博士英语试题

Ph.DEntranceExaminationin

EnglishMarch2005

PartTwoVocabulary&Structure(lOminutes,10points)

Directions:Ineachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwill

mostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Put

theletterofyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.

21.Achimpanzeegetsreassurancefromtouchinganotherchimpjustasa

person

comfortfromtouchinganotherperson.

A.deprivesB.deniesC.derivesD.differs

22.LatestevidencetoshowthatalthoughtheUnitedStatesisonlytoo

readyto

othercountriesforallegedhumanrightsabuses,ithas

turnedablind

eyetoseriousviolationsofhumanrightsonitsownsoil.

A.censureB.accuseC.imploreD.allow

23.WomenTodayisamagazinethathaslotsofpicturesof

fashionable

dressesandisprintedonexpensive,shinypaper.

A.glowingB.glaringC.gloriousD.glossy

24.Shehopedthattheaffaircouldbesettledwithouteitherofthem

hs.

aA.optionB.recourseC.appealD.assistance

v25.ThoughIalwayshaveanurgetocompletethatshortstory,Ijust

icouldn't

nwritingit.

gA.movearoundtoB.turnaroundtoC.

lookaroundtoD.getaroundto

t26.Thecirculatorysystemhelpswastesthatwouldharmthebody

oifthey

Iaccumulated.

eA.catchupwithB.bearupunderC.getridofD.runout

gof

a27.Inanattempttoduplicatethepaintingstyleofthelate1800's,

Iamateur

pphotographerJuliaMargaretCameronblurredherimagesto

rachievea

osofterline.

cA.apparentlyB.deliberatelyC.partiallyD.

emechanically

e28.Technologicaladvancescancausefactualdatatobecome;

dtherefore

istudentsshouldconcentrateonreasoningskill,ratherthanfacts.

nA.precariousB.solitaryC.obsoleteD.extinct

g29."Thecivilizedworldwillnotbeandthesekillerswillnot

deterdentBushsaidinahastilyarrangedpublicappearance.A.

mineintimidatedB.persuadedC.coaxedD.engaged

t30.Theseeventsarenottobeexplained_whathappenedlastweek.

h

4

e

u

t

u

r

e

o

f

I

r

a

q

P

e

A.inlinewithB.intermsof

C.inregardwithD.bymeansof

31.Let'sgoshopping,?

A.areweB.don'tweC.willweD.shallwe

32.Theyestimatedthenumberoftouristsabout18.2million.

A.atB.aroundC.inD.on

33.somanypeoplebeenoutofworkastoday.

A.Morethaneverbefore

B.Neverbeforehave

C.Inthepast,thereneverhave

D.Formerly,thereneverwere

34.Hewasresponsibleforlookingafterthelittlegirl.

A.wearingalong-sleevedblouse

B.wearinglongsleeves

C.andwearinglongsleeves

D.thatwearingalongsleeve

35.Ifculture_notdevelopedamongaspeciesofprimates,thenthe

forms

anddevelopmentofculturewouldbefundamentallydifferent.

A.hasB.haveC.hadD.is

36.Liberalstendtofavordoconservatives.

A.morethanimmediatesocialchange

B.changemoreimmediatethansocial

C.moreimmediatesocialchangethan

D.socialchangethanimmediate

37.TheSmithsonianInstitutionpreservesmorethansixty-fivemillion

itemsof

scientific,historicalorartisticinterest,_winningthepopulartitle,

"attic

ofthenation".

A.howeverB.thusC.andD.moreover

38.Innocircumstancecanmoreworkbegotoutofamachinethan_

A.isputintoitB.toputitintoit

C.tobeputintoitD.thatputsintoit

39.thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflabor

neededon

constructionsitesby90percent.

A.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

40.hewouldhavecometoclass.

A.IfMikeisabletofinishhishomework

B.WouldMikebeabletofinishhishomework

C.IfMikecouldfinishhishomework

D.IfMikehadbeenabletofinishhishomework

5

PartThreeClozeTest(10minutes,10points)

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblank

therearefourchoicesmarkedAfB,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONE

thatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronthe

ANSWERSHEET.

