Grammar句子成分和基本句型课件-初高中英语衔接语法复习专项

Sentenceelements&Basicsentencestructures初升高衔接——句子成分&基本句型

举例成分I

saw

(thefat)

boy

Tom

crying

onthetrain

and

he

was

cute.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语↓补语↓主语↓系动词↓表语↓动作的发出者动作↓修饰限定↓动作的承受者↓解释说明↓对宾语的拓展资料说明↓动作发生的时间地点条件等↓连接两个简单句↓↓动作的发出者↓联系前后说明主语的状态特征身份等↓Sentenceelements

举例成分I

can’t

tell

you

thestory

unless

you

can

make

me

happy.↓主语↓谓语↓间接宾语↓直接宾语↓连词↓宾语↓宾补↓动作的发出者动作↓间人↓直物↓条件句引导词↓↓动作的承受者↓对宾语的拓展资料说明↓主语↓动作的发出者↓谓语动作↓SentenceelementsIsmile.S(subject)V(verb)主语(subject)一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。谓语(verb)由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。S+V(主语+谓语)基本句型1拓展：谓语Iloveyou.Shelookedathersistercuriously.Hewasfriendly.Youshouldcomealittleearlier.Hedoesn’tlikechemistry.实义动词动词短语系动词＋表语情态动词＋实义动词助动词＋实义动词谓语简单谓语实义动词动词短语复合谓语助动词＋实义动词情态动词＋实义动词系动词＋表语类别例词例句状态系动词be(am,is,are,was,were)Hisfamilylifeisdifferentfrommine.持续系动词keep,remain,stayHealwayskeepssilentatmeetings.表象系动词appear,seemHeseemsverysad.感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste,lookThiskindofclothfeelssoft.变化系动词become,get,go,grow,turnShegrewrichafterthat.终止系动词prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.拓展：谓语vt.

及物动词1.Ismile.S(subject)V(verb)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.S(subject)V(verb)O(object)宾语(object)一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。vi.

不及物动词S+V+O(主语+谓语+宾语)及物动词：本身意义不完整，必须接宾语意义才能表达完整。不及物动词：本身意义完整，不需要再接宾语。基本句型2谓语简单谓语实义动词动词短语复合谓语助动词＋实义动词情态动词＋实义动词系动词＋表语及物动词vt.

不及物动词vi.拓展：谓语及物动词：本身意义不完整，必须接宾语意义才能表达完整。不及物动词：本身意义完整，不需要再接宾语。谓语简单谓语实义动词动词短语复合谓语助动词＋实义动词情态动词＋实义动词系动词＋表语及物动词vt.

不及物动词vi.IsmileS(subject)V(verb)infrontofyou.宾语？状语？状语(adverbial)用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。它可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步或比较等。(1)Hediedinthehospital.(2)Thematchwasputoffbecauseoftherain.(3)Lisawilltaketheexamthedayaftertomorrow.(4)Shedressedverybeautifully.(5)Myteethhurtbadly.(6)Shegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.place(地点)time(时间)reason(原因)manner(方式)degree(程度)purpose(目的)1.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.S(subject)V(verb)O(object)S+V+IO+DO(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.S(subject)V(verb)IODO间接宾语(indirectobject)指的是谓语动词的间接承受者，表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做）。直接宾语(directobject)是指谓语动词直接指向的承受者。基本句型31.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.(1)Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.

Thebraceshavebroughtsomuchtroubletome.IODObringsb.sth.bringsth.tosb.give,send,show,offer,take,teach,tell,feed,sell,pass…(2)Myfatherboughtmeawatch.

Myfatherboughtawatchforme.buysb.sth.buysth.forsb.make,cook,leave,choose,order,draw,book,pick…表方向多用to，强调传递；表目的多用for，强调意图。基本句型31.Ismile.(S+V)3.(1)Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.

