2021年二级专业翻译资格练习题和答案分析

2021年二级专业翻译资格练习题和答案分析笔译综合能力部分词汇和语法单项选择题（共20题）1.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtohaveapositive______onthelocaleconomy.A.affectB.effectC.effortD.afford答案：B。“affect”是动词，意为“影响”；“effect”是名词，“haveaneffecton”是固定搭配，表示“对……有影响”；“effort”意为“努力”；“afford”意为“负担得起”。根据题意这里需要名词，所以选B。2.Sheis______amusicianthanherbrother.A.muchofB.muchasC.moreofD.moreas答案：C。“moreofa+名词”表示“比……更是一个……”，这里说她比她哥哥更是一个音乐家，所以选C。3.Theoldman______inthissmalltownsincehewasborn.A.livedB.haslivedC.hadlivedD.willlive答案：B。“since”引导的时间状语从句，主句通常用现在完成时，表示从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，所以选B。4.Theprofessor,aswellashisstudents,______interestedinthenewresearch.A.isB.areC.haveD.has答案：A。当主语后面跟有“aswellas”连接的成分时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致，这里前面的主语是“theprofessor”，是第三人称单数，所以用“is”，选A。5.______isknowntoall,theearthisround.A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It答案：C。“as”引导非限定性定语从句，可放在句首，指代后面整个句子的内容，“asisknowntoall”是固定表达，意为“众所周知”，所以选C。6.Thecompanyneedstofinda______solutiontothisproblem.A.lastB.lastingC.lastedD.beinglasted答案：B。“lasting”是形容词，意为“持久的，持续的”，修饰名词“solution”，表示“持久的解决方案”，选B。7.Idon'tthinkhecanfinishtheworkontime,______?A.doIB.canheC.can'theD.don'tI答案：B。当主句的主语是第一人称，且谓语动词是“think”“believe”等时，反意疑问句要和从句的主语和谓语保持一致，且遵循“前否后肯”的原则，所以选B。8.Thebookiswellworth______.A.toreadB.readingC.beingreadD.toberead答案：B。“beworthdoing”是固定用法，表示“值得做某事”，用主动形式表达被动意义，所以选B。9.Weshouldmakefulluseoftheresources______inourcountry.A.availableB.availabilityC.availD.availing答案：A。“available”是形容词，意为“可获得的，可用的”，修饰名词“resources”，表示“我国可用的资源”，选A。10.Theteacherdemandedthatthestudents______theirhomeworkontime.A.handedinB.wouldhandinC.handinD.hadhandedin答案：C。“demand”表示“要求”时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，“should”可以省略，所以选C。11.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______passedtheexam.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is答案：B。当“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，“theonly”修饰“one”时，定语从句的谓语动词要和“theonlyone”保持一致，用第三人称单数，这里用“has”，选B。12.Theproblemis______difficultforus______solve.A.so;thatB.such;thatC.too;toD.enough;to答案：C。“too...to...”表示“太……而不能……”，符合题意，“so...that...”和“such...that...”引导结果状语从句，“enough”修饰形容词或副词时要后置，所以选C。13.Thenews______ourteamwonthegamemadeusexcited.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where答案：A。“that”引导同位语从句，对“news”的内容进行解释说明，且在从句中不充当成分，所以选A。14.Thechildrenwere______bythefunnystory.A.amusingB.amusedC.toamuseD.havingamused答案：B。“amused”用来形容人“感到有趣的，被逗乐的”，“amusing”用来形容事物“有趣的，引人发笑的”，这里说孩子们被故事逗乐，用“amused”，选B。15.Sheisalways______tohelpothers.A.readyB.readilyC.readinessD.read答案：A。“bereadytodosth.”是固定表达，意为“乐意做某事，准备好做某事”，所以选A。16.Theoldhouse______foralongtime.A.hasbeenemptyB.hasemptiedC.hadbeenemptyD.hademptied答案：A。“foralongtime”表示一段时间，句子要用现在完成时，“empty”在这里是形容词，“beempty”表示“空着的状态”，所以选A。17.