2025版高考英语大二轮复习专题一阅读理解细节理解专练一-直接信息类

PAGE1-细微环节理解专练(一)——干脆信息类A[2024·沈阳监测一]Onaverage,primaryschoolchildreninEnglandhaveatleastthreesugarysnacksaday,PublicHealthEngland(PHE)found.Thismeansthatthesugartheyconsumeisthreetimesmorethantherecommendedmaximum.Childrenbetweentheagesof4and10consume51.2%ofsugarfromunhealthysnacks.PHEhaslaunchedacampaign,Change4Life,toencourageparentstolookforhealthiersnacksofnomorethan100calories,andtolimitthemtotwoaday.Thecampaignadvisesparentstogivetheirchildrenamaximumoftwosnacksaday,witheachcontainingnomorethan100calories.Thecampaignwillalsoofferparentsspecialsuggestionsonarangeofhealthiersnacks—oneswith100caloriesorfewer—atselectedsupermarkets,PHEsaid.PHEsaidithadalsoimproveditsappsothatitcouldmarkthecontentofsugar,saltandfatinfoodanddrinks.DrAlisonTedstonetoldtheBBCshehopedthecampaignwouldhelpparentstochoosehealthiersnacksfortheirchildren.“Ifyouwanderthroughasupermarket,youcanseemuchmoregoodsbeingsoldassnacksthaneverbefore，”shesaid,“It'sacommonphenomenonthatkids'lunchboxesarefullofsnacks,leadingtoalotofcaloriesforlunch.Ourresearchshowsthatparentsusuallyappreciatearuleofthumb(阅历法则).However,theyaresurprisedtoknowhowmuchsugartheirchildrenareconsuminginsnacksnow.”JustineRoberts,founderofMumsnet,said,“Theintake(摄入量)ofsugarthatkidsaregettingfromsnacksandsugarydrinksaloneisprettyastonishing,anditcanoftenbedifficulttodistinguishwhichsnacksarehealthyandwhicharenot.TheruleofthumbfromChange4Lifecanhelpparentsmaketheirdecisioncorrectlyandwisely.”体裁：说明文题材：健康饮食主题：限制孩子的含糖零食【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。调查显示，英国小学生平均每天至少吃三份含糖零食，这意味着这些孩子消耗的糖是举荐的最大量的三倍。对此，英国公共卫生部门发起了一项名为Change4Life的活动，激励父母们找寻健康零食，并将其限制在每天两份。【难句分析】Thismeansthatthesugartheyconsumeisthreetimesmorethantherecommendedmaximum.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“thatthesugartheyconsume...maximum”为that引导的宾语从句，作及物动词means的宾语，其中“theyconsume”作thesugar的定语。译文：这意味着他们消耗的糖是举荐的最大量的三倍。1．Intermsofsnacks,theChange4Liferecommendsthatchildrenhaveatmost________.A．onesnackadayB．threesnacksadayC．100caloriesadayD．200caloriesaday答案与解析：D考查细微环节理解。依据其次段第三句“Thecampaignadvisesparentstogivetheirchildrenamaximumoftwosnacksaday,witheachcontainingnomorethan100calories”可知，该活动建议父母每天给孩子最多两份零食，每份(所含热量)不超过100卡路里的零食；据此可知，该项运动建议孩子每天最多消耗200卡路里的零食，故D项正确。2．WhatcanPHE'simprovedapphelpparentsdo?A．Testthecaloriesofsnacks.B．Choosedelicioussnacks.C．Knowtheexactcontentinsnacks.D．Savemuchmoneytobuysnacks.答案与解析：C考查细微环节理解。依据第三段第一句“PHEsaidithadalsoimproveditsappsothatitcouldmarkthecontentofsugar,saltandfatinfoodanddrinks”可知，英国公共卫生部表示，他们还改进了自己的应用程序，以便能够标记食物和饮料中糖、盐和脂肪的含量；据此可知，PHE改进的应用程序能帮助父母了解零食的成分，故C项正确。3．WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromJustineRoberts'words?A．Mostparents'formerexperienceaboutsnacksispractical.B．Itiseasytotellhealthysnacksandunhealthysnacksapart.C．Childrenonlytakeinlotsofsugarfromsnacksanddrinks.D．Change4Lifeismeaningfulforparents'decisionsonsnacks.答案与解析：D考查推理推断。