考研英语翻译-(一)

考研英语翻译-（一）

（总分：100.00,做题时间：90分钟）

一、{{B}}SectionIUseofEnglish{{/B}}（总题数：5,分数：100.00）

Everyimmigrantleadsadoublelife.Everyimmigranthasadoubleidentity

andadoublevision,beingsuspendedbetweenanoldandanewhome,an

oldandanewself.{{U}}{{U}}1{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Theverynotionof

anewhome,ofcourse,isinasenseasimpossibleasthenotionofnew

parents:parentsarewhotheyare;homeiswhatitis.{{/U}}

Yethome,likeparentage,mustbelegitimizedthroughlove;otherwise,

itisonlyafactofgeographyorbiology.{{U}}{{U}}2{{/U}}

{{/U}}{{U}}MostimmigrantstoAmericafoundtheirloveoftheiroldhomes

betrayed:Theydidnotreallyabandontheircountries;theircountries

abandonedthem,andinAmerica,theyfoundthepossibilityofanewlove,

thechancetonurturenewselves.{{/U}}

Notuniformly,notwithoutexceptions.Everygenerationhasits

Know-Nothingmovement.{{U}}{{U}}3{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Its

understandablefearandhatredofalieninvasionisastruetodayasit

alwayswas,butinspiteofallthis,theAmericanattituderemains

unique{{/U}}.Throughouthistory,exilehasbeenacalamity;America

turneditintoatriumphandplaceditsimmigrantsinthecenterofa

nationalepic.

TheepicispossiblebecauseAmericaisanideaasmuchasitisa

country.{{U}}{{U}}4{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Americahasnothingtodowith

loyaltytoadynastyandverylittletodowithloyaltytoaparticular

place,buteverythingtodowithloyaltytoasetofprinciples{{/U}}.

Toimmigrants,thoseprinciplesareespeciallyrealbecausesooftenthey

wereabsentorviolatedintheirnativelands.Itwasnoaccidentinthe

'60sand'70s,whenalienationwasinflower,thatitoftenseemedtobe

“native"Americanswhofeltalienated,whilealiensorthechildrenof

aliensupheldthenativevalues.

“Homeiswhereyouarehappy.〃Sentimental,perhaps,andcertainlynot

conventionallypatriotic,butisappropriateforacountrythatwrotethe

pursuitofhappinessintoitsfoundingdocument.Thatpursuitcontinues

fortheimmigrantinAmerica,anditneverstops,butitcomestorest

atacertainmoment.{{U}}{{U}}5{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Themomentoccurs

perhapswhentheimmigrant，sdoublelifeanddoublevisionconvergetoward

asinglestateofmind,whentheoldlife,theoldhomefadeintoacertain

unreality:placesonemerelyvisits,practicingthetourismof

memory{{/U}}.Itoccurswhentheimmigrantlearnshisultimatelesson:

aboveallcountries,America,ifloved,returnslove.（分数：20.00）

正确答案：（当然，从某种意义上来说，“新家”和“新父母”一样，这一说法本身就是不成立的、父母就

是父母，家乡就是家乡。）

解析：

正确答案：（来到美国的大多数移民虽然曾热爱家乡，但家乡却背叛了他们的爱：并不是他们抛弃了家乡,

而是家乡抛弃了他们；而在美国，他们却发现，对新家园也能产生热爱，塑造一个全新的自我不是没有可

能。）

解析：

正确答案：（这种对外族入境的担心和厌恶任何时候都存在，这是可以理解的，但尽管如此，美国人的态度

却是独一无二的。）

解析：

正确答案：（王朝拥戴、圣地朝拜和美国都没有一丁点关系，美国人所尊崇的是一套原则。）

解析：

正确答案：（也许，这一刻就是移民的双重身份和双重视野开始趋于专一心智之时，此时，他们对家乡以及

家乡生活的怀念逐渐淡化，家乡已经成为某种幻影一一仅仅是,•个旅游目的地，借此追忆往事而已。）

解析：

Atthistimeofyearespecially,weatherisoneveryone，smind-andon

everyone，stongue.{{U}}{{U}}6{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Itisthematerialfor

theconversationofboardchairmanandboredcleaningwoman,ofyoungand

old,ofthebright,thedull,therichandthepoor.{{/U}}Asffthisbasic

coinofconversationneededtobegilded,theaverageAmericanconstantly

readsabouttheweatherinhisnewspapersandmagazines,listensto

regularforecastsofitontheradioandwatcheswhilesomeTVprophet

milksitforcutenessontheeveningnews.