______withtheoldone,thenewbuildinglooksmorebeautiful.A.ComparingB.ComparedC.TocompareD.Compare答案：B。“compare”和“thenewbuilding”是被动关系，要用过去分词作状语，“comparedwith”表示“与……相比”，所以选B。18.I'mlookingforwardto______fromyou.A.hearB.hearingC.haveheardD.behearing答案：B。“lookforwardto”中的“to”是介词，后面要接动名词，所以选B。19.Thepolicearetryingtofindoutthe______oftheaccident.A.causeB.reasonC.excuseD.result答案：A。“cause”通常指导致某种结果的直接原因；“reason”强调解释某种行为或现象的理由；“excuse”指借口；“result”指结果。这里说找出事故的原因，用“cause”，选A。20.HespeaksEnglish______hewereanEnglishman.A.evenifB.asifC.althoughD.nowthat答案：B。“asif”表示“好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句，当从句表示与事实不符的假设时，要用虚拟语气，这里说他说英语好像他是一个英国人，用“asif”合适，选B。阅读理解题（共3篇，每篇5题）第一篇Theworldisnotonlyhungry,itisalsothirstyforwater.Thismayseemstrangetoyou,sincenearly75%oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Butabout97%ofthishugeamountissea-water,orsaltwater.Mancanonlydrinkandusetheother3%-thefreshwaterthatcomesfromrivers,lakes,underground,andothersources.Andwecannotevenuseallofthat,becausesomeofitisintheformoficebergsandglaciers.Evenworse,someofithasbeenpolluted.However,asthingsstandtoday,thissmallamountoffreshwater,whichisconstantlybeingreplacedbyrainfall,isstillenoughforus.Butourneedforwaterisincreasingrapidly-almostdaybyday.Onlyifwetakestepstodealwiththisproblemnowcanweavoidasevereworldwidewatershortagelateron.Weallhavetolearnhowtostopwastingourpreciouswater.Oneofthefirststepsistodevelopwaysofreusingit.Experimentshavealreadybeendoneinthisfield,butonlyonasmallscale.Today,inmostlargecities,waterisusedonlyonceandthensentoutintoasewersystem.Fromthereitreturnstotheseaorrunsintoundergroundstoragetanks.Butitispossibletopipeusedwatertoapurifyingplant.Thereitcanbefilteredandtreatedwithchemicalssothatitcanbeusedagain,justasifitwerefreshfromaspring.Butevenifeverylargecitypurifiedandreuseditswater,westillwouldnothaveenough.Allwe'dhavetodotomakeuseofthevastreservesofsea-waterintheworldistoremovethesalt.Ifwetakethesestepswe'llbeinnodangerofdryingup.1.Theworldisthirstyforwaterbecause______.A.manhasn'tgotenoughfoodtoeatB.wehaven'tgotenoughfreshwaterC.only75%oftheearth'ssurfaceiswaterD.morewaterissentintosewersystems答案：B。文章第一段指出虽然地球表面大部分被水覆盖，但大部分是海水，人类能使用的淡水很少，且还有部分被污染等，所以世界缺水是因为没有足够的淡水，选B。2.Theunderlinedword“precious”inthethirdparagraphmeans______.A.muchandsaltyB.freshandenoughC.dearandvaluableD.cleanandhelpful答案：C。根据前文可知淡水很稀少且对人类很重要，所以“precious”意思是“珍贵的，宝贵的”，即“dearandvaluable”，选C。3.Whatshouldwedoifwewanttohaveenoughfreshwater?a.Makefulluseofthesea-water.b.Carrysaltwaterintolakesorrivers.c.Trytosavethefreshwaterasmuchaspossible.d.Doourbesttousethewateragain.e.Purifythesea-water.f.Protectthewaterfrombeingpolluted.A.c,d,e,fB.a,c,e,fC.a,c,d,eD.b,d,e,f答案：C。文章提到要避免缺水，一方面要节约用水，即充分利用淡水、再利用水；另一方面要利用海水，去除海水中的盐，也就是净化海水，所以选C。4.Thepassageismainlyabout______.A.theseriousnessoftheworldwidewatershortageB.thelargeamountofsea-waterintheworldC.thewaysofreusingfreshwaterD.themethodsofsolvingtheproblemofwatershortage答案：D。