考研英语试卷20

考研英语-试卷20

(总分：142.00,做题时间：90分钟)

一、UseofEnglish(总题数：2,分数：80.00)

1.SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)for

eachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD.(分数：40.00)

解析：

ThesearetoughtimesforWal-Mart,America'sbiggestretailer.Longaccusedof(1)

small-townAmericamadcondemnedfortheselfishnessofitspay,thecompanyhaslatelycome

under(2)foritsmeannessoveremployees*health-carebenefits.Thechargeisarguably

(3):thefirm'shealthcoverage,while(4)lessextensivethantheaverageforbig

companies,isonequalterms(5)otherretailers”.Butbadpublicity,coupledwith

risingcosts,has(6)_theBentonvillegianttoaction.WalMartismakingchangesthat

shouldshiftthegroundinAmericanshealthcaredebate.One(7)istoreducetheprices

ofmanygeneric,orout-of-patent,prescriptiondrugs.Wal-Martcriticsdismissthemove

asapublicity(8).The1istofdrugsincludesonly143differentmedicinesand

excludesmanypopulargroup.True,butshort-sighted.Wal-Marthas(9)retailingby

usingitssizetosqueezesuppliersand(10)thegainsontoconsumers.Itcould

(11)thesamewithdrugs.A"Wal-Marteffect"indrugswillnotsolveAmericanshealth­

costsproblem:groupaccountforonlyasmallshareofdrugcosts,whichinturnmake

(12)only10%ofoverallhealthspending.Butitwould(13).Thefiringsother

initiativeismore(14).Wal-Martisjoiningthesmallbutfast-growinggroupof

employers(15)arecontrollingcostsbyshiftingtohealthinsurancewithhigh

deductibles.Earlyevidence(16)theseplansdohelpfirmscontrolthecostofhealth

insurance.Butcriticssaythatthesavingsare(17).Theyarguethattheplansshift

coststosickerworkers,discouragepreventativecareandwillanywaydolittleto(18)

overallhealthspending,(19)mostofthe$2trillionthatAmerica(20)health

careeachyeargoestopeoplewithmultiplechronicdiseases.(分数：40.00)