{{U}}{{U}}7{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Sincetheweatheristomanwhatthewaters

aretofish,hispreoccupationwithitservesauniquepurpose,

constitutingasocialphenomenonallitsown{{/U}}.Farfromarising

merelytopassthetimeorbridgeasilence,“weathertalk,〃asitmight

becalled,isasortofcodebywhichpeopleconfirmandsalutethesense

ofcommunitytheydiscoverinthefaceoftheweather，simplacable

influence.Inspiredbyexceptionalweather,otherwiseimmutable

strangerssuddenlyfindthemselvesincommunion.

{{U}}{{U}}8{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Asvictims,peoplehatetocancelapicnic

onaccountofrain,andyettheyoftencheerwhentheweatherbringshuman

activitytoanabruptstop{{/U}}.Mostfeelthattheweatherindeed

affectstheirmoods.Ifmanseestheweatherdifferentlyaccordingtohis

circumstance,healthyfearworksatthehubofhisobsessionwithit.

Throughhumanhistory,weatherhasalteredthemarchofeventsandcaused

somemightycataclysms.Everyyearbringsfreshremindersoftheweather，s

poweroverhumanlifeandeventsintheformofhorrifyingtornadoes,

hurricanesandfloods.

Nowonder,then,thatman，sgreatdreamhasbeensomedaytocontrolthe

weather.{{U}}{{U}}9{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Withcomputersontapand

electroniceyesinthesky,modernmanhasthuscomefarindealingwith

theweather,alternatelyhisenemyandbenefactor,yetman，sdifficulty

todayisnottoofarremovedfromthatofhisremoteancestors.{{/U}}

Foralltheadvancesofscientificforecasting,inspiteofthethousands

ofdailybulletinsandadvisoriesthatgetflashedabout,theweatheris

stillultimatelyunstableandunpredictable.Man，sdreamofcontrolling

itisstilljustthat-adream.Theveryideaofcontrol,infact,raises

enormousandtroublesomequestions.{{U}}{{U}}10{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}The

visionofscheduledweatheralsoraisesambiguousfeelingsamongthe

world'sbillionsofweatherfansandposesatleastoneirresistible

question:Ifweatherwereaspredictableasholidaysandeclipses,what

intheworldwouldeveryonetalkabout?{{/U}}（分数：20.00）

正确答案：（天气是董事会主席和无聊的清洁女佣之间闲聊的话题，也是年轻人和老人、聪明人和笨蛋、穷

人和富人的谈资。）

解析：

正确答案：（由于天气对于人来说就像水对鱼儿一样重要，人们对天气的痴迷产生了独特的影响，造就了一

种独有的社会现象。）

解析：

正确答案：（作为天气的受害者，人们讨厌因为下雨而取消一次野餐活动，然而，他们还是常常会在天气使

日常活动突然停止时欢呼雀跃。）

解析：

正确答案：（现代人手边有电脑，天上有电子眼，在应对天气方面已取得了长足的进步一一天气一会儿是人

类的敌人，一会儿是恩人；但人类目前面临的困难与遥远的祖先相比却没有少到哪里去。）

解析：

正确答案：（全世界几十亿天气迷对按日程排定天气的预想拿捏不定，同时这一设想至少提出了一个无法回

避的问题：如果天气像节日假期和日蚀、月蚀一样可以预知，那么我们还能聊点什么呢?）

解析：

Whatismakingtheworldsomucholder?Therearetwolong-termcauses

andatemporaryblipthatwillcontinuetoshowupinthefiguresforthe

nextfewdecades.{{U}}{{U}}11{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Thefirstofthebig

causesisthatpeopleeverywherearelivingfarlongerthantheyusedto,

andthistrendstartedwiththeindustrialrevolutionandhasbeenslowly

gatheringpace{{/U}}.In1900averagelifeexpectancyatbirthforthe

worldasawholewasonlyaround30years,andinrichcotmtriesunder

50.Thefiguresnoware67and78respectively,andstillrising.Forall

thetalkaboutthecomingold-agecrisis,thatissurelysomethingtobe

gratefulfor-especiallysinceolderpeoplethesedaysalsoseemtoremain

healthy,fitandactiveformuchlonger.