文章先指出世界缺水的现状，接着阐述了目前淡水的情况以及需求的增长，最后提出了解决缺水问题的方法，如节约用水、再利用水、利用海水等，所以主要是关于解决缺水问题的方法，选D。5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Asthingsremainunchanging,thissmallamountoffreshwaterisstillenoughforus.B.Ourneedforwaterisbecominglargerandlarger.C.Therewillbenowatershortageinthefuture.D.Weshouldtakestepstosolvetheproblemofwatershortage.答案：C。文章只是提出了一些解决缺水问题的方法，但并没有说未来一定不会缺水，C选项说法太绝对，选C。第二篇Inrecentyears,theinternethasbecomeanimportantpartofourlives.Moreandmorepeopleuseittocommunicate,shop,study,andentertainthemselves.Oneofthemostpopularactivitiesontheinternetissocialnetworking.Socialnetworkingsitesallowpeopletoconnectwithfriends,family,andevenstrangers.Facebookisoneofthelargestandmostwell-knownsocialnetworkingsites.Itwasfoundedin2004byMarkZuckerberg,astudentatHarvardUniversity.Atfirst,itwasonlyavailabletoHarvardstudents.ButsoonitexpandedtootherIvyLeagueschoolsandthentocollegesanduniversitiesaroundtheUnitedStates.In2006,itbecameavailabletoeveryoneovertheageof13.OnFacebook,userscancreateaprofile,whichincludesinformationaboutthemselvessuchastheirname,photo,interests,andhobbies.Theycanalsopoststatusupdates,photos,andvideos.Friendscancommentonthesepostsandinteractwitheachother.Facebookalsohasfeatureslikegroups,pages,andevents,whichallowuserstoconnectwithpeoplewhohavesimilarinterests.AnotherpopularsocialnetworkingsiteisTwitter.Itwasfoundedin2006byJackDorseyandhiscolleagues.TwitterisdifferentfromFacebookinthatitfocusesonshortmessagescalled“tweets”.Userscanposttweetsofupto280characters,whichcanincludetext,links,photos,orvideos.PeoplecanfollowotherusersonTwitter,andtheywillseethetweetsofthepeopletheyfollowintheir“timeline”.Instagramisasocialnetworkingservicethatfocusesonphotosandvideos.Itwaslaunchedin2010andwasquicklyacquiredbyFacebook.OnInstagram,userscantakephotosandvideos,applyfilterstothem,andsharethemwiththeirfollowers.Instagramalsohasfeatureslikestories,whichareshort-livedphotosandvideosthatdisappearafter24hours.1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Thedevelopmentoftheinternet.B.Thepopularityofsocialnetworking.C.Thefeaturesofdifferentsocialnetworkingsites.D.Thefoundersofsocialnetworkingsites.答案：C。文章介绍了Facebook、Twitter、Instagram等几个主要社交网站的创立时间、特点等，重点是不同社交网站的特征，选C。2.WhendidFacebookbecomeavailabletothegeneralpublic?A.In2004.B.In2006.C.In2010.D.After2006.答案：B。文中提到“In2006,itbecameavailabletoeveryoneovertheageof13.”，说明2006年Facebook对公众开放，选B。3.WhatisthedifferencebetweenTwitterandFacebook?A.TwitterwasfoundedearlierthanFacebook.B.Twitterfocusesonshortmessages.C.TwitterhasmoreusersthanFacebook.D.Twitterdoesn'tallowuserstopostphotos.答案：B。文中说“TwitterisdifferentfromFacebookinthatitfocusesonshortmessagescalled‘tweets’”，说明Twitter的特点是专注于短消息，选B。4.WhatcanusersdoonInstagram?A.Onlypostphotos.B.Onlypostvideos.C.Takeandsharephotosandvideos.D.CreateaprofilelikeonFacebook.答案：C。