Theindustrialrevolution,whichbegansometimeintheeighteenth

century,wroughtgreaterchangesintechnologythanhadbeenseeninall

theprecedinghistoryofmankind.Bythemid-1800stherevolution41run

itscourse,andadvancedcountriesbegantoenjoysuchnoveltiesas

railways,steamships,electricity,telegraphyanda42ofsteamdriven

machinerythatvastlyboostedproductionandmadethe43countries

richerandmorepowerful.

Technology,alsoenriched,was44refinedtoproducethetelephone,

phonograph,

wirelesstelegraphy,industrialchemistry,scientificmedicine,the

automobileandthe

airplane.Improvements45massproductionsoonmadethese

newthings

availabletoordinarypeople,andbythe1930snewentertainment

industries,46theradioandsoundmotionpictures,enlivenedtheageof

massconsumption.

Allofthistookabout200years,47inthelaterstagesthepaceof

developmentaccelerated.IftheFirstWorldWarsteppedupthepaceof

industrialdevelopment48thesecondglobalconflictwasthecatalystfor

averitableexplosionoftechnology.It49tousthemixedblessingofjet

propulsion,television,nuclearenergyandweapons,spacetraveland

intercontinentalballisticmissiles,50breakthroughsincybernetics

(includingprototypecomputers),automationandpetrochemicals.An

arrayofnewplasticsandsynthetics,semiconductors,lasersandother51

changedthefaceofindustry,whileothersbeganto52thecharacter

ofsocietyandfamilylife.

Inshort,theescalationoftechnologymadelifemoreproductive,safer

andmoreagreeable,butalsomore53.Technologymadeitpossiblefor

humanbeingstoexploretheuniverse,butoutofcontrolitthreatenedto

54theearthandpossiblyexterminatehumanity.Inadvancedcountries55

broughtmanypeoplemoregoodsanddiversionsthantheyneededor

wantedwhiletheirfellowmeninless56countrieslongedforthemost

elementaryamenitiesorevendiedoffamine.Antibioticsandmodern

hygienegreatly57theaveragelifespan,butalsobroughtapopulation

58andproblemsofhowtoaccommodatehordesofelderlypeoplein

unpreparedsocieties.Inthemidstofsuchcontradictionswasborntoday's

59era,withitspotentialforbringingtohumaninstitutionschangesmore

drasticthan60sincethetimeourancestorscamedownoutofthe

trees.

41.A.haveB.hadC.havingD.was

42.A.numberB.amountC.setD.variety

43.A.industrialB.developingC.tropicalD.respective

44.A.nolongerB.alreadyC.furtherD.merely

45.A.inB.forC.ofD.onto

46.A.yieldingB.leadingC.includingD.affecting

47.A.orB.soC.forD.but

6

48.A.graduallyB.dramaticallyC.recentlyD.potentially

49.A.broughtB.seemedC.providedD.surprised

50.A.insteadofB.alongwithC.exceptforD.dueto

51.A.articlesB.discoveriesC.inventionsD.marvels

52.A.markB.coverC.alterD.influence

53.A.challengingB.outstandingC.convenientD.fashionable

54.A.damageB.polluteC.disposeD.explore

55.A.theyB.thatCitD.which

56.A.fortunateB.necessaryC.pollutedD.crowded

57.A.shortenedB.extendedC.gotatD.prolong

58.A.growthB.troubleC.tollD.explosion

59.A.communicationsB.atomC.informationD.computers

60.A.thingsB.whateverC.allD.anything

PartFourReadingComprehension(50minutes,25points)

SectionA(20minutes,15points)

Directions:Eachofthepassagebelowisfollowedbysomequestions.For

eachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyand

choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.PutyourchoiceontheANSWER

SHEET.

PassageOne

WeoftodaygetmostofourimpressionsoftheOldWestfrombooks,

frommovies,andfromoldyarnshandeddownbywordofmouth.Isit

anywonderthatweoftengetaprettypoorpictureoftheoldsix-gun

days?