Thebraceshavebroughtsomuchtroubletome.2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)(2)Myfatherboughtmeawatch.Myfatherboughtawatchforme.(3)Theoldmanleftthelittleboysomecoins.Theoldmanleft_________________________.(4)Themothergaveherdaughterabookandseveraltoys.Themothergave__________________________________.somecoinsforthelittleboyabookandseveraltoystoherdaughter基本句型31.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.SVIODO4.Thebracesmademyteethpainful.SVOOC宾语补足语(objectcomplement)对宾语进行拓展资料说明，由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。(1)Theclassmadehimmonitor.(2)Ifoundthebookveryinteresting.(3)Weshouldkeeptheclassroomclean.(4)WeconsiderEinsteinagreatscientist.S+V+O+OC(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)make,keep,find,consider…基本句型44Sentenceelements&Basicsentencestructures1.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.(S+V+IO+DO)4.Thebracesmademyteethpainful.SVOOC5.Isawthreepinkpigstwodaysago.SVOA6.Hediedinthehospital.SVA状语(adverbial)用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。它可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步或比较等。S+V(+O)+A(主语+谓语(+宾语)+状语)1.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.(S+V+IO+DO)4.Thebracesmademyteethpainful.(S+V+O+OC)5.Isawthreepinkpigstwodaysago.(S+V+O+A)Sentenceelements&Basicsentencestructures6.(1)Hediedinthehospital.(2)Thematchwasputoffbecauseoftherain.(3)Lisawilltaketheexamthedayaftertomorrow.(4)Shedressedverybeautifully.(5)Myteethhurtbadly.(6)Shegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.place(地点)time(时间)reason(原因)manner(方式)degree(程度)purpose(目的)prepositionalphrase介词短语nounphrase名词短语adverb副词infinitive动词不定式1.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.(S+V+IO+DO)4.Thebracesmademyteethpainful.(S+V+O+OC)5.Luosifentastesdelicious.SVP表语(predicative)表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。S+V+P(主语+连系动词+表语)连系动词(linkingverb)用来连接主语和表语。基本句型5objectcomplementSummaryEnglishsentenceverbsubjectintransitive(vi.)transitive(vt.)objectIO+DODO+to/for+IOS+VS+V+OS+V+O+OCadverbiallinkingverbtime,place,reason,manner,degree,purpose,etc.S+V+IO+DOS+V+O+A/S+V+ApredicativeS+V+PobjectcomplementSummaryEnglishsentenceverbsubjectintransitive(vi.)transitive(vt.)objectIO+DODO+to/for+IOS+VS+V+OS+V+O+OClinkingverbS+V+IO+DOpredicativeS+V+P拓展资料句型——therebe句型表“拥有”时用have：表“存在”时用therebe句型：Hehasanewcarandaboat.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.Thereisatableintheroom.Therearesomebirdsinthetree.Thereisapen,twobooksandmanypencilsonthedesk.就近原则ExerciseⅠWhatsentenceelementsarethepartsunderlined(S,V,O,C,A)(1)Itisraining.(2)It’sgreatfun.(3)Welikethisplace.(4)Theweatherisfine.(5)Wewillenjoythetour.(6)We’rehavingagreattime.(7)Wesawmanysheeponthefarm.(8)Let’smaketheworldmorebeautiful.(V)(SubjectC)(O)(S)(V)(O)(A)(ObjectC)Iwillgivethiscake___you.toImadeacake___yourbirthday.

forIwillbuyacupofcoffee____you.forIsendane-mail___you.toTheoldmanleftthelittleboysomecoins.Theoldmanleft_________________________.Themothergaveherdaughterabookandseveraltoys.Themothergave__________________________________.somecoinsforthelittleboyabookandseveraltoystoherdaughterExerciseReadtheshortarticleandidentify(识别)thesentencestructureofeachunderlinedsentence.Todaymyfriendtoldmeafunnystory.Oneday,anAmericanwasvisitingaChineseman.Asthevisitorsawthehost’swife,hesaid,“Yourwifeisverybeautiful.”Thehostsmiledandsaid,“WhereWhere”ThissurprisedtheAmericanverymuch,butstillheanswered,“Eyes,hair,nose.”Ofcoursethehostfoundtheanswerabitpuzzling.Weknowthatculturaldifferencesinlanguagescausedtheconfusion(困惑).“WhereWhere”inChineseisakindofhumble(谦虚的)expression,buttheAmericanunderstooditas“Whichpartsofthebody”②()③()④()⑤()⑥()⑦()⑧()⑨()S+V+OS+V+OS+V+PS+VS+V+OS+V+O+O