

D.manypeoplewhogotocollegehavetheirhopesdestroyed

4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthat_______.

A.everyyoungmanandwomanshouldgotocollege

B.collegeeducationisabadthing

C.peoplewithacollegeeducationshouldreceivehigherpay

D.fewerpeopleshouldgotocollegewhilemoreshouldbetrainedforskilledjobs2、

Americancitiesaresimilartoothercitiesaroundtheworld.Ineverycountry,citiesreflectthevaluesoftheculture.Americancitiesarechanging,justasAmericansocietyischanging.

AfterWorldWarⅡ,thepopulationofmostlargeAmericancitiesdecreased;however,thepopulationinmanySunBeltcitiesincreased.LosAngelesandHoustonarecitieswherepopulationshifts(转移)toandfromthecityreflectthechangingvaluesofAmericansociety.Inthelate1940sandearly1950s,cityresidents(居民)becamewealthier.Theyhadmorechildrensotheyneededmorespace.Theymovedoutoftheirapartmentsinthecitytobuytheirownhomes.Theyboughthousesinthesuburbs(郊区).

Nowthingsarechanging.Thechildrenofthepeoplewholeftthecitiesinthe1950sarenowadults.Many,unliketheirparents,wanttoliveinthecities.TheycontinuetomovetoSunBeltcitiesandolderonesoftheNortheastandMidwest.Manyyoungprofessionalsaremovingbackintothecity.Theypreferthecitytothesuburbsbecausetheirjobsarethere;ortheyjustenjoytheexcitementandpossibilitiesthatthecityoffers.

Thispopulationshiftisbringingproblemsaswellasbenefits.Countlesspoorpeoplemustleavetheirapartmentsinthecitybecausetheownerswanttosellthebuildingsormakeapartmentsforsaleinsteadofforrent.Inthe1950s,manypoorpeopledidnothaveenoughmoneytomovetothesuburbs;nowmanyofthesesamepeopledonothaveenoughmoneytostayinthecities.

Onlyafewyearsago,peoplethoughtthattheolderAmericancitiesweredying.Somecityresidentsnowseeabright,newfuture.Othersseeonlyproblemsandconflicts.Onethingissure:manydyingcitiesarealiveagain.1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcitiesallovertheworld?A.Theyarealive.

B.Theyarehopeless.

C.Theyaresimilar

D.Theyaredifferent.2.WhydidAmericancityresidentswanttoliveinthesuburbsafterWorldWarⅡ?A.BecauseolderAmericancitiesweredying.

B.Becausetheywerericherandneededmorespace.

C.Becausetheycontainedtheworstpartsofsociety.

D.Becausetheycouldhardlyaffordtoliveinthecity.3.Accordingtothe4thparagraph,agreatmanypoorpeopleinAmericancities

.A.arefacedwithhousingproblems

B.areforcedtomovetothesuburbs

C.wanttoselltheirbuildings

D.needmoremoneyfordailyexpenses4.Wecanconcludefromthetestthat

.A.Americancitiesarechangingfortheworse

B.peoplehavedifferentviewsonAmericancities

C.manypeoplearenowmovingfromAmericancities

D.thepopulationisdecreasinginolderAmericancities3、

AppleannounceditsnewiPhoneslastweek,butcompetitors’mobilephonescandomanyofthesamethingsforlessmoney.

ThenewiPhone8andXhavewirelesscharging,edge-to-edgeglassscreenanddoublecameras.ButallofthesefeaturesarealreadyavailableinsmartphonesfromChina’sHuaweiandOppo,andKorea’sSamsung.WhileAppleasksbuyerstopay$1,000foritshigh-endmodel,someAsianphonemakerscanoffersimilarfeaturesforless.

Atonetime,Chinesemanufacturerscopiedfeaturesanddesignsfromotherstoproducelow-costphones.Buttheyhavenowaddedhigh-endfeaturestotheirphonesandtheycontrolnearlyhalftheglobalmobilephonemarket.

MediaMarktSaturnisEurope’sbiggestelectronicsseller.AspokespersonforthestoretoldReutersthat,“HuaweiisseenasarelevantcompetitortoAppleandSamsungbycoveringallmajorpricepointsandplacingbiginvestmentsinmarketingandsales.’’ShealsosaidthattheChinesecompaniesHuawei,ZTE,LenovoandTCLwereamongthetop-10best-sellingsmartphonesinitsstores.

Chinesemanufacturers’fastgrowthhasbeenfueledbystrongsalesinChina.Buttheynowexport40percentoftheirsmartphones.Thatisalmostdoublethenumberfromjustthreeyearsago,accordingtotheHongKonginvestmentcompanyCLSA.