文中提到“OnInstagram,userscantakephotosandvideos,applyfilterstothem,andsharethemwiththeirfollowers.”，说明用户可以拍摄并分享照片和视频，选C。5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.FacebookwasfoundedbyJackDorsey.B.Twitterallowsuserstopostmessagesofunlimitedlength.C.InstagramwasacquiredbyFacebook.D.Allsocialnetworkingsiteshavethesamefeatures.答案：C。文中提到“Instagramisasocialnetworkingservicethatfocusesonphotosandvideos.Itwaslaunchedin2010andwasquicklyacquiredbyFacebook.”，说明Instagram被Facebook收购了，选C。第三篇TheUnitedStatesisalargecountry.FromtheEastCoasttotheWestCoastitisabout3,000mileswide.TheAtlanticOceanisontheEastCoastandthePacificOceanisontheWestCoast.CanadaisthecountrytothenorthoftheUnitedStatesandMexicoisthecountrytothesouth.TherearemanyriversintheUnitedStates.ThemostimportantonesaretheMississippiRiverandtheMissouriRiver.TheMississippiRiveristhelongestriverinNorthAmerica.ItrunsfromthenorthtothesouthandemptiesintotheGulfofMexico.TheMissouriRiverisamajortributaryoftheMississippiRiver.TheUnitedStatesalsohasseverallargelakes.TheGreatLakesarethemostfamousones.TheyareLakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,andLakeOntario.TheselakesarelocatedbetweentheUnitedStatesandCanada.LakeMichiganistheonlyoneoftheGreatLakesthatisentirelywithintheUnitedStates.TheclimateintheUnitedStatesvariesalot.Inthenorth,itiscoldinwinterandwarminsummer.Inthesouth,itiswarmallyearround.Thewestcoasthasamildclimatewithcoolsummersandmildwinters.Theeastcoasthasamorevariableclimatewithcoldwintersandhotsummers.TheUnitedStatesisaverydiversecountry.Ithaspeoplefromallovertheworld.Eachgroupofpeoplehasbroughtitsownculture,traditions,andlanguagestotheUnitedStates.ThishasmadetheUnitedStatesaveryinterestinganduniqueplacetolive.1.HowwideistheUnitedStatesfromtheEastCoasttotheWestCoast?A.About2,000miles.B.About3,000miles.C.About4,000miles.D.About5,000miles.答案：B。文中提到“FromtheEastCoasttotheWestCoastitisabout3,000mileswide.”，所以选B。2.WhichriveristhelongestriverinNorthAmerica?A.TheMissouriRiver.B.TheMississippiRiver.C.TheOhioRiver.D.TheColoradoRiver.答案：B。文中说“TheMississippiRiveristhelongestriverinNorthAmerica.”，选B。3.WhichoftheGreatLakesisentirelywithintheUnitedStates?A.LakeSuperior.B.LakeMichigan.C.LakeHuron.D.LakeErie.答案：B。文中提到“LakeMichiganistheonlyoneoftheGreatLakesthatisentirelywithintheUnitedStates.”，选B。4.WhatkindofclimatedoesthewestcoastoftheUnitedStateshave?A.Coldallyearround.B.Hotallyearround.C.Mildclimatewithcoolsummersandmildwinters.D.Variableclimatewithcoldwintersandhotsummers.答案：C。文中说“Thewestcoasthasamildclimatewithcoolsummersandmildwinters.”，选C。5.WhyistheUnitedStatesauniqueplacetolive?A.Becauseithasalotofriversandlakes.B.Becauseithasalargearea.C.Becauseithaspeoplefromallovertheworldwithdifferentcultures.D.Becauseithasadiverseclimate.答案：C。文中提到“Ithaspeoplefromallovertheworld.Eachgroupofpeoplehasbroughtitsownculture,traditions,andlanguagestotheUnitedStates.ThishasmadetheUnitedStatesaveryinterestinganduniqueplacetolive.”