A.wrecked

B.wrecks

C.wreck

D.wreckingV

解析：解析：accusedofaccusedof后面应该接现在分词，故wrecking入选。wrecked>wreckswreck

均不符合题意，排除。

A.dismission

B.fireJ

C.force

D.agitation

解析：解析：accusedof,condemnedfor,under从整句话来看，沃尔玛公司的策略受到公众的指责，

underfire的意思是beingcriticizedseverely”受到指责"，如：Thegovernmentisunderfire

fromallsidesonitseconomicpolicy政府的经济政策受到各方面的指责。dismission”解散〃具有迷

惑性。从整句话来看，沃尔玛公司没有面临解散，而是遭到指责，所以不能入选。force〃力量〃和

agitation”烦乱，骚乱,动摇〃均不符合题意，排除。

A.illegal

B.unfairJ

C.unreasonable

D.incorrect

解析：解析：整句话的理解。空格处需要对上述指责做一个评价。冒号后面这句话中while表示让步，且

从整句话来看，作者对沃尔玛持正面态度，认为这种指责是不公正的；unfair〃不公平的〃符合题意。

inco门不正确的”也能表示作者的态度，但没有unfair贴切。illegal”不合法的，违法的“和

unreasonable〃不合理的〃均不贴近题意，排除。

A.usually

B.admittedlyJ

C.obviously

D.specially

解析：解析：整句话的理解。这句话是作者对上述指责做出的评价。从句中可以看到，作者对沃尔玛的态

度是客观的，既说了它的做法不及大公司的平均水平，又说与其他零售商相比是相当的，所以此处应填入

表示〃客观〃之意的词，admittedly〃诚然，无可否认地〃符合题意。obviously的意思是〃显然、明白地“，

意思太绝对，故排除。usually〃通常〃和specially〃特别地〃均不符合题意。

A.withJ

B.to

C.of

D.by

解析：解析：词组的搭配。onequaltermswith意思是asequal,withnodifferenceinstatusor

rank”和…条件相同，与…平等相处〃，如：Nowthatshehasbeenpromotedsheisonequalterms

withherex-boss.她现在升职了，和以前的上司地位平等。故选with。to>of、by均不与前文搭配，

排除。

A.caused

B.expelled

C.stirredJ

D.raised

解析：解析：整句话的理解。这句话的前半部分提出了舆论宣传不利、成本不断增长，这些因素沃

尔玛开始行动；stirred”激励，鼓励〃符合题意。caused”导致、引起“和raised”唤起、使出现〃具有一定

的迷惑性，但stirred的深层含义是〃在…刺激之下〃，正是由于舆论宣传不利、成本不断增长的刺激，才

使沃尔玛开始行动，所以放在整个句子中比较恰当。expelled〃驱逐，排出〃不符合题意，排除。

A.problem

B.management

C.intrigue

D.strategyJ

解析：解析：上下文的理解。此处文意是面对各方面的指责，沃尔玛公司必须拿出应对措施；strategy

的意思是（skillin）planningormanaginganyaffairwell”策略，计划”，如：Bycarefully

strategyshenegotiatedasubstantialpayrise.她精心策划后,谈妥了大幅增加工资的事。

intrigue的意思是makingofsecretplanstodobad”密谋，诡计"，沃尔玛公司采取的是积极透明的

措施，不是密谋，故排除。problem〃问题〃和management经营，管理〃均不符合题意，排除。

A.demonstration

B.cheat

C.attention

D.stuntJ

解析：解析：excludesmanypopulargroup,short-sighted下文提到许多常用的普通类药品都不在降

价之列，由此有批评者认为沃尔玛公司此举只是为了引起关注，slunl的意思somethingthatisdone

toattractpeople'sattention,especiallyinadvertisingorpolitics”引起注意的举动”,如：

Thisnewsisapublicitystunt.这条新闻是宣传的噱头。cheat〃欺骗〃，从下文可知普通类药品都不

在降价之列.可见沃尔玛的做法不仅仅是欺骗，而且应该是聪明的欺骗，也就是〃花招〃，故cheat不够贴

切。demonstration”示范，实证〃和attention”注意,关心“均不符合题意，排除。

A.transformedJ

B.translated

C.transported

D.transacted

解析：解析：相似词的辨析。整句话的含义是：沃尔玛利用其规模逼迫供应商紧缩利润空间。

transformed的意思是completelychangetheappearanceorcharacterofsth./sb.〃完全改变某事

物(某人)的外观或特性“，符合题意。translated〃翻译〃、transported〃运送"和transacted"办理，处理

”均不符合题意，排除。

A.passes

B.passed

C.passingJ

D.pass

解析：解析：by,andby的意思是throughthemeansof(sth./doingsth.)〃通过…方式〃；且and连接

的两个部分的动词的形式应该相同，前面是using,此处应该也用动名词形式，故passing入选。

passespassed、pass均不符合题意。

