《英语修辞学》课件 6. Other Figures

EnglishRhetoricOtherFiguresOtherFigures32.Syllepsis异叙/一语双叙33.Zeugma拈连/扼式搭配32.Syllepsis

异叙/一语双叙

Syllepsis,fromtheGreekword“sullepsis”meaning“

puttingtogether”,istheuseofawordtododoubledutywithinanutterancesothatitappearstoshiftitsmeaningunexpectedly.Syllepsis异叙/一语双叙Itistheapplicationofonewordtogovernormodifytwoothersindifferentsenses.Syllepsis异叙/一语双叙Exactly,itisaneffectivedeviceforhumor,bywhichawordisusedinaliteralandametaphoricalsenseatthesametime.Syllepsis异叙/一语双叙Whenwesay“Helosthisgameandhistemper”,wearecertainlyusingasyllepsis,for“losthisgame”isliteral,while“losthistemper”figurative,meaning“failedtokeephistemperundercontrol”.Syllepsis

Briefly,syllepsisistheuseofonewordtogoverntwootherbutwithachangeinitssense.SyllepsisSyllepsisoftenoccursinthefollowingcases:1)Oneverbgovernstwonouns,forexample(1)Thesenatorpickeduphishatandhiscourage.(2)Youhavebrokenmyheartandmybestchinavase.1)Oneverbgovernstwonouns,(3)Operationshadusuallytobedonewhilethesickmancouldfeeleverythingandhisfearfulcriesfilledtheroomandtheheartsofthosewhowatched.(fromKillingPain)1)Oneverbgovernstwonouns,(4)Walterranfortherelayteamandclass.(5)Everytimeshecomestoaparty,sheputsonornamentsandairs.Sometimesoneverbgoverns

morethantwonouns,orphrases

“Hetookoffense,apokeathiswife,

hishat,hisleaveandavacationofseveralyearsbeforereturning.”2)Oneadjectivemodifiestwo(ormore)nouns,forexample(1)Histemperwasasshortashiscoattails.(2)Ontheoppositesideofthestreetwasarestaurantofnogreatpretensions…

Itscrockery/potteryandatmospherewerethick;itssoupandnapery/napkinthin.(byO.Henry)2)Oneadjectivemodifiestwo(ormore)nouns,forexample(3)Hehaltedinthedistrictwherebynightarefoundthelighteststreet,hearts,vowsandlibrettos.(byO.Henry)3)Oneprepositiongovernstwo(ormore)objects,

forexample(1)Hewriteswithgreatenthusiasmandredink.(2)MissBolorosefromthetableconsiderablyagitated,andwentstraighthome,inafloodoftearsandasedanchair.(3)Nevershowthebottomofyourpurseoryourmind.(proverb)4)Oneverbgovernstwoprepositions,She’sengagedfortheeveningandtoCharles.5)Oneverbsharestwosubjects,forexampleButatlengthdownwentherheadandoutcamethetruthandtears.(byO.Henry)33.Zeugma

拈连/扼式搭配Zeugma,fromtheGreekword“zeugnynai”meaning“yoke”,isafigureofspeechinwhichasingleword(usuallyanadjectiveoraverb)ismadetomodify

orgoverntwoormorewords(orphrases)inthesamesentence，thoughitagreesgrammaticallywithonlyoneofthem.ZeugmaItisadevicebywhich“onewordismadetorefertotwoormoreotherwords,buthastobedifferentlyunderstoodinthedifferentcontexts,usuallywithaludicrouseffect”(byOwenWatson).Zeugma拈连/扼式搭配

Inshort,itistheyokingoftwowordstoasinglewordthatdoesnotapplyequallytoboth,ordoesnotapplyinthesamesense.ForexampleWhenwesay“Wagingwarandpeace”,itisanexampleofzeugma,foritiscorrecttosay“wagewar”,butitisillogicaltosay“wagepeace”.Similarexamplesare:(1)Thebanditskilledthemanandhisluggage.(2)Noamountofmoneyorpeoplecaninfluenceme.Similarexamplesare:(3)Thepineapplewaseatenandtheapplesneglected.(4)Theywenttothefuneralwithweepingeyesandhearts.DifferencebetweensyllepsisandzeugmaZeugmaisoftenconfusedwithsyllepsis.Thereisavitaldifferencebetweensyllepsisandzeugma.DifferencebetweensyllepsisandzeugmaSyllepsisischieflybasedonpolysemyofaword;insyllepsiseachofthecollocationsiscorrectineitherliteralorfigurativemeaning.DifferencebetweensyllepsisandzeugmaButinzeugmaonlyoneofthecollocationislogicalorgrammatical,whiletheotheriswronglycollocated.Identifyandanalyzethefiguresofspeech

(syllepsisorzeugma)1)Hefoughtwithdesperationandastoutclub.---syllepsis2)Didyoudrinkallthemilkandsandwiches?zeugmasyllepsisorzeugma3)Hereadmetheletterandawarningafterwards.---syllepsis4)Themanateabunandaglassofmilk.--zeugmasyllepsisorzeugma5)Theyshotonedeerandalotofphotographs.--syllepsis6)Thewomanopenedthedoorandherhearttothehomelessboy.---syllepsissyllepsisorzeugma7)AtnoonMrs.Turpinwouldgetoutofbedandhumor,putonkimono,air,andwatertoboilforcoffee.(byO.Henry)--zeugma;syllepsisEnglishRhetoricOtherFigures34.Palindrome回文Palindrome[‘pælin,drəum]

Palindrome

Palindrome,fromtheGreekword“palindromos”meaning“runningbackagain”,referstoaword,sentence,etc.whichreadsthesamebackwardandforward.PalindromeItis“awordorlongerexpressionthatreadsthesamebackwardasforward”(ArnoldLazarus).e.g.civicNoXinNixon.examplesforPalindrome

1.Theword“radar”isanexampleofpalindrome.Thoughofdoubtfulvalue,palindromesandtheircontrivancehaveprovi