，说明是因为有来自世界各地不同文化的人，所以美国是个独特的居住地方，选C。完型填空题（共10题）IntheUnitedStates,thereisalways____1____flowofpeopletoareasof____2____countrywheremorejobscanbefound.____3____,thelargepopulationmovementinAmericaisfromthecitiestothesuburbs.Asaresult,thecitieshavegrown____4____,whilethesuburbshavebecome____5____,especiallyintheNortheastandtheMidwest.Between1940and1960,thesuburbsofBoston,Chicago,andDetroit____6____by250percent.InLosAngelessuburbs____7____by300percent.Thepeople____8____movefromthecitiestothesuburbsaremainlymiddle-class.Theywanttoavoidthenoise,thedirt,andthecrimeofthecities.Theywantahomewithayard,andtheywant____9____privacy.Inthesuburbs,theirneighborsarelikelytohavemoresimilarincomesandideas____10____theydo.1.A.aB.theC.anD./答案：A。“aflowof”表示“一股……的潮流”，这里指一股人口流动的潮流，选A。2.A.theB.aC.anD./答案：A。“thecountry”在这里指美国这个国家，用定冠词“the”，选A。3.A.ButB.HoweverC.SoD.And答案：B。前后句是转折关系，“however”表示转折，且有逗号隔开，“but”转折时不用逗号，选B。4.A.smallerB.biggerC.betterD.worse答案：A。因为人们从城市搬到郊区，所以城市人口减少，规模变小，选A。5.A.largerB.smallerC.poorerD.dirtier答案：A。人们搬到郊区，郊区人口增多，规模变大，选A。6.A.increasedB.decreasedC.changedD.remained答案：A。根据前文郊区规模变大可知，这里说郊区人口增长了250%，“increase”表示“增长”，选A。7.A.grewB.shrankC.reducedD.dropped答案：A。同样表示郊区人口增长，“grow”有“增长，发展”的意思，选A。8.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whom答案：A。“who”引导定语从句，修饰先行词“people”，且在从句中作主语，选A。9.A.manyB.moreC.mostD.much答案：B。和城市相比，他们想要更多的隐私，用比较级“more”，选B。10.A.asB.thanC.thatD.which答案：B。“more...than...”是比较级结构，这里说在郊区邻居的收入和想法可能比在城市更相似，选B。笔译实务部分英译汉（共3题）1.Therapiddevelopmentoftechnologyhastransformedthewayweliveandwork.Ithasbroughtusclosertogetherinaglobalizedworld,enablinginstantcommunicationandseamlesscollaborationacrossborders.However,italsoposeschallenges,suchasprivacyconcernsandthedigitaldivide.技术的飞速发展已经改变了我们的生活和工作方式。在全球化的世界里，它让我们彼此的距离更近，实现了即时通讯和跨国界的无缝协作。然而，它也带来了挑战，比如隐私问题和数字鸿沟。分析：“rapiddevelopment”直译为“快速发展”；“transform”是“改变”；“instantcommunication”是“即时通讯”；“seamlesscollaboration”是“无缝协作”；“privacyconcerns”是“隐私问题”；“digitaldivide”是“数字鸿沟”。整体句子结构清晰，按正常语序翻译即可。2.Educationisthefoundationofanation'sdevelopment.Itempowersindividuals,equipsthemwithknowledgeandskills,andbroadenstheirhorizons.Awell-educatedpopulationiscrucialforacountrytothriveinthe21stcentury,asitdrivesinnovation,economicgrowth,andsocialprogress.教育是一个国家发展的基础。它赋予个人力量，让他们具备知识和技能，并拓宽他们的视野。在21世纪，受过良好教育的人口对于一个国家的繁荣至关重要，因为它推动创新、经济增长和社会进步。分析：“foundation”是“基础”；“empower”是“赋予权力，使有能力”；“equip...with...”是“用……装备，使具备”；“broadenhorizons”是“拓宽视野”；“thrive”是“繁荣，兴旺”。3.Theenvironmentisunderincreasingpressureduetohumanactivities.Deforestation,pollution,andclimatechangearesomeofthemostpressingissueswefacetoday.Wemusttakeimmediateactiontoprotectourplanetandensureasustainablefutureforgenerationstocome.由于人类活动，环境正面临着越来越大的压力。森林砍伐、污染和气候变化是我们如今面临的一些最紧迫的问题。我们必须立即采取行动来保护我们的地球，为子孙后代确保一个可持续的未来。分析：“underincreasingpressure”是“面临越来越大的压力”；“defor