专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷110

专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷110

一、阅读理解（本题共25题，每题1.0分，共25分。）

Acomputerisamachinedesignedtoperformworkmathematicallyandtostoreand

selectinformationthathasbe^nfedintoit.Itisrunbyeithermechanicalorelectronic

means.Thesemachinescandoagreatdealofcomplicatedworkinaveryshorttime.A

largecomputer,forexample,canaddorsubtractninethousandtimesasecond,multiplya

thousandtimesasecond,ordividefivehundredtimesasecond.Itspercentageoferroris

aboutoneinabilliondigits.Ithasbeenestimatedthathumanbeingsmakingcalculations

averageaboutonemistakepertwohundreddigits.Theheartofanelectroniccomputer

liesinitsvacuumtubes,ortransistors.Itselectroniccircuitsworkathousandtimesfaster

thanthenervecellsinthehumanbrain.Aproblemthatmighttakeahumanbeingtwo

tearstosolvecanhesolvedbyacomputerinoneminute,butinordertoworkproperly,a

computermustbegiveninstructions-itmustbeprogrammec.Computerscanbe

designedformanyspecializedpurposes—theycanbeusedtopreparepayrolls,guide

airplaneflights,directtraffic,evenplaychess.Computersplayanessentialrolein

modernautomationinmanyplantsandfactoriesthroughouttheworld.

1、Acomputerisamachinedesignedto.

A、performworkmathematically

B、performcomplicatedcalculations

C、storeandselectinformation

D^allof（heabove

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由文章第一段第一句"Acomputerisamachinedesignedtoperform

workmathematicallyandcostoreandselectinformationthathasbeenfedintoit.”及后

面的“Thesemachinescandoagreatdealofcomplicatedworkinaveryshorttime.“可

知D项正确。

2、Theselectioncallsthevacuumtubestheelectroniccomputer's.

A^nervecells

B、brain

C、nervoussystem

D^heart

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第二段第一句说到“Theheartofanelectroniccomputerliesinits

vacuumtubes”，故选D。

3、Theselectionsaysthatcomputersplayanessentialrolesin.

A、automationprocesses

B、mathematicalcomputations

C、trafficcontrol

D、thedevelopmentofmathematicaltheory

标准答案:A

知识点解析：文章第三段最后一句说至『'Computersplayanessentialroleinmodern

automationinmanyplantsandfactoriesthroughouttheworld.”其中"inmodem

automation”与A选项对应。

4、Theuseofcomputersforspecializedpurposesdependsonthe.

A、designofcomputer

B、powerusedtooperatethecomputer

C、difficultyofthemathematicalcalculationsinvolved

D、theabilityoftheprogrammer

标准答案：A

知识点解析:文章第三段第一句话说到"Computerscanbedesignedformany

specializedpurposes—theycanbeusedtopreparepayrolls,guideairplaneflights,

directtraffic,evenplaychess.”可推知电脑可以被设计用于不同的目的，因此正确

答案为A。

5、Theselectionimpliesthathumanbeingsdifferfromcomputersinthathuman

beings.

A、makefewererrors

B、donothavetobeprogrammed

C、workmorequickly

D^understandtheirinstructions

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第二段最后一句说到“…acomputermustbegiveninstructions—it

mustbeprogrammed.”这是计算机和人的不同之处，故选B。

The"balanceofnature"isnotanemptyphrase.Natureprovidesapopulationtooccupya

suitableenvironmentandcutsdownsurpluspopulationtofittheavailablefoodsupply.