Afewbooksandarticles,suchasStuartN.lake'sbiographyofWyatt

EarpandarticlesbyEdMcGivern,ElmerKeith,"Fitz"Fitzgerald,Major

Hatcher,andafewothers,areaccurateandshowanintimateknowledge

ofthecapabilitiesandlimitationsofthesix-gun.Thesewritersgivethe

old-timersthegreatcredittheydeservewithoutcheapeningthemwith

thecloakofquestionableglamourandalonglistofutterlyimpossible

shootingfeats.Thesamecannotbesaidofmanywritersofpopularfiction,

semi-historicalbooks,andmoviescenarios.Astoword-of-mouthyarns,

theaveragepersonlovesagoodstorysowellthathetriestooutdothe

onewhotoldthetaletohim.Oftenthetruefactsarelostinacolorful

hazeofimagination.

FewpeoplecanreadoneofthegoodWesternnovelswithoutkeen

enjoyment;yetanyonewhoknowstheWestrealizesthatcowboysspend

long,lonelymonthsontherangeworkingcattleandarenotcontinuously

ridingintotowndressedinfancytrappingsworthacoupleofyears'

wagesandperformingmarvelousshootingstuntswithasix-shooter.A

cowboy'slifeisfarfromtheexcitingroundofpleasureandthrillsdepicted

inmostWesternstoriesandpictures.Thesetalesarethrillingfables.

7

61.Obviously,thisarticlewaswritten

A.beforetelevision

B.beforemovies

C.veryrecently

D.byapersonwhohasneverbeentotheWest

62.StuartN.Lakeis

A.acowboy

B.aherooftheWest

C.WyattEarp'srealname

D.abiographer

63.Accordingtothisarticle,writersofpopularfiction

A.showanintimateknowledgeofthelimitationsofthesix-gun

B.cheapentherealheroesoftheWest

C.showanintimateknowledgeofthelifeofacowboy

D.giveaveryrealisticpictureoftheOldWest

64.Thecowboyinamodernmovie

A.spendsmostofhistimeintown

B.spendslonghoursridingtherange

C.wearsordinaryworkclothes

D.awkwardlyhandlesasix-gun

65.Themanwhowrotethisarticle

A.isEdMcGivern

B.doesnotlikemovies

C.hasprobablywrittenarticlesabouttheWest

D.thinksthatunvarnishedhistoricalfactsareuninteresting

Passage2

Inallsocieties,youareapttofindsomecreaturesthatpersistina

determinationnottofollowthecommunallineofleastresistance.Often,

suchnonconformityisproductiveofnothingthatcansurvive,butalso

fromsuchnonconformitymaycomenewmethodsandnewusesof

traditionalmaterials.Amongtheorbweaverspiders,wefindagroupthat

hasbrokensocompletelywiththepastthatitsmembersdonotspinorb

websatallbuthavesubstitutedanentirelydifferentmethodofcapturing

insects.Insteadofrelyingonthestaticbutdependableroundweb,they

spinaline,weightitwithastickydropofliquidsilk,andhurlitattheir

prey,muchastheGauchothrowshisbolasortheanglercastshisline

Nopoundinghoofsorshrillcriesattendthethrowingoftheviscidball

byMastophora,thebolasspider,whosesuccessfuleffortismarkedat

mostbythe

8

B.

frenziedbeatingoftheprey'ssoftwings.Veryquicklytheflutteringceases,

andnorecordofthemeansofcaptureisevidentwhenweseethespider

withitsbulkyprey.LongbeforetheSouthAmericanlearnedtothrowhis

bolasofroundstonestiedtoropesofbraidedrawhide,thebolasspider

wasaccomplishedinusingboleadoras.Butthisspiderhaskeptitssecret

sowellthatfewAmericansknowofitsexistence.Withthelicenseofan

inventor,itkeepsitslineattachedtoasinglebolaandhurlsitasasortof

lasso.Theviscidballisthenoosethatholdstheunwillinglypreyuntilthe

bolasenswathesitinbondsofsilk.

Spidershavedevisedmanyingeniousmethodsforstoppingand

ensnaringflyinginsects.Perhapstheonebestknown,andmostpleasing

totheeye,istheroundweb,ororbweb,composedmostlyofradiating

andspiralthreads.Mastophorabeliesitstrueheritageasanorbweaver

andgainsalivelihoodbyanenterprisinguseofsilk.

