英语词汇学练习及答案

《英语词汇学练习及答案》

自学考试英语本科

ChapterOne

一.WhichofthefollowingisNottrue?

a.Awordisthesmallestformofalanguage.

b.Awordisasoundunity.

c.Awordhasagivenmeaning.

d.Awordcanbeusedfreelyinasentence.

二.Thedifferencesbetweensoundandformaredueto

a.thefactofmorephonemesthanlettersinEnglish.

b.stabilizationofspellingbyprinting.

c.influenceoftheworkofscribes.

d.innovationsmadebylinguists.

三.Ofthefivecharacteristicslistedforthebasicwordstock,themostimportantis

a.allnationalcharacterb.productivity

c.polysemyd.collocability

四.Completethefollowingstatementbysupplyinganappropriatetermforeachblank:

a.Borrowedwordwhichstillsoundforeignandlookforeignare.

b.Thereisnorelationshipbetweensoundandastheconnection

betweenthemisandconventional.

c.areborrowingsthathavebecomenaturalizedorassimilatedinEnglish.

d.Archaismsarcwordsnolongerinuseorinuse.

e.Contentwordsarechangingallthetimewhereasfunctionalwordsare.

wordsenjoyafrequencyinusethancontentwords.

f.Awordwhosemeaningwasborrowedfromanotherlanguageiscalled.

五.Choosethestandardwordfromthecolumnontherighttomatcheachoftheslangwordson

theleft.

a.tartgirl

b.blokepolice

c.gatgreat

d.swelldrunk

e.chickencoward

f.blueloosewoman

g.smokypistol

h.fullfight

i.damefellow

j.beaverwoman

六.Givethemodemequivalentsforthefollowingarchaicwords:

1.Haply=7albeit=

2.Methinks=8eke=

3.Sooth=9morn=

4.Troth=10ere=

5.Quoth=11hallowed=

6.Billow=12.bade=

七.Groupthefollowingborrowedwordsintodenizens,alienstranslationloansandsemantic

loans:

Confrerewallkettleskirtchopstickdreamtyphoongift

PropatriahusbanddieparvenuwunderkindbloomMikado

Blackhumoursilklongtimenosee

KeytoChapterOne

.d三.a

四.a.aliensb.intrinsic/logicalc.Denizensd.commonobsolete

e.stableFunctionalhigherf.semanticloan

五.womanb.fellowc.pistold.greate.coward

g.policeh.drunki.womanj-girl

1.perhaps2.itseemstome3.truth4.faith5.said6.wave/thesea

7.although8.also9.morning10.before11.holy12.bid

七.

1.aliens:confrere,propatria,Wunderkind,mikado,parvenu,

2.denizens:kettle,die,wall,skirt.

3.translationloans:chopstick.silk,longtimenosee,blackhumour,typhoon,

4.semanticloans:dream,bloom,gift,

(Thereisoverlappingbetweentheseclasses,e,g.typhooncangotoaliens,andsilk

todenizens)

ChapterTwo

Makeatreediagramtoshowthefamilyrelationsofthemodernlanguagesgiven

below:

RoumanianGreekSwedish

EnglishGermanSpanish

HindiLithuanianPrussian

NorwegianIcelandicFrench

BretonPolishSlovenian

RussianPersianDanish

DutchItlianPortuguese

二.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext:

Thelanguageusedbetween450andiscalled,whichhasa

vocabularyof.MiddleEnglishreferstothelanguagespokenfrom1150to

,followedbytheperiod,subdividedasearlymodern

English()andlate(1700-uptonow)

三.Decidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse:

1.EnglishismorecloselyrelatedtoGermanthanFrench.()

2.ScandinavianlanguagesrefertoIcelandic,Norwegian,DanishandSwedish.()

3.OldEnglishwasahighlyinflectedlanguage.()

4.InearlyMiddleEnglishperiod,English,Latin,andCelticexistedsidebyside.()

5.TheintroductionofprintingintoEnglandmarkedthebeginningofmodernEnglishperiod.

()

6.ModernEnglishisconsideredtobeananalyticlanguage.()

7.ThefourmajorforeigncontributorstoEnglishvocabularyinearliertimesare

Latin,FrenchScandinavianandItalian()

8.Inmodernlimes,borrowingbringslessthantenpercentofmodenEnglishvocabulary.

()

9.ThemajorfactorsthatpromotethegrowthofmodernEnglishvocabularyareadvances

inscienceandtechnologyaswellasinfluenceofforeignculturesandlanguages.()

10.Themostimportantmodeofvocabularydevelopmentinpresent-dayEnglishiscreationof

newwordsbymeansofword-fbrmation.()

11.OldEnglishvocabularywasinessenceGermanicwithasmallquantityofwordsborrowed

fromLatinandScandinavian.()

12.MiddleEnglishabsorbedatremendousnumberofforeignwordsbutlittlechanginword

endings.()

四.HereisasampletextchosenfromtheDeclarationofIndependence.