Onemeansofreducingsurpluspopulationispredators（食肉动4勿）；othersareparasites

（寄生虫）anddiseases.Also,populationdensityproducesnervousdisordersandeven

drivesanimalstomassmigrations,likethelemmings（旅鼠）ofNonvaywhoplunge

inlo（跳人）Ihesea.Thatpredatorspopulationsincreasetocontrolotheranimalshaslong

beenknown.Manyyearsago,theHudson'sBayCompanyrecordsrevealedthatthefbx

populationwentupanddownaboutayearaftertherabbitpopulationhadgoneupand

down.Sometimesasituationoccursinwhichthepredatorspopulationisreducedtoa

levelbelowthatwhichnaturecanreadilyreplace.OnValcourIslandinLakeChamplain

（NewYork）,acostlycampaignresultedintheeliminationofpredatoryanimalsonlyto

havebirdsandsmallanimals—includinggrouse（松鸡）andhares,populargame（猎物）一

increaseforfouryear*a什erward.Thenlackingpredatorcontml,natureresortedto

diseasestocutdownthesepopulations.Jamaicahadanexampleofnature'spersistencein

providinganimalsforexistinghabits.Sugarplanters,abom75yearsago,imponed

mongoosestocontrolrats.Themongooseskilledofftheratsand,withplentifulfood,

multiplied.Ratsbecamescarceand(hemongoosesatelambs,kids,puppies(小狗)，and

wildlife.Eventually,foodbecamescarceandthemongoose'spopulationdeclined.

6、Accordingtothearticle,thephrase"balanceofnature"means.

A^therelationofwildlifetoman

B、theadequacyofthefoodsupplytosupportitsanimalpopulation

C、theratioofsmallgametopredators

D^(hedestructionofpredators

标准答案：B

知识点解析：thebalanceofnature的意思在文中第一段第二句便作了解释：Nature

providesapopulationtooccupyasuitableenvironmentandcutsdownsurpluspopulation

(ofittheavailablefoodsupply.故B正确。

7、Theeffectofpredatorcontroloverotheranimalpopulations.

A^hasjustbeenlearned

B、isnotrecentknowledge

C、isnotimportantnow

D、waslearnedinNorway

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第二段中第一句说到“Thatpredatorspopulationsincreasetocontrol

otheranimalshaslongbeenknown.”这里的longbeenknown意为“很久以来便知道

的即是选项B的意思。

8、Whenpredatorscontrolisnotavailable,naturebringsanimalpopulationintobalance

byresortingto.

A^hunters

diseases

C、stormsandflood

D、forestfires

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第三段At最后一句说到“Thenlackingpredatorcontrol,nature

resortedtodiseasestocutdownthesepopulations.”而且在文中的第一段已指出有三

种方式：其一食肉动物，其二寄生虫，其三是疾病。这里的nature即用的是第三种

方式。故选B。

9、WhenthemongoosesinJamaicakilledofftherats,they.

A、quicklydiedforlackoffood

B、attackedhumans

C、becameproblemsthemselves

atethesugarcrop

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第四段结尾说至『'Themongooseskilledofftheratsand,withplentiful

food,multiplied.Ratsbecamescarceandmongoosesatelambs,kids,puppies（小

狗）andwildlife.”可推知mongooses杀了rats后,它们自身生存也成了问题。故选

Co

10^Impliedbutnotstated;.

A、Sugarplantersimportedmongoosestocontrolrats

B、Manshouldneverlamper（损害）withnature

C、Toupsetthebalanceofnaturecanbetroublesome

D、Manhascompletecontrolovernature

标准答案；C

知识点解析：文中一开始便提到了自然界的平衡，而文中结尾处举的例子也表明，

破坏平衡会造成问题。故选C。

Inspiteofthestrongoppositiontonewandstrictenvironmentallaws,however,itisstill

possibletoattacktheproblemofchemicalpollution;butwemustattackitfromthree

directions.First,weneedmoreindependentresearchintotheeffectsofchemicalsby

scientistswhoarenotpaidbythegovernmentorbylargeindustrialcompanies.Second,

scientistsneedtoeducatethegeneralpublicandinform（hemaboutthedangersof

chemicalsin（heenvironment.Ifthepublicknows（hatacertainchemicalthreatensthe

healthoftheirchildren,thenitwillputpressureonpoliticians,inlocalandnational

government.Ifthepoliticianwanttoremaininoffice,theywilltakeactiontocorrectthe

long-termeconomiccostsofchemicals.Itwillbeextremelyexpensivetocleanareasof

landwhicharecontaminated（污染）bychemicals;i（willbeevenmorecostlytogive

medicaltreatmenttopeoplewhoaresufferingfromseriousillnessesafterexposureto

dangerouschemicals.Ifgovernmentsrealizethis,theshort-termeconomicbenefitsof

chemicalswillseemmuchlessattractivetothem.Ifwecanputpressureongovernments

inthesethreeways,perhapstheywillbegintobehavemoreresponsibly.Theywill

perhapspassnewlawsagainstpollutionandenforcethemstrictly.Perhaps,then,the

chemicalproducerswillbegintobehavemoreresponsibly.