A.make

B.doV

C.get

D.form

解析：解析：词组的搭配。dowithsth.的意思是(usedwithcanandcould)toexpressaneedor

desireforsth.〃需要或希望得到某事物〃，如：Youlookasifyoucoulddowithogoodnight's

sleep.你看来似乎需要好好睡上一夜。整句话的含义就是：它在药品销售上同样也能做到这一点；故do

符合题意。dothesamewithsth.是惯用用法。

A.for

B.into

C.out

D.upV

解析：解析：词组的辨析。整句话的含义是：药费也仅占全部医疗费用的10%。makeup〃形成，构成或

组成某物"符合题意。makeinto”制成，做成〃，强调制作的过程，不符合题意，排除。makefor〃走向，

驶向〃和makeout〃开出，写出，辨认出〃均不符合题意，排除。

A.receive

B.solve

C.fit

D.helpJ

解析：解析：上文的意思。这句话中的it指的是Wal-Marteffect.上句说作者认为药品方面的〃沃尔玛

效应〃并不会解决美国的医疗费用问题，but表转折，我们应该马上联想到〃沃尔玛效应”可能会有一点儿

作用；help符合题意。从上下文的意思看，这句话是要阐述〃沃尔玛效应〃可能会有一点儿作用，如选fit

只是说明〃合适“，却不符合题意，排除。solve〃解决〃、receive〃收到〃都是及物动词，后面必须有宾语，

而此处空格后没有其他成分，故不入选。

A.considerable

B.principal

C.controversialV

D.available

解析：解析：上下文的理解。上一段阐述了沃尔玛公司的一个策略遭到了各方面的指责；这一段则是另外

一个策略，即通过转为高减免额医疗保险模式来对成本加以控制，从上文可以联想到这个策略一定也是争

议颇大；controversial”引起或可能引起争论的〃符合题意。considerable〃值得考虑的“没有

controversial所表达的意思贴切。principal”首要的〃和available〃可利用的〃均不符合题意。

A.whoV

B.which

C.what

D.where

解析：解析：employers本题需要填，一个关系代词或关系副词引导的定语从句修饰employers,修饰人

的关系代词是who,符合题意，所以入选。which修饰物，不能入选。what和where均不符合题意，排

除。

A.suggestsJ

B.proposes

C.reminds

D.explains

解析：解析：整句话的理解。这类方案的好处需要证据证明，而suggests的意思是tomakeevident

indirectly；intimateorimply〃间接地表明，暗示“，符合题意。explains意思是〃解释”，此处并不是

去解释现象，而是证明结论，所以不入选。proposes〃建议〃和reminds〃提醒〃均不符合题意，排除。

A.interesting

B.misleadingV

C.expressing

D.illustrating

解析：解析：butcriticssay从文中可知批评人士对保健储蓄是持负面评价的;选项中misleading的

意思是givingwrongideas,deceptive”使人误解的,欺骗的”，符合题意。illustrating”解释的、说

明的”,interesting”有趣的",expressing"明确的"均不符合题意,排除。

A.organize

B.regulate

C.verify

D.controlJ

解析：解析：整句话的理解。control”控制，操纵，管理，支配（某人或某物）〃，填入空格后，句子的意

思是：无益于控制整体医疗费用，这就是批评人士的观点，符合题意。regulate具有迷惑性，其意思是

direct（sth.）bymeansofrulesandrestrictions,adjust”依照制度、规则或法律控制或指导〃：

但此处文意是用这个方案来控制整体医疗费用，而不是管理，没有control意思贴切，故不入选。

organize”组织〃和verify”检验，查证〃均不符合题意。

A.sinceV

B.then

C.when

D.becauseof

解析：解析：整句话的理解。批评人士对于方案持否定态度，并给出了原因，这里需要填一个连词，

since有〃因为，由于，既然〃之意，符合题意。becauseof后只能接名词性成分，所以不入选。then和

when都是连接表时间的成分的，均不符合题意。

A.hangson

B.takeson

C.spendsonJ

D.goeson

解析：解析：词组含义的辨析。spendson〃花费〃填入空格后，句子的意思是：美国人每年2兆美元的医

疗开支大都用在了患有慢性疾病的人身上，符合题意。hangson的意思是dependson”依赖，依靠“，但

句子中出现了表示钱数的$2trillion,故不如spendson合适。takeson”呈现，具有，雇佣"，goes

on〃继续〃均不符合题意，排除。

二、ReadingComprehension（总题数：10,分数：58.00）

2.SectionIIReadingComprehension

解析：

3.PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.

解析:

Whoeversaidthatvictoryhasmanyfathersanddefeatisanorphan,surelyhadneverheard

oftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).Inthecaseofthehaplessmultilateraltradebody

