专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷72

专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷72

一、阅读理解（本题共25题，每题7.0分，共25分。）

Lookingbackonmychildhood,Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarcbornandnotmade.

Althoughwewereallbroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoon

abandonedtheirpressedflowersandinsects.Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicand

languages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdomentalarithmetic.BeforeWorld

WarIwespentoursummerholidaysinHungary.Ihaveonlythedimmemoryofthe

housewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyof

grand-parents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystal­

clearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirdsand,aboveall,theinsects.I

amanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmy

enthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsand

enjoyburningthemidnightoilwhilereadingaboutotherpeople'sobservationsand

discoveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmy

consciousmind.Suddenlyyoufancyyouseetheanswertotheriddle,becauseitall

seemstofittogether.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandbooks,which

somemighthonorwiththetitleofscientificresearch.Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agood

memoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist;oneofthe

outstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself-discipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientist

requiresnotonlyself-disciplinebuthardtraining,determinationandagoal.Ascientist,

uptoapoint,canbemade.Anaturalistisborn.Ifyoucancombinethetwo,yougetthe

bestofbothworlds.

1、Thefirstparagraphtellsusthattheauthor.

A、wasborntoanaturalist'sfamily

B、losthishearingwhenhewasachild

C>didn'tlikehisbrothersandsisters

D、wasinterestedinHov/ersandinsectsinhischildhood

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文章第一段第二句"Althoughwcwereallbroughtupinthesame

way,mybrothersandsisterssoonabandonedtheirpressedflowersandinsects.”可推

知作者的兄弟姐妹不久就放弃了这种爱好，而作者却没有。因此选D。

2、Theauthorcan'trememberhisrelativesclearlybecause.

A、hedidn'tliveverylongwiththem

hewasfullyoccupiedwithobservingnature

C、hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththem

D、thefamilywasextremelylarge

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从第二段最后一句"ButIdohaveacrystal-clearmemoryofthedogs,

thefarmanimals,thelocalbirdsand,abovealLtheinsects.”可推断出答案是B。

3、Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

A、Theauthorbelievesthatabomnaturalistcannotbeascientist.

B、Theauthor'sbrothersandsistersweregoodatmusicandlanguages.

C、Theauthorreadalotofbooksaboutthenaturalworldandtheoilindustry.

D、Theauthorspentaloloftimeworkingonriddles.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由第一段倒数第二句"Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicand

languages.”可推断出作者的兄弟姐妹们都很擅长音乐和语言。其他几项都同文意

不相符。

4、Theauthorsaysthatheisanaturalistratherthanascientistprobablybecausehe

thinkshe.

A、lackssomeofthequalitiesrequiredofascientist

B、hasagreatdealoftroubledoingmentalarithmetic

C、justreadsaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveries

D、comesupwithsolutionsinamostnaturalway

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第四段第一句说到”...oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualities

requiredisself-discipline,aqualitylack.”因止匕选A。

5、Accordingtotheauthor,abornnaturalistshouldfirstofallbe.

A、fullofambition

B、fullofenthusiasm

C、knowledgeable

D、self-disciplined

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从文章第三段第二句"Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmy

enthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.”可布知一个天生的自然学家最首要

的条件是enthusiasm。故选B。

Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewed

biologically,themodernfootballerisinrealityamemberofahuntinggroup.Hiskilling

weaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhisprey（猎物）intoagoal-mouth.Ifhis

aimisaccurateandhescoresagoal,heenjoysthehunter'striumphofkillinghisprey.To

understandhowthistransformationhastakenplace,wemustbrieflylookbackatour

forefathers.Theyspentoveramillionyearsevolvingasco-operativehunters.Theirvery

survivaldependedonsuccessinthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayof

life,eventheirbodies,becamegreatlychanged.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,

aimers,throwersandprey-killers.Theyco-operatedasskillfulmale-groupattackers.