66.Inallsocieties,mostcreatures

A.arenonconformists

B.followthelineofleastresistance

C.aredeterminedtogotheirownway

D.initiatenewmethods

67.Thenonconformistsamongtheorbweavers

e

A.spinroundwebs

webs

D.capturetheirpreybyamethodsimilartoaGaocho's

68.WhentheMastophoraisseenwithitsprey,

A.themethodofcaptureisobvious

B.thereisnoevidenceofthemethodofcapture

C.thespiderremindsoneofahangman

D.bothAandB

69.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse?

A.Spidershavedevisedmanyingeniousmethodsofstoppingand

ensnaringinsects.

B.Thebestknownmethodofcapturinginsectsistheroundweb.

C.Spidersuseonlytwomethodsofcapturinginsects.

D.ThebolasspiderisunknowntomostAmericans.

70.Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe

A.OrbWeavers

B.TheConformist

C.OnVariousMethodsofCapturingInsects

D.Mastophora-Nonconformist

Passage3

Themoonhasbeenworshippedbyprimitivepeoplesandhasinspired

humanstocreateeverythingfromlunarcalendarstolovesonnets,but

whatdowereallyknowaboutit?Themostacceptedtheoryaboutthe

originoftheMoonisthatitwasformedofthedebrisfromamassive

collisionwiththeyoungEarthabout4.6billionyearsago.Ahugebody,

perhapsthesizeofMars,strucktheEarth,throwingoutanimmense

amountofdebristhatcoalescedandcooledinorbitaroundtheEarth.

ThedevelopmentofEarthisinextricablylinkedtothemoon;the

Moon'sgravitationalinfluenceupontheEarthistheprimarycauseof

oceantides.Infact,theMoonhasmorethantwicetheeffectuponthe

tidesthandoestheSun.TheMoonmakesonerotationandcompletesa

revolutionaroundtheEarthevery27days,7hours,and43minutes.This

synchronousrotationiscausedbyanunevendistributionofmassinthe

Moon(essentially,itisheavierononesidethantheother)andhasallowed

theEarth'sgravitytokeeponesideofthemoonpermanentlyfacingEarth.

ItisanaveragedistancefromEarthof384,403km.

Themoonhasnoatmosphere;withoutanatmosphere,theMoonhas

nothingtoprotectitfrommeteoriteimpacts,andthusthesurfaceofthe

Mooniscoveredwithimpactcraters,bothlargeandsmall.TheMoonalso

hasnoactivetectonicorvolcanicactivity,sotheerosiveeffectsof

atmosphericweathering,tectonicshifts,andvolcanicupheavalsthattend

toeraseandreformtheEarth'ssurfacefeaturesarenotatworkonthe

Moon.Infact,eventinysurfacefeaturessuchasfootprintleftbyan

astronautinthelunarsoilarelikelytolastformillionsofyears,unless

obliteratedbyachancemeteoritestrike.ThesurfacegravityoftheMoon

isaboutone-sixththatoftheEarth's.Therefore,amanweighing82

kilogramsonEarthwouldonlyweigh14kilogramsontheMoon.

ThegeographicalfeaturesoftheEarthmostlikethatoftheMoonare,

infactplacessuchastheHawaiianvolcaniccratersandthehugemeteor

craterinArizona.TheclimateoftheMoonisveryunlikeeitherHawaiior

Arizona,however;infactthetemperatureontheMoonrangesbetween

123degreesC.to-233degreesC.

71.Whatisthepassageprimarilyabout?

A.theMoon'seffectupontheEarth

B.theoriginoftheMoon

C.whatweknowabouttheMoonanditsdifferencestoEarth

D.acomparisonoftheMoonandtheEarth

72.Accordingtothepassage,theMoonis

A.olderthantheEarth

B.protectedbyadenseatmosphere

C.composedofafewactivevolcanoes

D.theprimarycauseofEarth'soceantides

io

numb

ered

and

73.Whydoestheauthormention"impactcraters"inparagraph3?

under

A.toshowtheresultoftheMoonnothavinganatmosphere

lined

B.toshowtheresultoftheMoonnothavingactivetectonicor

parts.

volcanicactivity

("Para

C.toexplainwhytheMoonhasnoplantlifebecauseofmeteorites

phras

D.toexplainthecorrosiveeffectsofatmosphericweathering

en

74.AllofthefollowingaretrueabouttheMoonEXCEPTmean

A.ithasawiderangeoftemperaturessto

B.itisheavierononesidethantheotherexplai

C.itisunabletoprotectitselffrommeteoriteattacksnthe

D.ithaslesseffectuponthetidesthantheSunmeani

ngin

75.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

your

A.theMoonisnotabletosupporthumanlife

own

B.iftheMoonhadnogravitationalinfluence,theEarthwouldnot

Engiis

havetides

h.)