anditslongsufferingrepresentatives,thetotalfailureoftheopeningmeetingoftheso

calledMillenniumtraderoundhaslotsofpeopleboastingoftheirrolesintheviolent

physicalstruggle.Well.That“sjustbrilliant.Theyareproudofbeingpartofamovement

thatwantstowreckthemostimportantengineofeconomicgrowth,prosperityandoverall

globalrisinglivingstandardswehave-thefreedomoftradeandmovementofpeopleand

goodsbetweennations.The135-memberWTOiscomposedofsovereigngovernmentswishingto

furtherthisgoalandeasethesettlementofinternationaltradedisputes.Fromthesounds

emanatingfromSeattle,though,itwou1dnowseemtheWTOhasnowreplacedtheTrilateral

CommissionandtheFreemasonsascandidateNo.1totakeovertheWorld.Everybodyhashis

favoriteSeattlestory.Thecity'spolicechiefwillhaveplentyoftimetothinkabouthis,

havingnowresignedindisgraceoverthelossofcontrolofdowntownSeattle.TheSeattle

businesscommunitymaybemoreinclinedtobroodovertheirs—thepoorfoolsinvested$9

milliontoattractthemeetingtotheirfinecity.Whatstandsoutmore?Iwouldnominate

theunionofsteelworkerswhoweremarchinginprotest.It〃sanimagethatwi11bogglethe

mindforyearstocome.Thedebatenowisoverjusthoweffectivethisanti-globalist

coalitionwillturnouttobe.Intheheatofthemoment,italwayslooksasthoughthe

worldasweknowitiscomingtoanend.But.theoverwhelminglikelihoodisthatwehavenot

actuallyseenareplayoftheantiVietnamWarmovement,whichhadmuchclearerfocus,

obviously,thoughitsconsequenceswerefar-reaching.How1ong,afterall,canyouprotest

againstcheapimportswhenthosesameimportsareal1overyourhouse?No,therealreason

forthedisasterinSeattleispolitical,andreportscomingoutofthemeetingpointto

PresidentClintonasamajorculprit,whichmaybebothgoodandbad.Takingthelongview,

othertraderoundshavehaddifficultbeginnings,too.IttookyearstogettheUruguay

Roundunderway,whichfinallyhappenedin1986.Thankfully,wewillsoonbeelecting

anotherpresident,anditshouldbesomeonewhoseactionsmatchhisrhetoric.Still,itisa

disgracethattheworld'sgreatesttradingnation,i.e.theUnitedStates,iscurrentlyled

byamanwhosemotivationsaresonarrowlypoliticalandegocentricthathehasnowwrecked

anychanceofenteringthehistorybooksasachampionoffreetrade.(分数：10.00)

(1).Thestatement"victoryhasmanyfathersanddefeatisanorphan*(Para.1)isusedto

introduce.(分数：2.00)

A.thevictoryofsufferingrepresentatives.

B.thefailureofWT0〃sopeningmeeting.J

C.theroleofinternationalfreetrade.

D.thedynamicsofeconomicgrowth.

解析：

(2).ItisimpliedinthefirstsentencethatthefailureofMi1lenniumtraderoundcouldbe

attributedto______.(分数：2.00)

A.factorsotherthanamovement.J

B.violentlabordisputes.

C.misleadpoliticalmotivations.

D.troubledtradeunions.

解析：

(3).Bysayingthatanimagethatwillbogglethemindforyearstocome”,(Paragraph

3)theauthormeansthatthedebateinSeattleprovestobe.(分数：2.00)

A.dubiously-oriented.

B.quitetransient.

C.self-contradictory.

D.fairlyconsequential.J

解析：

(4).TheauthorisobviouslycriticalofPresidentClintonfor.(分数：2.00)

A.hisfailuretomatchhiswordswithhisactions.

B.hislackofhistoricalknowledgeabouttheWTO.

C.hisputtingtheissueinawrongperspective.J

D.hisexaggerationofWT0〃seconomicrole.

解析：

(5).Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems.(分数：2.00)

A.optimiStic.

B.gloomy.J

C.disgraced.

D.proud.