依据尾段JustineRoberts所说的话“TheruleofthumbfromChange4Lifecanhelpparentsmaketheirdecisioncorrectlyandwisely”可知，来自Change4Life的阅历法则能帮助父母正确而明智地作出确定；由此可推知，Change4Life对父母在零食上作出的确定有意义，故D项正确。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．SolvetheHealthProblemsofChildrenB．ChangetheEatingHabitsofChildrenC．LimitChildren'sIntakeofCaloriesD．EnsureChildren'sHealthyLifestyle答案与解析：C考查标题推断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了英国卫生部门发起的名为Change4Life的活动，以限制儿童的糖摄入量，故C项最适合作文章标题。B[2024·福建省质量检查]MyneighborOrlandoisaparamedic(护理人员).HeandhiswifearesomeofthenicestpeopleIhaveevermet.Afewyearsbackwestartedthissortof“favorwar”，whereoneofuswoulddosomethingfortheother,suchasshoveling(铲)hisdrivewayorhelpinghimbuildashed,andnexttimetheotherwouldtrytotopitwithanotherfavor.Yesterdaymorningtherewasmaybe2or3feetofsnowonthegroundandIrememberedheshoveledmydrivewayformelastsnowfall.SoItookoutmyshovelandtookcareofbothoursidewalksanddrivewaysbecauseitwasmyturntodoafavorback.IttookawhilebutIfinishedandgotintomycarforwork.WhatIdidn'trealizewasthatOrlandohadtoworkthatdaytoo.FastforwardtothismorningIgotaknockonmydoor.Itwashim.HeimmediatelyshookmyhandandinformedmethatbecauseIshoveledhisdrivewayandsidewalkforhim,hewasabletogettoworkearlier.Assoonashestartedhisshift,acallcamethroughthatayoungboywasinamedicalemergency.Luckilyheandhispartnerwereonlyabout2minutesaway,butthenextclosestambulancewasin10minutes.Thiskiddidnothave10minutes.Hebarelyhad2minutes.Becausemyneighborgottoworksooner,theyoungboygottolivehislife.Thisisn'tabrag(吹嘘).Thisistoinformothersthateventhesmallestfavorscanhavethebiggestimpacts.Itwasn'ttoomuchoftroubletoshovelhisdrivewayforhim,butbecauseIdid,theyoungkidgottoseehisfamilyagain,gobacktoschoolagain,talktohisfriendsagainandlivehislife.体裁：记叙文题材：人际关系主题：小善举，大作用【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和邻居Orlando总是相互帮助，这次下雪，“我”帮助他铲除了道路上的积雪，让他能很快去上班。一个等待急救的男孩在他的刚好救治下摆脱了危急。“我”的善举救了孩子一命。【熟词生义】shift常用义：v.转移例句：TheactionofthenovelshiftsfromParistoLondon.小说情节从巴黎移到了伦敦。本句义：n.轮班例句：Hisfatherworkedshiftsinasteelmill.他的父亲在一家钢铁厂轮班工作。【难句分析】Afewyearsbackwestartedthissortof“favorwar”，whereoneofuswoulddosomethingfortheother,suchasshoveling(铲)hisdrivewayorhelpinghimbuildashed,andnexttimetheotherwouldtrytotopitwithanotherfavor.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“whereoneofuswoulddosomethingfortheother...withanotherfavor”为where引导的定语从句，先行词为“favorwar”，where在从句中作地点状语。译文：几年前我们起先这种“互助活动”，在活动中我们中的一个人会帮助另一个人做一些事情，如铲除他的车道上的积雪或帮助他建一个棚，下次对方会尽量用另一件事来更好地回报。5．WhatcanweknowaboutthewriterandOrlando?A．Theyoncehadaconflict.B．Theysignedafavorableagreement.C．Theyfavorshovelingsnowtogether.D．Theyarealwaysreadytohelpeachother.答案与解析：D考查细微环节理解。依据第一段第三句“Afewyearsbackwestartedthissortof‘favorwar’，whereoneofuswoulddosomethingfortheother,suchasshoveling(铲)hisdrivewayorhelpinghimbuildashed,andnexttimetheotherwouldtrytotopitwithanotherfavor”可知，几年前我们就起先这种“相互活动”，一个人帮助另一个人之后，下一次便由对方供应帮助；据此可知，作者和Orlando总是乐意相互帮助，故D项正确。6．Whosavedtheboybeforeitwastoolate?A．Thewriter.B．Theboy'sparents.C．Orlandoandhiswife.D．Orlandoandhispartner.答案与解析：D考查细微环节理解。