Thenabouttenthousandyearsago,afterthisimmenselylongperiodofhuntingtheir

food,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,

wasputtoanewuse—thatofcontrollinganddomesticatingtheirprey.Thehuntbecame

suddenlyoutofdate.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisks

anduncertaintiesofthehuntwerenolongeressentialforsurvival.Theskillsandthirst

forhuntingremained,however,anddemandednewoutlets.Huntingforsportreplaced

huntingfornecessity.Thisnewactivityinvolvedalltheoriginalhuntingsequences,but

theaimoftheoperationv/asnolongertoavoidstarvation.Insteadthesportsmensetoff

totesttheirskillagainstpreythatwerenolongeressentialtotheirsurvival.Tobesure,

thekillmayhavebeeneaten,buttherewereother,muchsimplerwaysofobtaininga

meatymeal.

6、Theauthorbelievesthatsportingactivities.

A、areformsofbiologicaldevelopment

B、areessentiallyformsoftamingtheprey

C^haveactuallydevelopedfromhunting

D、havechangedthewayofhunting

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由文章第一段第一句"Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedforms

ofhuntingbehavior.”可知正确答案是Co

7、Inafootballgame,whatisequaltothepreyinhuntingis.

A、anymemberoftheopposingteam

B、thegoal-mouth

C^thegoalkeeper

D、thefootball

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由第一段第三句"Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootball

andhisprey(猎物)intoagoal—mouth.”可知B正确。

8、Foroveramillionyears,ourforefatherswerebasically.

A、co-operatinghunters

B、successfulfarmers

C、runnersandjumpers

D、skillfulsportsmen

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第二段第二句说到“Theyspentoveramillionvearsevolvingasco­

operativehunters.”因此选A。

9、Theword^operation"(Para.4)refersto.

A、domesticatinganimals

B、hunting

C、preykilling

D、sportsactivities

标准答案：D

知识点解析:从上下文准测“Thisnewactivityinvolvedalltheoriginalhunting

sequences,buttheaimoftheoperationwasnolongertoavoidstarvation.”在这里the

operation和newactivity相对应。只有D项正确。

10、Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

A、Itisfarmingthatgiveshumanbeingsenoughleisuretimeforsportingactivities.

B、Farmingisveryimportantinhumancivilizationbecauseitsaveshumanbeingsfrom

risksanduncertaintiesofhuntingforsurvival.

C^Itishuntingthatprovideshumanbeingswithmuchsimplerwaysofobtainingmeaty

meals.

D、Sportingactivitiessatisfythedesireofmodernmantoexercisehuntingskillswhich

hisforefathersdevelopedfbrsurvival.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第一段讲了足球起源，而第二、三段讲了过程的发展，最后一段

讲一些区别。只有D概括了整个内容。

Asubjectwhichseemstohavebeeninsufficientlystudiedbydoctorsandpsychologistsis

theinfluenceofgeographyandclimateonthepsychologicalandphysicalhealthof

mankind.Thereseemsnodoubtthatthegeneralcharacterofthelandscape,therelative

lengthofdayandnight,andtheclimatemustallplayabigpartindeterminingwhatkind

ofpeopleweare.Itistruethatafewstudieshavebeenmade.Wherealltheinhabitantsof

particularareaenjoyexceptionallygoodorbadhealth,scientistshaveidentified

contributoryfactorssuchasthepresenceorabsenceofsubstanceslikeiodine,fluoride,

calcium,orironinthewatersupply,orperhapstypesoflandthatprovidebreedingplaces

forpestslikemosquitoesorrats.Moreover,wecanallgeneralizeabouttypesofpeople

wehavemet.Thoselivingincountrieswithlongdarkwintersareapttobelesstalkative

andlessvivacious（活泼的）thaninhabitantsofcountrieswheretheclimateismore

equable（稳定）.Andwheretheoliveandtheorangegrow,theretheinhabitantsare

cheerful,talkative,andspontaneous.Butthesecommonplacegeneralizationsare

inadequate:theinfluenceofclimateandgeographyshouldbestudiedindepth.Doall

mountaindwellerslivetoaripeoldage?Doesthedrinkingofwine,ratherthanbeer,

resultinasunnyandopentemperament?IsthestrengthandheightofoneoftheKenyan

tribesduetotheirhabitualdrinkingofthebloodofcows?Wearenotyetsureofthe

answerstosuchquestions,butletushopethatsomethingofbenefittomankindmay

eventuallyresultfromsuchstudies.