解析：

z/Popularart"hasanumberofmeanings,impossibletodefinewithanyprecision,whichrange

fromfolkloretojunk.Thepolesareclearenough,butthemiddletendstoblur.The

HollywoodWesternofthe1930"sforexample,haselementsoffolklore,butisclosertojunk

thantohighartorfolkart.Therecanbegreattrash,justasthereisbadhighart.The

musicalsofGeorgeGershwinaregreatpopularart,neveraspiringtohighart.Schubertand

Brahms,however,usedelementsofpopularmusic—folkthemes—inworksclearlyintendedas

highart.ThecaseofVerdiisadifferentone:hetookapopulargenre-bourgeoismelodrama

settomusic(anaccuratedefinitionofnineteenth-centuryopera)and,withoutalteringits

fundamentalnature,transmuteditintohighart.Thisremainsoneofthegreatest

achievementsinmusic,andonethatcannotbefullyappreciatedwithoutrecognizingthe

essentialtrashinessofthegenre.Asanexampleofsuchatransmutation,considerwhat

Verdimadeofthetypicalpoliticalelementsofnineteenth-centuryopera.Generallyinthe

plotsoftheseoperas,aheroorheroine一usuallyportrayedonlyasanindividual,

unfetteredbyclass-iscaughtbetweentheimmoralcorruptionofthearistocracyandthe

doctrinairerigidityorsecretgreedoftheleadersoftheproletariat.Verditransforms

thisnaiveandunlikelyformulationwithmusicofextraordinaryenergyandrhythmic

vitality,musicmoresubtlethanitseemsatfirsthearing.Therearescenesandariasthat

sti11sound1ikecallstoarmsandwereclearlyunderstoodassuchwhentheywerefirst

performed.Suchpieceslendanimmediacytotheotherwiseveiledpoliticalmessageofthese

operasandcallupfeelingsbeyondthoseoftheoperaitself.OrconsiderVerdinstreatment

ofcharacter.BeforeVerdi,therewererarelyanycharactersatallinmusicaldrama,onlya

seriesofsituationswhichallowedthesingerstoexpressaseriesofemotionalstates.Any

attempttofindcoherentpsychologicalportrayalintheseoperasismisplacedingenuity.The

onlycoherencewasthesinger*svocaltechnique:whenthecastchanged,newariaswere

almostalwayssubstituted,generallyadaptedfromotheroperas.Verdi'scharacters,onthe

otherhand,havegenuineconsistencyandintegrity.Evenif,inmanycases,theconsistency

isthatofpasteboardmelodrama,theintegrityofthecharacterisachievedthroughthe

music:oncehehadbecomeestablished.Verdididnotrewritehismusicfordifferentsingers

orcountenancealterationsorsubstitutionsofsomebodyelse〃sariasinoneofhisoperas,

aseveryeighteenth-centurycomposerhaddone.Whenherevisedanopera,itwasonlyfor

dramaticeconomyandeffectiveness.(分数：10.00)

(1).Thispassageismainly.(分数：2.00)

A.asurveyofdramamusic.

B.abouttheelementsinpopularmusic.

C.areviewofpopularart.J

D.aboutdramaticeconomyandeffectiveness.

解析：

(2).Thewriterassertsthatthedefinitionofpopularartis.(分数：2.00)

A.quiteaccurate.

B.ratherelusive.J

C.fairlyclear.

D.verydubious.

解析：

(3).itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheachievementsbyVerdi.(分数：2.00)

A.aretoosubtletorecognize.V

B.defyanyprecisedefinition.

C.aretheenvyofhistimes.

D.earnhimgreatreputation.

解析：

(4).Thewritermentionsthepoliticalelementsin19thcenturyoperatoillustrate.

(分数:2.00)

A.thepoliticalmessagesexposed.

B.theuniversalrecognitionofhighart.

C.theintendedchangesinpopularart.J

D.heroes/zandheroines*mentalstates.

解析：

(5).Accordingtothetext,Verdinscreativetreatmentofcharactersisperformedthrough

.(分数：2.00)

A.hisfrequentre-writingofanopera.

B.hiscoherentpsychologicalportrayal.

C.hisconsistentaspirationtohighart.

D.hiseffectivemaneuversofmusic.J

解析：

Biologically,thereisonlyonequalitywhichdistinguishesusfromanimals:theabilityto

laugh.Inauniversewhichappearstobeutterlydevoidofhumor,weenjoythissupreme

luxury.Anditisaluxury,foruniikeanyotherbodilyprocess,laughterdoesnotseem

serveabiologicallyusefulpurpose.Inadividedworld,alaughterisaunifyingforce.

Humanbeingsopposeeachotheronagreatmanyissues.Nationsmaydisagreeaboutsystemsof

governmentandhumanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcamps,

butweallsharetheabilitytolaugh.Andlaughter,inturn,dependsonthemostcomplex

andsubtleofall-humanqualities:asenseofhumor.Certaincomicstereotypeshavea

universalappeal.Thiscanbestbeseenfromtheworld-widepopularityofCharlieChaplain's

earlyfilms.Thelittlemanatoddswithsocietyneverfailstoamusenomatterwhich

countrywecomefrom.Asthatgreatcommentatoronhumanaffairs,Dr.SamuelJohnson,once

remarked,“Menhavebeenwiseinverydifferentmodes;buttheyhavealwayslaughedinthe

sameway”.Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromrefined

tinkletoanearthquakingroar,buttheeffectisalwaysthesame.Humorhelpsusto

maintainacorrectsenseofvalues.Itistheonequalitywhichpoliticalfanaticsappearto

lack.Ifwecanseethefunnyside,wenevermakethemistakeoftakingoux'selvestoo

seriously.Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremovedfromcomedy,sowe

nevergetalopsidedviewofthings.Thisisoneofthechieffunctionsofsatireandirony.