11、Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A^TheEnvironmentinDanger

B、TheProblemofChemicalPollution

C、NewandStrictEnvironmentalLaws

D、PossibleSolutionstoChemicalPollution

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章开头便是中心句”…itisstillpossibletoattacktheproblemof

chemicalpollution；butwemustattackitfromthreedirections.”因此D正确。

12、Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

A^Twocontrastingviewsofaproblemarepresented.

B、Aprocedureisexplainedanditsimportanceisemphasized.

C、Ageneralstatementisgivenandpossiblewaysarcpresented.

D、Recentscientificadvancementsareoutlinedinorderofimportance.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文章结构可知，文章一开始提出了中心问题，即要解决化学污染

问题，而后从三个方面提出解决方法。所以文章的结构是先提出论点，然后从三个

方面进行论证。故选C。

13、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthegovernmentsmentionedin(hepassage?

A、Theyarcalreadybehavinginanextremelyresponsibleway.

B、Theydonotbelievethatitispossibletosolvethechemicalpollution.

C、Theythinkchemicalsdolittleharmtothehealthofhumans.

D、Theyareunwillingtostoptheuseofcertainchemicals.

标准答案；D

知识点解析：从第一，段最后一句话“Ifgovernmentsrealizethis»theshort—term

economicbenefitsofchemicalswillseemmuchlessattractivetothem.”可推理出目前

化学制品的经济利益依然对政府很有吸引力，因此政府不乐意停止使用化学制品。

故D正确。

14、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A、Theeconomyismoreimportanttogovernmentsthanthepeople'shealthis.

B、Governmentsthinkchemicalsbringthemmoreeconomicpollution.

C、Thepublicknowsenoughaboutthedangersofchemicalpollution.

D、Thegovernmentsfullyrealizethelong-termeconomiccostsofchemicalpollution.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由第1段第四句”…thenitwillputpressureonpoliticiansinoffice,and

Iheywill..”可看出政府没有完全意识到化学污染的危害，而更多的在乎经济利益，

文章一直用if来表示将来政府会怎么做，因此选A更为正确。

15、Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenif(hegovernmentsstoptheuseofsome

chemicals?

A^Theeconomyofthecountrieswillsuffer.

B、Unemploymentin(hecountrieswillgrow.

C、Somepeopleandscientistswillcriticizethem.

D^Thechemicalproducerswillstronglyprotest.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从文章第一段可知，使用某些化学制品会带来经验效益，所以可推

出，一旦停止使用化学制品，经济必会遭到损失。故选A。

Believeitornot,opticalillusioncancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.1(has

reducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleoptical

illusion.Bentstripes,calledchevrons,paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthatthey

aredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.Now(heAmerican

AutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningto

repeatJapan'ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandother

patternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatterns

reducehighwaycrashes.Excessivespeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofall

fataltrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,the

foundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsarcthegreatest一

curves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,

horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.

However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedto

seeingthepaintedbars.Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthat

(heyaredrivingfaster(hantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.

Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftraffic

accidents.

16、Thepassagemainlydiscusses.

A^anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrol

B、anewpatternforpaintinghighways

C、anewapproachtotrainingdrivers

D、anewtypeofopticalillusion

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第一段点明了文章的主旨，接下来分层介绍了利用视觉错觉减少高速

路上交通事故的方法和好处，因此应选A。

17>Onroadspaintedwithchevrons,driverstendtofeelthat.