C.peoplelivinginHawaiiandArizonawouldfeelathomeonthe

Write

Moon

your

D.MarscouldhavebeenformedinasimilarwaytotheMoon

answ

SectionB(30minutes,10points)eron

the

Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenparaphrasethe

Answ

erSheet.11

Theplaceofthechildinsocietyhasvariedforthousandsofyearsand

hasbeenaffectedbydifferentculturesandreligions.(76)Inancienttimes

unwantedchildrenwereoccasionallyabandoned,puttodeath,exploited,

orofferedforreligioussacrifices,andinanyeventalargepercentageof

themdidn'tsurvivetheirphysicallyhazardousexistencetoachieve

maturity.

InWesterncivilizationwithinthelastfewhundredyears,therehave

beenmanychangesinattitudetowardtheyoung.InagriculturalEurope,

andlaterwiththebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,thechildrenof

thepoorworkedthelonghoursforlittleornopay,andtherewasno

publicconcernfortheirsafetyorwelfare.(77)Punishmentcouldbebrutal

andsevere,andsometimesreligiouspassionswereexpressedviolently

withaviewtowardsavingthechild'ssoul.

Bytheeighteenthcenturytheharsh,deterministic,doctrinaire

methodsbegantoshowsomechange.(78)Societyslowlyaccorded

childrenaroleofmoreimportance-Bookswerewrittenexpresslyforthem

ardgraduallylawswerepassedtortheirprotection.

Inthepastfewdecadesparentshavebecomemoreattentivetothe

needsoftheirchildren.Betterhealthcareisavailableandeducationisno

longerreservedforalimitedfew.Withsomanynowabletogotocollege,

manyeducatorsfeelthatwehavetoomanystudentsandtoofew

competentscholars.(79)Somesaythependuluminchildrearinghns

swungsofartowardpermissivenessthatmanychildrenaregrowingup

alienatedfromsocietyandwithnorespectforlaworparentalauthority.

(80)Thetendencytodayisforteachersandparentstoemphasize

individualresponsibilityandtostressthateducationalgoalsforstudents

shouldbetailoredtotheirchosenvocationsratherthanprovidea

generalizedhighereducation.

PartFiveTranslation(40minutes,20points)

SectionA(20minutes,10points)

Directions:PutthefollowingshortpassageintoChinese.Writeyour

answeronyourANSWERSHEET.

Nearly20yearsago,AmoryLovinsfirstadvocatedenergyefficiency

ratherthanincreasingenergysupplies.Seenthenasagadfly,henow

advisesindustryandgovernmentonthecostbenefitsofconservation,

basedonresearchathisRockyMountainInstitute.Forexample,overits

lifetimeeachfluorescent(5A:7*6(ft)bulbadds1,000kilogramslesscarbon

dioxidetotheatmospherethananincandescent(fiUyRfttl)bulband

reduceselectricbills.

•

SectionB(20minutes,10points)

Directions:PutthefollowingshortpassageintoEnglish.Writeyour

answeronyourANSWERSHEET.

多数事情是不能没有朋友二独自享受的，但是阅读却是可以的。当我们独

自坐在家中时，我们能漫游世界，并且能够明白成千上万种事情产生的道理。我

们生活在现代，却能于生活在数千年前的人交谈。读书能丰富我们的阅历；使我

们能体验到别人对生活的感受，哪怕他们生活在千里之外，活数百年前。

PartSixWriting(40minutes,15points)

Directions:Writeacompositionofatleast200wordsonthefollowing

topicPleasewriteyourcompositionontheAnswerSheet.

Somepeopleliketocarryoutaresearchprojectontheirown,while

othersliketodoitinagroup.Whichwaydoyouprefer?Explainwhy.