11、mightserveasasuitabletitleforthisselection.

A^TheImportanceofGeographicalEnvironment

B、TheInfluenceofGeographicalEnvironmentonMan

C、GeneralizationofTypesofPeople

D、GeographicalEnvironment,aMysteriousSubject

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章先提出一个问题，而后是说明。文章的段首“Asubjectwhich

seemstohavebeeninsufficientlystudiedbydoctorsandpsychologistsistheinfluenceof

geographyandclimateonthepsychologicalandphysicalhealthofmankind.''即是中

心。故选Bo

12>Usingcontextclueswemayinferthat"iodine,fluoride,andcalcium"are.

A、substanceswhichactpositivelyornegativelyonman'shealth

B、harmfulsubstancesinthewatersupply

C、substanceswhichhelpprovidebreedingplacesforpests

D、substancescontributorytogoodhealth

标准答案：A

知识点解析：结合上F文“Wherealltheinhabitantsofparticularareaenjoy

exceptionallygoodorbadhealth,scientistshaveidentifiedcontributoryfactorssuchas

thepresenceorabsenceofsubstanceslikeiodine,fluoride,calcium,orironinthe

watersupply…”可知科学家已识别造成居民身体好坏的一些因素，其中包括

“iodine,fluoride,calcium”,故选A。此题的关键要读出exceptionallygoodorbad

health和thepresenceorabsenceo

13、Wemayinferfromthethirdparagraphthatgeographyandclimateplayanimportant

roleindeterminingtheinhabitants,.

A、healthcondition

B、personality

C、life-span

D、alloftheabove

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从文章第三段的"talktive”“vivacious”“cheerful¥rspontaneok^i^nf

以推断出本段主要讲的是气候对性格的影响。因此B项正确。

14、Accordingtotheauthor,researchintotheinfluenceofgeographyandclimate

should.

A、focusonsomeunknownaspects

B、bepursuedonalargerscale

C、becarriedoutwithinalargerscope

D、gomuchdeeper

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第四段第一句说到“Butthesecommonplacegeneralizationsare

inadequate：theiniluenceofclimateandgeographyshouldbestudiedindepth.”在文

中indepth与答案gomuchdeeper属于同义替换。

15NTheauthorhopesthatstudiesontheinfluenceofgeographicalenvironmentwill

enableusto.

ANgeneralizebetterabouttypesofpeople

B、findbetterwatersupplies

C、gainaninsightintoitsinfluenceonmankind

D、livetoaripeoldage

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章最后一句话“…butletushopethatsomethingofbenefittomankind

mayeventuallyresultfromsuchsludies."表明了作者的希望。C总结最全面。故选

Co

Theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings;theinventionof

labor-savingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.Labor-saving

machinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce."InEurope,1'saidThomas

Jefferson,"theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland,laborbeingsufficient;hereitisto

makethemostofourlabor,landbeingabundant."ItwasinAmerica,therefore,thatthe

greatadvancesinthenineteenthcenturyagriculturalmachineryfirstcame.Atthe

openingofthecentury,withtheexceptionofacrude（粗糙的）plow,farmerscouldhave

carriedpracticallyalloftheexistingagriculturaltoolsontheirbacks.By1860,mostof

themachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantof

theearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearlyas1890CharlesNewboltofNewJersey

hadbeenworkingontheideaofacast-ironplowandspenthisentirefortunein

introducinghisinvention.Thefarmers,however,wouldhomenoneofit,claimingthat

theironpoisonedthesoilandmadetheweedsgrow.Nevertheless,manypeopledevoted

theirattentiontotheplow,untilin1869,JamesOliverofSouthBend,Indiana,turnedout

thefirstchilled-steelplow.

16、Theword"here'1inLine4refersto.

A^Europe

B、America

C>NewJersey

D^Indiana

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据上下文，这里的“here”指的是美国。

17、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A、TheneedforlaborhelpedtheinventionofmachineryinAmerica.