Huaweiiscurrentlytheworld’sthirdlargestphonemakerbehindSamsungandApple.AccordingtoresearchcompanyCanalys,theChinesecompanyisgettingclosertosecond-placeAppleandmightovertakeitlaterthisyear.Huaweiplanstoshowitstop-of-the-lineMate10phoneonOct.16.Thephonewillhaveartificialintelligencefeaturessuchasinstanttranslationandimagerecognitionandwillcostlessthan$1,000.1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Smartphone’smanufacturers.

B.Applesmartphone’sfeatures.

C.Asianphonemakers’fastgrowth.

D.CompetitionamongAsianphonemakers.

2.WhichisNOTamongthetop3phonemakersintheworld?

A.TCL.

B.Samsung.

C.Apple.

D.Huawei.

3.Whatdoweknowfromthetext?

A.HueweiwillhaveovertakenApplebylater2024.

B.Chinesemakers’phoneswithhigh-endfeaturescostless.

C.Thetop-10smartphonesaretoenterthehigh-endcompetition.

D.40percentofAsiansmartphonesareexportednow.

4.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsAsianphonemakers?

A.Doubtful.

B.Concerned.

C.Optimistic.

D.Uncertain.4、

Operatingthelargestprivatefoundation(私人基金会)inhistory,BillandMelindaGatesmakedecisionsthatinfluencemillionsoflives.Buttheydealwithproblemsverydifferently.

Forexample,theyagreedthattoomanychildrendieneedlesslyfromdiarrhoea(腹泻).Butwhenitcametohowtopreventit,theiropinionsweredifferent.Whileherhusbandreadalotaboutvaccines(疫苗),MelindaGateshadbeentravellingandvisitedareaswherepoorpeopleliveinIndia.

Whenshereturned,shesaid,“Idon’tknowwhatitis,butthere’ssomethingincleanwaterandsanitation(公共卫生).”AndBillsaid,“OK,Melinda,Idon’tevenhavetimetoreadinthatspace.Tellmewhatyouknow.

Thatconversationledtoanewfocusonwaterandsanitation.Since2006,theyhavegivenmorethan$US200milliontowardthoseefforts.

Thefoundation’sworkisalwaysapartofherfamily’slife,evenonholiday.Thisyear,overthespringbreak,theytooktheirthreechildrentotheAmazoninBrazil.There,shespokeabouttheadvantagesofaservicetoallowpeopletosendmoneybymobilephones,afterseeingthesuccessofsuchaprograminKenya.

Melindabelievedit’sawaytohelpherchildren“knowwhatgoesonintheirbackyard,sotheyunderstandwhatit'slikeforkidswhodon’thaveenoughmoneytodowhattheydo.”

Whenaskedwhatmadeherandherhusbandestablishafoundationtohelpothers,shepointedtoherfamilybackground.Bothsheandherhusbandcamefromfamilieswhoencouragedsocialservices.

MelindahasanMBAanddegreesincomputerscienceandbusinessfromDukeUniversity.ShemetBillGatesshortlyaftergoingtoworkatMicrosoft.Bythetimetheymarriedin1994,shehadalreadypersuadedhimtobecomeactiveinphilanthropy(慈善事业).

“Wetalkedabouthowthiswealthwillgobacktosocietybeforewegotmarried,”shesaid.“Thatseemsliketherightthingtodoifyou’rearichperson.”

1.Atthebeginning,BillGateswantedtodealwithdiarrhoeaby__________.

A.providingcleanwater

B.developingvaccines

C.offeringcleanfood

D.improvingsanitation

2.WecaninferMelindaGatesbroughtherchildrentoBrazilthisyearbecause__________.

A.shewantedherchildrentohelpsickkidsin

B.razilB.herchildrenwantedtoenjoythespringbreakabroad

C.shewantedherchildrentovaluewhattheyhave

D.herchildrenhadn'tvisitedBrazilbefore50

3.Accordingtothetext,MelindaGates__________.

A.operatesthefoundationonherown

B.visitedKenyatohelppreventdiarrhoea

C.persuadedBillGatestopracticephilanthropy

D.donated$US200milliontohelppoorpeopleinBrazil

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Arichfamilythatisalwaysreadytohelpothers

B.Howrichpeopleinfluenceothers’lives

C.Childreninpoorareasneedahand

D.Thelargestprivatefoundation5、

Eachcountryandculturehasitsownsetofpublicholidaysandfestivals.WhilesomeoftheseholidaysandfestivalslikeChristmasandNewYeararecommonacrosstheworld,therearemanymoreholidaysthatareunknownoutsideofnationalborders.1.