Humanpainandsufferingaresogrim;wehoversooftenonthebrinkofwar,political

realitiesareusuallyenoughtoplungeusintototaldespair.Insuchcircumstances,

cartoonsandsatiricalaccountsofsomberpoliticaleventsredressthebalance.Theytake

thewindoutofpompousandarrogantpoliticianswhohavelosttheirsenseofproportion.

Theyenableustoseethatmanyofourmostprofoundactionsaremerelycomicorabsurd.We

laughwhenagreatsatiristlikeSwiftwritesaboutwarsinGulliver'sTravels.The

Lilliputiansandtheirneighborsattackeachotherbecausetheycan“tagreewhichendto

breakanegg.Welaughbecausewearemeanttolaugh;hutwearemeanttoweeptoo.Itisno

wonderthatintotalitarianregimesanysatireagainsttheEstablishmentiswhollybanned.

Itistoopowerfulweapontobeallowedtoflourish.Thesenseofhumormustbesingledout

asman'smostimportantqualitybecauseitisassociatedwithlaughter.Andlaughter,in

turn,isassociatedwithhappiness.Courage,determination,initiative—thesearequalities

wesharewithotherformsof1ife.Butthesenseofhumorisanuniquehumanqua!ity.If

happinessisoneofthegreatgoalsoflife,thenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthe

key.(分数：10.00)

(1).TheauthorquotesDr.SamuelJohnson'swordsto.(分数：2.00)

A.spotlighttheunifyingforceofasenseofhumor.

B.stresstheharmonybetweenindividualsandsociety.

C.highlighttheincomparableluxuryofhumor.J

D.showthedistinctionbetweenhumansandanimals.

解析：

(2).Accordingtotheauthor,“politicalfanatics”(Para.2)moreoftenthannotfallvictim

to.(分数：2.00)

A.politicalrealities.

B.wi1dillusions.J

C.adversecomments.

D.noblequalities.

解析：

(3).Accordingtothe4thparagraph,whatintereststheauthoristhatsomepoliticiansfai1

to.(分数：2.00)

A.perceivethevalueofhumor.J

B.gainacorrectsenseofvalues.

C.distinguishcomedyfromtragedy.

D.realizedangersofhypocrisy.

解析：

(4).Towhichofthefollowingistheauthor1ikelytoagree?(分数：2.00)

A.Governmentagenciesareoftenaninappropriatesubjectforhumor.

B.Asenseofhumorinevitablypromptsustotakeourselvesseriously.

C.Manyissuesontrivialitiesmayariseforlackofasenseofhumor.

D.Thepursuitforhappinessisoneofthegreatestgoalsinourlife.

解析：

(5).Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe____.(分数：2.00)

A.Variousfunctionsofhumor.

B.Developall-humanqualities.

C.Differentsolutionstoconflicts.

D.Makeuseofhumorwisely.

解析：

ThehousingmarkethasbeenfortwoyearsproppingupconsumersZ'spiritswhiletherestof

theeconomyliesexhaustedonthefloor,stilltryingtostruggletoitsfeet.Accordingto

theNationalAssociationofRealtors,thenationalmedianexisting-homepriceendedtheyear

at$164,000,up7.1percentfrom2001.That'sthestrongestannualincreasesince1980.

Althoughresidentialrealestateactivitymakesuplessthan8%oftotalU.S.GDP,ahousing

marketlikethisonecanmakethedifferencebetweenpositiveandnegativegrowth.Most

significantly,consumerspendingis66%ofGDP,andthepurchaseofanewhometendstohave

an'/umbrellaeffect"onthehomeowner'sspendingashehastostockitwithawasher/dryer,

anewbig-screenTV,andmaybeaswingsetfortheyard.Themainfactorinhousing's

continuedstrengthisaclassiceconomicexampleofzero-sumboom:thepersistentweakness

everywhereelse.Asthe2003recoverycontinuestobemoreforecastthanreality.Falling

stockpricesraisedinvestorappealforU.S.TreasuryBonds,whichinturn,allowedmost

interestratestodriftevenlower.Buttherearenotmanysignsthatthere“sabubbleready

toburst.December'snewrecordinhousingstarts,forexample,wasnicelymatchedbythe

newrecordinnewhomesales.Ifyoubuildit,theywi11buyandevenifaneconomicpickup

startstoreducehousing'srelativeattractiveness,there'snoreasonwhymodesteconomic

growthandimprovedconsumermoodcan"thelpsustaininghousing'sstrength."Themomentum

gainedfromlowmortgageinterestrateswillcarrystronghomesalesinto2003,withan

improvingeconomyoffsettingmodestlyhighermortgageinterestratesastheyear

progresses^,saidDavidLereah,chiefeconomistattheNationalAssociationofRealtors.