12

PationinEnglishMarch2006

h

PartTwoVocabulary&Structure(lOminutes,10points)

Directions:Ineachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwill

mostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked

PuttheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.

L.

21Johnisa(an)reader,neverabsentfromthelibraryevenon

Sundays.

A.omnivorousB.spasmodicC.vacuousD.radical

22.Overthepast20years,thelivingconditionsofChinesepeoplehave

muchbeen

n

A.updatedB.amelioratedC.transferredD.aggravated

23.Despiteallits,atermofenlistmentinthePeaceCorpscanbe

both

stirringandsatisfyingtoacollegegraduatestillundecided

onacareer.A.rewardsB.adventuresC.romance

D.frustrations

24.TheEuropeanCommission,theexecutivearmoftheEuropeanUnion,

saidthatit

stillhopestoreachandealwithChinatosolvethecurrent

textile

disputes.

Aamiable

.25.Prosecutorsnettedthousandsofcorruptandnegligentofficialsthis

ayear,asignthe

mprosecutor'sofficesareenforcingtheirpowers.

icA.judiciaryB.objectiveC.meticulousD.supervisory

a26.Hotmoneyisatermusedinfinancialcirclesforfundsthatflow

blacrossdifferent

emarketsforquickprofits.

B.A.substantialB.shrewdC.speculativeD.salient

a27.PresidentBushandSen.JohnKerryarelockedinatieforthepopular

nivote,which

machunkofvoters___betweentheirdesireforchangeandtheir

adoubtsabout

tthealternative.

e1

d

C.

a

n

n

u

al

D

A.sufferB.vacillateC.promoteD.discriminate

28.Oncethepriceofthelandhasbeen,wecangoaheadtobuild

thetheatre.

A.agreedonB.agreedtoC.agreedatD.agreedwith

29.Thegovernmentistoprovidinguniversalhealthcare,quality

education,

affordablehousingandbetteremploymentopportunities.

A.applaudedB.committedC.dedicatedD.persisted

30.Someexpertssaythatepidemicdiseasessuchasbirdfluearenot

expectedto

influencethesupplyanddemandstructureforsoybeans,

becausepeople

can'tchangetheirdietsforshortperiods.

A.extremelyB.ironicallyC.entirelyD.significantly

31.Thefirmshouldmakeasubstantialprofit_satisfactorylabor

relationsare

maintained.

A.unlessB.withtheresultthatC.providedthatD.in

case

32.Certainlayersoftheatmospherehavespecialnames..

A.whichindicatedtheircharacterproperties

B.whosecharacteristicpropertiesareindicating

C.whatcharacterizetheirindicatedproperties

D.thatindicatetheircharacteristicproperties

33.Heismuchtooinhiswritings:hewritesapagewhena

sentenceshould

suffice.

A.deviousB.lucidC.efficientD.verbose

34.Earlierthisweek,theU.S.governmentorderedafreezeontheassets

of

KindHearts,aToledo-basedgroupfunnelingmoneytothe

militant

organizationHamas.

A.suspectedofB.accusedofC.chargedwithD.dealt

with

35.Shelivesentirelyalonetherats,bats,mothsandmice.

A.inspiteofB.besidesC.apartfromD.letalone

36.Consideringherreputationasagourmet,thedinnersheservedwas

only

A.mediumB.moderateC.mediocreD.intermediate

2

37.Theincrediblethingabouttelephonesacrossthecontinents,but

that

youcanrecognizetheotherperson'svoice.

A.isnotthatpeoplecaninstantlytalktoeachother

B.isthatpeoplecantalkinstantlytoeachother

Cisitprovidesinstanttalkingtoeachother

D.isitallowspeopletotalkinstantly

38.incaseswherecomplicatedproceduresareneeded,theuseof

plasticis

generallyacost-savingprocedurethatcanalsomakeaproductseem

shinyand

desirable.

A.ThereareB.EventhoughC.ExceptD.How

39.Thebenefitsofstair-climbingfirstgainedattentionin1968,when

fitness______________________________________________________________________

Dr.KennethCooperpromotedaerobicexerciseasagoodwayto

strengthenmusclesandbuildendurance.

A.strategyB.guruC.peerD.tack

40.EventhoughDNAisastrongmolecule,_breaksandinadvertent

changes

whichcannotbede