B、ThefannerrejectedCharlesNewbolfsplowfbrfearofruinoftheirfields.

C^BothEuropeandAmericahadgreatneedforfarmmachinery.

D、ItwasinIndianathatthefirstchillcd-stcclplowwasproduced.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第三句说到："InEurope,theobjectistomakethemostoftheir

land,laborbeingsufficient；hereitistomakethemostofourlabor,landbeing

abundant."（在欧洲，由于劳动力充足，所以要充分利用土地；而在美国，由干土

地充足，所以要充分使用劳动力。）因此说欧洲和美国都急需农业机械化是错误

的。C为正确答案。

18、Thepassageismainlyabout.

A^theagriculturerevolution

B>theinventionoflabor-savingmachinery

C、thedevelopmentofscientificagriculture

D^thefarmingmachineryinAmerica

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章的主旨应当是“节省劳动力的机器的发明”。

19>Attheopeningofthenineteenthcentury,farmersinAmerica.

A、preferredlighttools

wereextremelyself-reliant（自给的）

C、hadmanytools

D、hadveryfewtools

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第五句说到："Attheopeningofthecentury,withtheexceptionof

acrudeplow,farmerscouldhavecarriedpracticallyalloftheagriculturaltoolstheir

backs."（在本世纪（19世纪）初，除了一把粗糙的耕犁之外，农民可以把其余所有的

农具放在背上。）说明当时的农具很少。D为正确答案。

20、Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat.

A、therewasashortageofworkersonAmericanfarms

B、themostimportantoftheearlyinventionwastheironplow

C、after1869,manypeopledevotedtheirattentiontotheplow

D、CharlesNewbolthadmadeafortunebyhiscast-ironplow

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章暗含的内容是“美国缺乏劳动力”，

Katherinewalkedintoanewspaperoffice,anddemandedtoseetheeditor.Fortunately,

theeditorwaspassingtheinquiryofficewhensheaskedforhim.Seeingshewasagirlof

schoolage,hethoughtitmightofferhimanamusingfiveminutesbetweeninterviews.

Katherinewasveryrudeiohimwhenhetoldher（heydidn'tacceptschoolgirls.Shesaid

shewassurprisedthattheeditorofagreatLondonnewspaperdidnotknowhowto

behavelikeagentleman.Theeditorsatbackinhischairandlaughedheartily.Hehad

neverbeenspokentolikethatinhislife.Heratherlikeditforitsnovelty.Aftersome

furtherconversation,inwhichKatherineattemptedtopersuadehimthatshecoulddo

anythinghewanted,fromwritingaleadingarticletoaserialstory,shesaid:"Iamnot

goingtoleavethisroomuntilyouputmeonthestaff!"Thentheeditorhadtospeakto

herratherseriously,andtoldherwhatagreatLondonnewspapermeanttoa.girlandhow

utterlyignorantshewasofeverythingthatwouldmakeherusefulasajournalist.Upon

thisKatherineburstintotears,andtheeditor,whohaddismissedmanymeninthecourse

ofhiscareer,walkedupanddowntheroomwonderingwhathecoulddoforthis

extraordinaryyounggirlwhosetearfuleyesweresofullofdisappointment."Lookhere,"

hesaid,"ifyoucometomeintwoyears'time,withaknowledgeofshorthand,andifyou

promisenottoshedtearsonmyblotting-paper,Iwillgiveyousomethingtodo."

"Really?Ifyoudon'tmind,I'llhaveitinblackandwhite,"saidthegirl.Theeditorwas

startled.Hebegantothinkthatthisyounggirlwasnotsoyoungasshelooked.He

draftedoutanagreementforheronthelineslaiddownwithagreatdealofsolemnity（严

肃）whichhefoundquiteamusing,forhewasconfidentthattheyounggirlmightquiteas

wellchangehermindorwouldbeengagedtoaniceboylongbeforetheagreementtook

effect.

21、Therealreasonwhytheeditordecidedtointerviewthegirlwasthath