Justashousinghastakenupmuchoftheeconomicslackforthepasttwoyears,bothasa

comfortinginvestmentforfrettingconsumersandadriverofconsumerspendingitself,abig

bumpelsewhereintheeconomyin2003couldbehousing'sdownfall.Ifstocksroarbackthis

spring,capitalinflowscouldstealfromthebondmarket,pushinguplong-terminterest

rates.OrAlanGreenspanandtheFedcoulddothesametoshort-termrates,asawaytohit

thebrakesonarecoverythatisheatinguptoofast.Inotherwords,ifeverythingpossible

goeswrongforhousing,homeownersshouIdhaveplentytocompensatethemintermsbfjob

securityandincomehikes.(分数：10.00)

(1).Theauthordrawsasharpcontrastbetweenthehousingmarketandtherestoftheeconomy

soastoshow.(分数：2.00)

A.theboomofrealestateactivity.

B.thestatisticsonhomeprices.

C.theroleofhousingmarket.J

D.thedegreeofconsumerspirits.

解析：

(2).Howdotheconsumersfeelabouttheirinvestmentinthehousingmarket?(分数：2.00)

A.Apprehensive.

B.Reassured.J

C.Indignant.

D.Annoyed.

解析：

(3).Aclassiceconomicexampleofzero-sumboom(Paragraph3)connotes.(分数：2.00)

A.economicslack.J

B.continuedstrength.

C.economicrecovery.

D.jobsecurity.

解析：

(4).Whenmentioningthe"/umbrellaeffect*(Para.2),theauthoristalkingabout.(分

数:2.00)

A.bondmarket.

B.stockexchange.

C.housingmarket.J

D.electricappliances.

解析:

(5).Towhichofthefollowingistheauthormostlikelytoagree?(分数：2.00)

A.Naturepassesnurture.

B.Manproposes,Goddisposes.

C.Faithmovesmountains.

D.Factsspeaklouderthanwords.J

解析：

4.PartB

解析：

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.Choosethemostsuitableonefrom

thelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdo

notfitinanyofthegaps.Thetragicimpactofthemoderncityonthehumanbeinghas

killedhissenseofaesthetics,thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietyhavediverted

hisattentionfromhiscityanditsculturalpotentialstotheproductsofscienceand

technology,washingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisionsets,computers

andfittedcarpets.Heis,atthemoment,drunkwithdemocracy,well-to-do,acardriver,

andhasneverhaditsogood.Heisreluctanttowalk.Statisticsrevealthatthedistance

heispreparedtowalkfromhisparkingplacetohisshoppingcenterisveryshort.(41)1.

Congestionhasbecomethepredominantfactorinhisenvironment,andstatisticssuggestthat

twocarsperhouseholdsystemmaysoonmakemattersworse.(42)2.''Puttinglandtoits

highestandbestuse"becomestheprincipaleconomicstandardinurbangrowth.This

speculativeapproachandthepressureofincreasingpopulationleadstothe"vertical”

growthofcitieswiththeresultthatpeopleareforcedtoadjustthemselvestocongestion

inordertomaintaintheserelativelyartificiallandvalues.Paradoxicallytheremedyfor

removingcongestionistocreatemoreofit.Partialdecentralization,orrather,pseudo­

decentralization,intheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltown

centers,only*shiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown;ifitisnotcombinedwith

theremodelingofthetown^stransportationsystem,itdoesnotcureit.(43)3.Itis

withinourpowertobuildbettercitiesandrevivethecivicprideoftheircitizens,butwe

shallhavetostopoperatingonthefringeoftheproblem.Weshallhaveradicallytoreplan

themtoachievearationaldensityofpopulation.Weshallhavetoprovideinthemwhatcan

becalledminimum^psychologicalelbowroom”.(44)4.Wemustcollect,inanorganized

manner,al1andcompleteinformationaboutthecityorthetown,ifwewanttoplan

effectively.Theprincipalunitinthisprocessis"IM〃(oneman).Wemustnotforgetthat

citiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillof

thepeople.(45)5.The^man-educate*man,thehuman,willhavetosetthetarget,andusing

theresultsobtainedby