Whenin(hecourseofhumanevents,iibecomesnecessaryforonepeopleiodissolvethe

politicalbondswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andassumeamongthepowersof

theearthseparateandequalstationtowhichthelawsofnatureandofnature'sGodentitle

them,adecentrespecttotheopinionofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauses

whichimpelthemtotheseparation.

PickoutallthewordsofGreekorLatinoriginfromthetext.Whatinsightdoesthisexercise

giveyouaboutborrowingsfromGreekandLatin?

五.Borrowingsusuallyfallintotwolasses,theearlyonesbeingassimilatedandthelater

onesstillretainingforeignpronunciationandspelling.Tellwhichwordsareearly

borrowingsandwhicharelateones.

1.savant()servant()

2.genre()gender()

3.message()massage()

4.chapel()chapeau()

5.morale()moral()

6.button()cartoon()

六.ThefollowinggroupsofwordsareloanwordsfromLatin,Greek,French,

ScandinavianandItalianelements.Canyouidentifythem?

1.thrive,they,egg,ill,die.

2.status,minimum,arena,species,alibi.

3.synonym,polysemy,grammar,etymology,syntax.

4.symphony,piano,trio,tenor,model.

5.dress,cloak,pork,mutton,fry.

七.MatchtheItalianmusicaltermswiththeproperdefinitionsandtranslate

Chinese:

1.allegroa.softandloud

2.altob.increasinginvolume

3.andantec.highestsingingvoiceforwomen

4.crescendod.inaslowstatelymanner

5.diminuendoe.loud

6.fortef.infasttempo

7.largog.decreasinginvolume

8.pianoh.soft

9.pianofortei.lowestsingingvoiceforwomen

10sopranoj.inmoderatetempo

A.Lookupthesewordsinadictionarytodeterminethelanguagefromwhicheachhas

beenborrowedandthentranslatethesetermsintoChinese.

1.yacht2.taboo

3.cotton4.chocolate

5.coolie6.czar

7.kimono8.boomerang

9.chili10.shampoo

11.wonton12.tatami

13.Muslin14.Kangaroo

15.voodoo16.kibitz

17.wok18.sauerkraut

KeytoChapterTwo:

—■,Indo-EuropeanLanguageFanily

I

Balto-SlavicIndo-IranianItalicGermanic

11II

PrussianPersianPortugueseNorwegian

LithuanianHindiSpanishIcelandic

PolishItalianDanish

BulgarianRoumanianSwedish

SlovenianFrenchEnglish

RussianGerman

I1I1

AlbanianArmenianCelticHellenic

II

IrishGreek

Breton

Scottish

二.1150,OldEnglish,50000-60000,1500,modernEnglish

1500-1700,modern

三.1.T2.T3.T4.F5.T6.T

7.F8.T9.F10.T11.T12.F

四.WordsofGreekorLatinorigin:

Course,human,event,necessary,people,dissolve

Political,connected.assumeseparate,equal,station,

Nature,entitle,decent,respect,opinions,requires,

Declare,causes,impel,separation.

五.

1.lateearly

2.latesarly

3.earlylate

4.earlylate

5.lateearly

6.earlylate

六.

1.Scandinavian2.Latin3.Greek4.Itaiian5.French

七.

1.f轻快地2.i女低音3.j缓慢，温和4.b渐强地

5.g渐弱6.e音强的7.d极缓慢地8.h柔软的

9.a轻而强10.o.女高音

八.

1.Dutch游艇2.Polynesian禁忌

3.Arabic棉4.Mexican巧克力

5.Hindi苦力6.Russian沙皇

7.Japanese和服8.Australiannative回飞器

9.Mexican干辣椒10.Hindi香波

11.Chinese馄饨12.Japanese草垫

13.Arabic穆斯林14.Australiannative袋鼠

15.African伏都教16.German多嘴，从背后看牌

17.Chinese锅18.German泡菜

ChapterThree

一.Writethetermsintheblanksaccordingtothedefinitions:

a.aminimalmeaningfulunitofalanguage.()

b.oneofthevariantsthatrealizeamorpheme.()

c.amorphemethatoccurswithatleastoneothermoq?heme.()

d.amorphemethatcanstandalone.()

e.amorphemeattachedtoastemorroot.()

f.anaffixthatindicatesgrammaticalrelationships.(

g.anaffixthatformsnew