BlessedRainyDay

Lifeinacountrywhereitrainsalotcanbehard.InBhutan,BlessedRainyDayistheholidaymarkingtheendofthemonsoonseason(雨季).Onthisday,everyoneisencouragedtoenjoyabathoutofthehousetowashawaybadluck.2.

MelonDay

Turkmenistan'sMelonDayisacelebrationoftheirnationalfruit.IttakesplaceonthesecondSundayinAugust.Thousandsofmouth-wateringmelonsweregivenawayintheheatoftheTurkmencapitalAshgabatonSundaytocelebrateMelonDay.3.

“PunchYourNeighbor”Festival

ThecitiesofPotosiandMachainBoliviaholdthefestivalintheBolivianAndesMountainsinMayeveryyear.Itscelebratedbythousandsofpeopleandit’sbasedontheQuechuaword“Tinku”thatmeans“meeting”.Themeaningofthewordhasbecomeworseasitnowiscelebratedwithbeatingsthatcanactuallyreallyhurtpeople.4.

HaxeyHood

TheHaxeyHoodgameinEnglandhasabiggroupofpeopletryingtopushasmallleathertubetowardsoneofthefourpubs(酒馆)intown,whereitwillstayuntilthefollowingyear’sgame.Onceapersonhasthetube,hecannotrunwithitorthrowit.Hehastopassitontopeopleonhisteam.Thegameusuallylastsafewhours.1.HowdopeoplecelebrateBlessedRainyDay?

A.Bytakingashowerinthebathroom.

B.Byplayingoutdoorsintherain.

C.Bythrowingwateronothers.

D.Bytakingabathoutdoors.

2.Wherewouldyougoifyou'reinterestedinthefestivalinhonorofakindoffruit?

A.ToBhutan.

B.ToTurkmenistan.

C.ToBolivia.

D.ToEngland

3.WhatcanwelearnaboutthefestivalheldinPotosiandMacha?

A.Itishatedbymostpeopleinthosetwocities.

B.Itisthemostinterestingfestivalinthatcountry.

C.Itcanbedangerousforthosewhotakepartinit.

D.Itismeanttoencourageneighborstoloveeachother.

4.WhatshouldpeopledointheHaxeyHoodgame?

A.Runwithaleathertube.

B.Pusheachotherforward.

C.Trytowinadrinkatapub.

D.Passaleathertubetowardsapub.6、

TherearemanydifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.Iusedtoteachacourse

aboutthedifferencesbetweenthetwo.WespeakEnglishonbothsidesoftheAtlanticOceanbutwe

havemanydifferencesinourcommonlanguage.Wehaveexamplesofthesamewordshavingvery

differentmeanings,differentspellingsofthesamewordsaswellascompletelydifferentwordsforthe

samethings.Herearesomeexamples.

AcookieintheUSiscalledabiscuitintheUK.AbiscuitintheUSisasmallcakeintheUK.CrispsintheUK,areknownaschips,butweBritishpeopleeataplateofchipsthatyoucallfriesintheUS.IntheUK,apiecanbemadefromeithermeatorfruit,whileintheUSpiesarenormallymadefromfruit;potpiesaremadefrommeat.MostthingsaremeasuredingramsandkilogramsintheUS,notpounds

andounces.

Oneveryobviousdifferenceisthesideoftheroadweeachchoosetodriveon.Petrolin

theUKisgasintheUS.Theplacewherewefillupourcars,intheUK,isagarage;whileintheUS,it's

agasstation.Thetermgarageisalsousedasaplacetostoreyourcarnexttoorclosebyyourhouse.In

theUKwecallalorrywhatisknownasatruckintheUS.AnelevatorintheUSiscalledalifthere,andthefirstfloorintheUSiscalledthegroundfloorhere,somanyvisitorsgetoffonthewrongfloorinBritishhotels.

Icouldcontinuewiththis.Therearecountlessexamplesofdifferenceswithinouronesharedlanguage.Withsomanydifferences,nowonderit'shardtounderstandeachotherwell.1.ThepassageismainlyaboutthedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishin________.

A.spelling

B.grammar

C.sound

D.vocabulary

2.It'simplied(示意)inthepassagethattheauthormaybe________.

A.ateacherfromtheUK

B.acookfromtheUS

C.adriverfromtheUS

D.agasstationworkerfromtheUK

3.Intheauthor'sopinion,________.