A、theyshouldavoidspccd-rciatcdhazards

B、theyaredrivinginthewronglane

C^theyshouldslowdowniheirspeed

D、theyarcapproachingthespeedlimit

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题答案可定位在第二段最后一句话“Bentstripes...andthusdrivers

slowdown."，think和feel属于关键词替换，think后面就是答案：认为他们开的

比实际速度要快，然后会慢下来。故选C。

18、Theadvantageofchevronsoverstraight,horizontalbarsisthattheformer.

A、cankeepdriversawake

R、cancutrendaccidentsinhalf

C、willhavealongereffectondrivers

D、willlookmoreattractive

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从文章最后一段的最后一句可知，人字形线能较长期降低汽车在公路

上的行驶速度和减少交通事故的次数。而且第五段最后一句说“However,traffic

oftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepainted

bars."(然而，往往几个月后车辆又恢复全速，因为司机已习惯看到那些横线)。两

者比较，人字形的影响时间更长，所以选C。

19、TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplans

to.

A^tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareas

B、changetheroadsignsacrossthecountry

C、replacestraight,horizontalbarswithchevrons

D、repeattheJapaneseroadpatterns

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题可从第三段中找答案，A中repeal和文中iryout、onselected

roads和文中incertainareas都是同义替换,答案就是A。

20Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroads?

A、TheyarefallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates.

B、Theytendtobeignoredbydriversinashortperiodoftime.

C、Theyarcapplicableonlyonbroadroads.

D、Theycannotbeappliedsuccessfullytotrafficcircles.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由第五段最后一句"However,trafficoften...asdriversbecome

usedtoseeing(hepaintedbars.”可知当司机们看习惯了那些直的、水平的条纹后，

又会恢复全速开车。因此B项符合题意。

Abreakthrough(突破)intheprovisionofenergyfromthesunfortheEuropean

EconomicCommunity(EEC)couldbebroughtforwardbyuptotwodecades,ifamodest

increasecouldbeprovidedintheEECsresearcheffortinthisfield,according(o(he

seniorEECscientistsengagedinexperimentsinsolarenergyatEECsscientific

laboratoriesatIspra,nearMilan.TheseniorWestGermanscientistinchargeofthe

Community'ssolarenergyprogram,Mr.JoachimGretz,toldjournaliststhatatpresent

levelsofresearchspendingitwasmostunlikelythatsolarenergywouldprovideasmuch

asthreepercentoftheCommunity'senergyrequirementsevenaftertheyear2000.Buthe

saidthatwithamodestincreaseinthepresentsums,devotedbytheEECtothisworkit

waspossiblethatthebreakthroughcouldbeachievedbytheendofthenextdecade.Mr.

GrctzcalculatesthatifsolarenergyonlyprovidedthreepercentoftheEEC'sneeds,this

couldstillproduceasavingofaboutabillionpoundsinthepresentbillforimported

energyeachyear.Andhebelievesthatwiththepossibilityofutilizingmoreadvanced

technologyinthisfielditmightbepossibletosatisfyamuchbiggershareofthe

Community'sfutureenergyneeds.AtpresenttheEECspendsabout2.6millionsayear

onsolarresearchatIspra,oneoftheEEC'sofficialjointresearchcenters,andanother3

millionsayearinindirectresearchwithuniversitiesandotherindependentbodies.

21、Thephrase"bebroughtforward"inLine2mostprobablymeans.

A、beexpected

B、becompleted

C、beadvanced

D、beintroduced

标准答案：C

知识点解析：forward本义有“向前”的意思，bringforward意思是“把...提前”。在

本句中它有“向前发展••的意思，故C为最佳选项。

22>Somescientistsbelieve(hatabreakthroughintheuseofsolarenergydepends

on.

Assufficientfunding

B、furtherexperiments

C、advancedtechnology

D^well-equippedlaboratories

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第二段第一句提出”...atpresentlevelsofresearchspendingitwas

mostunlikelythat…''和最后——句“…withamodestincreaseinthepresentsums,

devotedbytheEECtothisworkitwaspossiblethat…”可以推理出问题出在资金上。

故A正确。

23AccordingtoMr.Gretz,thepresentsumofmoneywillenablethescientiststo

provide.

A、alittlemor