依据第三段第五句“Luckilyheandhispartnerwereonlyabout2minutesaway,butthenextclosestambulancewasin10minutes”，并结合该段内容可知，Orlando和他的搭档离医院只有大约两分钟的车程，他们很快上班挽救了男孩的生命，故D项正确。7．Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?A．Neveraskfortrouble.B．Nofavoristoosmall.C．Onecannotalwaysbelucky.D．Don'tloseheartinanemergency.答案与解析：B考查写作意图。通读全文，尤其是尾段其次句“Thisistoinformothersthateventhesmallestfavorscanhavethebiggestimpacts”可知，本文是为了告知读者，即使是最小的帮助也能产生最大的影响，故B项正确。C[2024·武汉四月调研]Whileelephantsbornwithouttusks(长牙)arenotunheardof,theynormallyformjust2to6percentofthepopulation.However,thatisnotthecaseatMozambique'sGorongosaPoolesaysbeforethecountry's15­year­longconflict,theparkwashometoover4,000elephants.However,bythetimetheconflictendedin1992,about90percentofthemhadbeenkilledforivorytogetmoney.Ofthelessthan200survivors,over50percentofadultfemaleshadnotusks.Therefore,itisnotsurprisingthatthepark'stusklesselephantpopulationhasgrowngreatly.Thisisnotthefirsttimeresearchershaveobservedagreatchangeinthepopulationofelephants.AtZambia'sSouthLuangwaNationalParkandLupandeGameManagementArea,areaswhichwereheavilyhuntedinthe1970sand1980s,35%ofelephants25yearsoldorolderand13%ofthoseyoungerthan25arenowwithouttusks.A2008studypublishedintheAfricanJournalofEcologyfoundthatthenumberoftusklessfemalesattheRuahaTherecentbanonivoryinboththeUSandChinashouldhelpgetridof,oratleastreduce,elephanthunting.However,scientistsarenotsurehowlongitwilltakeforelephantswithahigherrateoftusklessfemales,tochangethe_trend.体裁：说明文题材：人与自然主题：没有长牙的大象【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在1992年，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园，有33%的雌象诞生时就没有长牙，大象行为专家认为，这是人们为了获得宝贵的象牙，而对大象进行持续不断的猎杀而造成的非自然的进化。【难句分析】However,thatisnotthecaseatMozambique'sGorongosaNationalPark,whereanastonishing33percentoffemaleelephantsbornafterthecountry'sconflictendedin1992aretuskless.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“whereanastonishing33percentoffemaleelephantsbornafterthecountry'sconflictendedin1992aretuskless”为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“Mozambique'sGorongosaNationalPark”；其中“bornafterthecountry'sconflictendedin1992”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词“femaleelephants”。译文：然而，这在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园并非如此。在那里，令人惊异的是，在1992年国家冲突结束后，有33%的雌象诞生时就没有长牙。8．WhatistheprobablecauseofthephenomenonmentionedinParagraph1?A．Illegalhunting.B．Constantfarming.C．Apurecoincidence.D．Naturalevolution.答案与解析：A考查细微环节理解。依据第一段尾句“Theresearcherthinkswemaybewitnessingunnaturalevolutionofthespeciesduetotheconstanthuntingofelephantsforvaluableivory”可知，这位探讨人员认为，由于持续不断地猎杀大象以获得宝贵的象牙，我们可能正在目睹该物种的非自然进化。据此可知，第一段中提到的现象的可能缘由是非法猎杀大象，故A项正确。9．WhydidpeoplekillsomanyelephantsduringtheconflictinMozambique?A．Togetmoneybysellingivory.B．Todevelopnewdecorations.C．Toprovidefoodforlocalpeople.D．Tomakeivoryproducts.答案与解析：A考查推理推断。依据其次段其次句“However,bythetimetheconflictendedin1992,about90percentofthemhadbeenkilledforivorytogetmoney”可知，人们猎杀大象是为了通过销售象牙来获得钱，故A项正确。10．Whichofthefollowinghadth