{{U}}{{U}}12{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Asecond,andbigger,causeoftheageing

ofsocietiesisthatpeopleeverywherearehangfarfewerchildren,so

theyoungeragegroupsaremuchtoosmalltocounterbalancethegrowing

numberofolderpeople.{{/U}}Thistrendemergedlaterthantheonefor

longerlives,firstindevelopedcountriesandnowinpoorcountriestoo.

Intheearly1970swomenacrosstheworldwerestill,onaverage,having

4.3childreneach.Thecurrentglobalaverageis2.6,andinrichcountries

only1.6.{{U}}{{U}}13{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}TheUNpredictsthatby2050

theglobalfigurewillhavedroppedtojusttwo,sobymid-centurythe

world，spopulationwillbegintolevelout{{/U}}.Thenumbersinsome

developedcountrieshavealreadystartedshrinking.Dependingonyour

pointofview,thatmayormaynotbeagoodthing,butitwillcertainly

turntheworldintoadifferentplace.

Thetemporaryblipthathasmagnifiedtheeffectsoflowerfertilityand

greaterlongevityisthebabyboomthatarrivedinmostrichcountries

aftertheSecondWorldWar.{{U}}{{U}}14{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Thetinting

variedslightlyfromplacetoplace,butinAmerica-wheretheeffectwas

strongest-itcoveredroughlythe20yearsfrom1945,aperiodwhennearly

80millionAmericanswereborn{{/U}}.Thefirstofthemarenowcoming

uptoretirement.Forthenext20yearsthosebaby-boomerswillbeswelling

theranksofpensioners,whichwillleadtoarapiddropintheworking

populationallovertherichworld.

Asalways,theaveragesmaskconsiderablediversity.{{U}}{{U}}15{{/U}}

{{/U}}{{U}}Mostdevelopingcountriesdonothavetoworryabout

ageing-yet,inthelongerterm,however,thesamefactorsasintherich

world-fewerbirths,longerlives-willcausepoorercountriestoage

too.{{/U}}（分数：20.00）

正确答案：（第一个主要原因是，与以前相比，现在人们的寿命长很多，这一趋势在工业革命时期就初现端

倪，之后逐渐变得越来越明显。）

解析：

正确答案：（第二个原因就是世界各地新生人口数量越来越少，结果导致年轻人群数量过少，无法和不断增

长的老龄人数持平，这也是造成社会老龄化更主要的原因。）

解析：

正确答案：（联合国预计，到2050年，全球妇女的人均生育率将降至2,因此，到本世纪中叶，世界人口

总数将开始呈现平稳状态。）

解析：

正确答案：（婴儿潮出现的时间因地点的不同而略有差别，但在美国，始于1945年的婴儿潮大约持续了20

年。这一时期出生的人口数量接近8000万，对美国社会造成极大影响。）

解析：

正确答案：（目前，大多数发展中国家还不用担心老龄化的问题一一然而，从更长远来看，和富国一样，日

益下降的出生率和人类寿命的延长等因素同样也将使发展中国家面临老龄化问题。）

解析：

Ontheall-importantquestionofpower-theefficacyofpower,themorality

ofpower,thedesirabilityofpower-AmericanandEuropeanperspectives

arediverging.{{U}}{{U}}16{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Europeisturningaway

frompower,ortoputitalittledifferently,itismovingbeyondpower

intoaself-containedworldoflawsandrulesandtransnational

negotiationandcooperation{{/U}}.Itisenteringapost-historical

paradiseofpeaceandrelativeprosperity,therealizationofKant，s

“PerpetualPeace.z，

TheUnitedStates,meanwhile,remainsindulgedinhistory,exercising

powerintheanarchic（无政府的）Hobbesianworldwhereinternationallaws

andrulesareunreliableandwheretruesecurityandthedefenseand

promotionofaliberalorderstilldependonthepossessionanduseof

militarymight.{{U}}{{U}}17{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Thatiswhyonmajor

strategicandinternationalquestionstoday,AmericansarefromMarsand

EuropeansarefromVenus:Theyagreeonlittleandunderstandoneanother

lessandless.{{/U}}Andthisstateofaffairsisnottransitory-the

productofoneAmericanelectionoronecatastrophicevent.Thereasons

forthetransatlanticdividearedeep,longindevelopment,andlikely

toendure.{{U}}{{U}}18{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Whenitcomestosetting

nationalpriorities,determiningthi，eats,definingchallenges,and

fashioningandimplementingforeignanddefensepolicies,theUnited

StatesandEuropehavepartedways.{{/U}}

Europeansaremoreconsciousofthegrowingdifferences,perhapsbecause

theyfearthemmore.Europeanintellectualsarenearlyunanimousinthe

convictionthatAmericansandEuropeansnolongershareacommon

''strategicculture.z，TheEuropeancaricatureatitsmostextremedepicts

America"swarliketemperamentthenaturalproductofaviolentsociety.