A.languagedifferencesdon'taffectunderstanding

B.therewillbefewerdifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishEnglishinthefuture

C.thesamewordsinthetwodifferenttypesofEnglishmayhavedifferentspellings

D.itisimpossiblethatsomeAmericansgetoffonthewrongfloorinBritishhotels

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A."Elevator"iscommonlyusedintheUK.

B.IntheUK,thingsaremeasuredinpoundsandounces.

C.PiesmeanthesamethingintheUKandtheUS.

D.BritishandAmericanpeopledriveonthesamesideoftheroad.

答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.B;2.D;3.A;4.D解析：1.本文通过调查分析告知人们要变更传统观念应首先考虑选择技术工作的培训—因为它人才缺乏,待遇更高。

小题1:推断题。阅读全文可知A、C原文没有提到,D在原文已明确提到,再依据Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanbluecollarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavorstheskilledworkmen可推知在人们的眼中,白领工人以前比蓝领工人赚钱多,故B为正确选项。

2.细微环节题。依据Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn’tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo可知上高校不是出于学生本意,而是出于父母及学校等方面的压力,可见D不是高校入学人数增加的缘由。

3.推断题。依据最终一段Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup可知作者列举了三种状况,说明有些人不适合高校教化,故选A。

4.推断题。阅读全文可知作者通过调查告知人们高校教化人才过多,而技术工人又特别缺乏,因而待遇反而更高;接着又分析了造成这种状况的传统观念;最终还谈到了许多上了高校却因种种缘由无法完成学业,全部这些都在示意人们上高校的人应当削减,而参与技术工作培训的人应当增多,故选D。2答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.B;3.A;4.B解析：1.细微环节理解题。依据第一段第一句的内容可知,作者认为全世界的城市都特别相像。

2.细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的内容可知,二战后,城市居民变得更加富有,哺育了更多的孩子,他们须要更多的空间,所以想居住在郊区。

3.推理推断题。由第四段可知,多数穷人总是被迫离开他们的居处,以前他们没有钱搬到郊区,如今他们没有钱生活在城市中了,由此可知他们面临住房问题。

4.推理推断题。最终一段中提到,一些美国城市居民看到的是城市绚丽的将来,而其他人看到的仅仅是问题和冲突,由此可推想人们对美国城市的观点不同。3答案及解析：答案：1.D;2.A;3.B;4.C解析：1.苹果新机“预冷”,国产手机“争霸”,亚洲手机制造商快速发展靠近苹果公司。主旨大意题。依据ThenewiPhone8andXhavewirelesscharging,edge-to-edgeglassscreenanddoublecameras.ButallofthesefeaturesarealreadyavailableinsmartphonesfromChina’sHuaweiandOppo,andKorea’sSamsung.WhileAppleasksbuyerstopay$1,000foritshigh-endmodel,someAsianphonemakerscanoffersimilarfeaturesforless.新款iPhone8和X拥有无线充电、无边框屏幕和双摄像头。但是这些功能已经在中国的华为、OPPO和韩国的三星智能手机上得到应用。当苹果为其高端机型标出1000美元的售价时,一些亚洲手机制造商可以用更少的钱供应类似功能。可以推断出本文主要讲解并描述了亚洲手机制造商之间的竞争。故选D。

2.细微环节理解题。依据Huaweiiscurrentlytheworld'sthirdlargestphonemakerbehindSamsungandApple.AccordingtoresearchcompanyCanalys,theChinesecompanyisgettingclosertosecond-placeAppleandmightovertakeitlaterthisyear.得知华为目前是全球第三大手机厂商,位居三星和苹果之后。故选A。

3.推理推断题。依据ThenewiPhone8andXhavewirelesscharging,edge-to-edgeglassscreenanddoublecameras.ButallofthesefeaturesarealreadyavailableinsmartphonesfromChina’sHuaweiandOppo,andKorea’sSamsung.WhileAppleasksbuyerstopay$1,000foritshigh-endmodel,someAsianphonemakerscanoffersimilarfeaturesforless.新款iPhone8和X拥有无线充电、无边框屏幕和双摄像头。但是这些功能已经在中国的华为、OPPO和韩国的三星智能手机上得到应用。当苹果为其高端机型标出1000美元的售价时,一些亚洲手机制造商可以用更少的钱供应类似功能。故选B。

4.推理推断题。依据TheChinesecompanyevenmadefunofApple'snewfacialrecognitionfeaturewithaFacebookvideocalled"RealAIphone."Huaweiplanstoshowitstop-of-the-lineMate10phoneonOct.16.Thephonewillhaveartificialintelligencefeaturessuchasinstanttranslationandimagerecognition