医学英语 Medical English Translation(8) Translation of Attributive Clauses and Other Clauses 学习资料

医学英语翻译与写作

MedicalEnglish

TranslationandwritingLecture8

TranslationofAttributiveClausesRestrictiveAttributiveClauseNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClauseWhich-clauseSplitAttributiveClauseAttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsAs-ClausesOtherTechniquesinTranslatingAttributiveClausesTranslationofAttributiveClausesRestrictiveAttributiveClauseFeverisaconditioninwhichthebodytemperatureishigherthannormal.

发热是体温高于正常的一种情况。Manydiseasesarecausedbygermswhichgetintothebodybywayofthemouth.

很多疾病都是由从口腔进入人体的病菌引起的。RestrictiveAttributiveClauseOncethedesiredtherapeuticgoalisachieved,

thedosemustbedecreasedtothepointwhere

thetherapeuticbenefitismaintained.

一旦达到了预期的治疗目的，剂量必须降至可维持疗效的水平。RestrictiveAttributiveClauseAnythingthathappensanywhereinyourbodyis

likelytoinfluenceyournervoussysteminoneway

oranother,andanythingthatinfluencesyour

nervoussystemaffectstherestofyourbody.

在你体内任何部位所发生的任何事情都可能以某种方式影响你的神经系统，而任何影响神经系统的事情都可能影响身体的其它部位。RestrictiveAttributiveClauseThediseasewhicharelikelytobespread

bycontaminatedwaterare:typhoidfever,paratyphoidfever,epidemicdiarrheaanddysentery.

可能由污染了的水传播的疾病有：伤寒、副伤寒、流行性腹泻和痢疾。RestrictiveAttributiveClauseAnorganismagainstwhichimmunityhasbeen

developedwillbecoatedwithantibody

ifitentersthebloodstream,andwillbedestroyed.（人体）对其已经产生免疫力的细菌，一旦侵入血液就会被抗体包围并被其消灭。Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClauseHepatitisistheinflammationoftheliver,ofwhichtwoformsarecommon:hepatitisAandhepatitisB.

肝炎是肝脏的炎症，其中两种类型最常见：

甲肝和乙肝。Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClauseTheconditionissometimesreferredtoas

“salt-losingnephritis,”ofwhichmorelater.

这种疾病有时被认为是“失盐性肾炎”，对此下文还要再予以叙述。Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClauseThepulmonaryarterydividesintotwobranchesandcarriesbloodtothelung,whereitpassesthroughthenumerouscapillariesthatsurroundthealveoliofthelungs.

肺动脉分为两支，把血液输送到肺。在肺部，

血液流经肺泡周围无数的毛细血管。Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClauseThelastexaminationispalpation,whichinvolvestakingthepulseandtouchingvariouspartsofthebodyandacupuncturepoints.

最后一步是切诊，（）包括脉诊和按诊。Which-clauseThepatientsundergoingtheoperationareusuallyconsciousduringtheentiresurgicalcourse,whichmakesitpossibleforthesurgeonsandthepatientstoactinclosecooperation.接受手术的患者在整个手术期间都保持清醒，

这就使得外科医生和患者能够密切配合。Which-clauseSometimesthefallopiantuberuptures,causing

internalhemorrhage,inwhichcasesurgerymust

bedoneimmediatelytosavethemother’slife.有时输卵管破裂引起内出血，在此情况下，必须进行外科手术以挽救母亲的生命。Which-clauseThepatient’stemperatureroseto40℃,

whichmadethecasemoredangerous.患者的体温升至40℃，这使得病情更为危险。Thedrughasrapidonsetandrelativelyshort

durationofaction,thankstowhichitseffect

caneasilyberegulated.

这种药物见效快，作用时间相对较短，

因此其功效易于调节。Which-clauseSplitAttributiveClauseDiagnosiscanbeconfirmedonconditionthatbacteremiaisdemonstrated,whichissaidtobepossibleinabout70~90percentofcases.