{{U}}{{U}}19{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Buteventhosewhodonotmakethiscrude

linkagreethereareprofounddifferencesinthewaytheUnitedStates

andEuropeconductforeignpolicy.{{/U}}

TheUnitedStates,theyargue,resortstoforcemorequicklyand,compared

withEurope,islesspatientwithdiplomacy.Americansgenerallyseethe

worlddividedbetweengoodandevil,betweenfriendsandenemies,while

Europeansseeamorecomplexpicture.{{U}}{{U}}20{{/U}}

{{/U}}{{U}}Whenconfrontingrealorpotentialadversaries,Americans

generallyfavorpoliciesofcoercionratherthanpersuasion,emphasizing

sanctionsoverinducementstobetterbehavior,thestickoverthe

carrot.{{/U}}Americanstendtoseekfinalityininternationalaffairs:

Theywantproblemssolved,threatseliminated.And,ofcourse,Americans

increasinglytendtowardunilateralismininternationalaffairs.Theyare

lessinclinedtoactthroughinternationalinstitutionssuchastheUnited

Nations,lessinclinedtoworkcooperativelywithothernationstopursue

commongoals,moreskepticalaboutinternationallaw,andmorewilling

tooperateoutsideitsstrictures.（分数：20.00）

正确答案：（欧洲正逐渐放弃使用权力，换言之，它正迈入一个超越权力、自成体系的世界，这一世界由法

律法规治理，重视国家间的磋商及合作。）

解析：

正确答案：（这就是在重大国际战略问题上，美国人和欧洲人来自两个不同星球的原因。前者来自火星，后

者来自金星：美欧之间几乎没有共识，相互间的了解也越来越少。）

解析：

正确答案：（当涉及到确定国家战略重点、判断威胁因素•、判定挑战、形成并实施外交和防御政策这些问题

时，美国和欧洲各行其道。）

解析：

正确答案：（但即使是那些没有把这两者简单联系起来的人也认同，美欧在执行外交政策方面存在着巨大的

差别。）

解析：

正确答案：（面对真正或潜在的对手时，美国人通常倾向于使用高压政策而非使用外交手段进行劝说，强调

制裁甚于循循善诱，采用“大棒”政策多于“胡萝卜”政策。）

解析：

Itwasanadmissionofculturaldefeat;butthenHongKongisnothingif

notpragmaticaboutsuchthings.{{U}}{{U}}21{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}0nJune

6thitseducationministerliftedrestrictionsthatforcedfour-fifths

oftheterritory，smorethan500secondaryschoolstoteachinthe"mother

tongue”,i.e.Cantonese,themainlanguageofitsresidents{{/U}}.

SchoolsmayswitchtoEnglish,thelanguageoftheformercolonial

oppressor,fromnextyear.

Tiffsreversesadecade-oldpolicyadoptedafterHongKong，sreversion

toChinain1997,inanassertionofindependencefrombothformreand

presentsovereignpowers.Emotionmayhaveplayedalargeroleinthe

decision.Butitmadesomesense.StudentsspeakCantoneseathome,and

sousingitistheeasiestwaytoimpartinformationandpromotediscussion.

{{U}}{{U}}22{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Itisalsothefirstlanguageofmost

teachers:astudydoneatthetimeconcludedthatschoolslabeled

“English-medium"wereactuallyteachinginCantonesebutusing

English-languagetextbooks.{{/U}}

{{U}}{{U}}23{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Aftermuchbureaucraticrearrangement,

20%ofschoolswerepermittedtocontinueteachinginEnglish,whichmay

havemadesensetoteachersandadministrators,butnottoambitious

parents.{{/U}}TheyknowthattheiroffspringwillneedEnglishtoget

ahead.Thosewhocouldfleethepublicsystemforcostlyprivateschools,

orfortheeightsemi-privateschoolsrunontheBritishsystem,didso.

Therestmadeextraordinaryeffortstoentertheminorityof

English-languageschools.Theyhavehugewaitinglists;Cantoneseones

gapingholes.

Thathelpsexplaintheminister，s