如有菌血症，就可确诊，据说在70-90%的病例中有出现此症的可能。SplitAttributiveClause

Allnecessarymeasureshavebeentakenwhich

wethinkmightarresttheprocessofthedisease.已采取了一切我们认为能阻止此病进程的必要措施。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsTheantibioticsandsulfonamideswhicharesoeffectiveagainstinvadingbacteriaarevaluelessagainsttheviruses.

虽然抗生素和磺胺类药物对入侵机体的细菌如此有效，但对病毒却无能为力。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsThebloodflowmaybeincreasedbymorerapidandvigorousheartaction,whichacceleratesthemovementofheattotheskin.

血流可因更快和更有力的心脏活动而增加，

从而加速了皮肤散热。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsAcharacteristicthathemorrhagicdisordershave

incommonisadisruptionofthecoagulation

processwhichbringsaboutabnormalbleeding.

出血性疾病的一个共同特征就是凝血过程遭到破坏，因而（结果）引起异常出血。TypeIIdiabetes,whichmayoccuratanypeople,ismostfrequentinpatientswhogotobesity.II型糖尿病虽可发生于任何人，但以肥胖病人

最为常见。Acat,whoseeyescantakeinmoreraysof

lightthanoureyes,canseethingsclearlyinthenight.

因为猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多

的光线，所以猫在夜里看东西很清楚。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsPaticularcautionmustbeobservedinthetreatmentofnephropathicsubjectswiththedruginwhoma

retentionofurinecanproducehighbloodlevel.

在用此药治疗肾病患者时必须特别谨慎，

因为尿潴留可使药物在血液中浓度升高。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsSmallchangeinthecompositionoftheextracellularfluidproducesreactions,which

quicklyrestoretheinternalenvironmenttoits

originalstage.

细胞外液成分任何小的改变都可引起一些反应，

以便尽快使内环境恢复到原来的状态。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsAnymedicalstudentwhonotonlystudies

knowledgeonthebookbutalsotakespartin

medicalpracticemightbecomequalifieddoctor.

如果医学生既学习课本知识又参加医学实践，

那他就有可能成为一名合格的医生。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsAs-ClausesAseveryoneknows,influenzaishighlycontagious.

众所周知，流感具有高度的传染性。Obstructionoftheportalflow,assometimesoccursincirrhosisoftheliver,isoneimportantcauseofascites.有时会发生于肝硬化的门静脉阻塞是引起腹水的一个重要原因。As-Clauses

Asisoftenthecase,theorganismremainsmainlyextracellular.

像通常情况那样，细菌仍主要在细胞外。Thedigestiveenzymes,asmightbeexpected,dotheirworkbestatthetemperatureofthebody.

消化酶，如所预期的那样，在正常体温下能

发挥最大的作用。

As-ClausesCanceralsomaybeclassifiedintofourgradesonthebasisoftheirdegreeofmalignancy,as

isdeterminedbymicroscopicexamination.基于显微镜检查所确定的恶性程度，癌症可

分为四级。Theresultofradiationtherapywsnotsuchaswehadexpected.

放疗的结果并不像我们所预期的那样。As-ClausesApollutantisasubstancethatcontaminatessuch

thingsaswater,air,foodandothersubstances.污染物就是污染水、空气、食物及其它东西的物质。Thesymptommaybeassociatedwithableedingtendencysuchas

occursinscurvy.这一症状可能伴随类似坏血病时所出现的出血倾向。As-ClausesYoucanusemystethoscope,suchasitis.

你可以用我的听诊器，尽管它不怎么好！Wemadeuseofasmanydataaswereavailableatthattimetoresearchthatkindofhighlycommunicableinfection.

我们使用了当时所有能找到的数据来研究

那种烈性传染病。As-ClausesUnapparentorsubclinicalinfectionswithinfluenzavirusareatleastasfrequentasisthemanifestdisease.

不明显或亚临床的流感病毒感染，至少与

明显的流感病毒感染同样常见。Noneofthe11studiessatisfiedthesametestingstandardsaswererecentlypresentedbyBertonetal.

在这十一项研究中，没有一项符合伯顿等人最

近提出的那些检测标准。TheOther