2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练专题10 阅读七选五说明文（解析版）

专题10阅读七选五说明文

目录

题型综述2

解题攻略3

题型01主旨概括句题3

题型02过渡衔接句题5

题型03细节支撑句题7

题型04结论概括句题

高考练场

题型简介

高考英语阅读七选五说明文，主要向读者介绍知识、说明事物原理、解释操作流程或阐释社会文化现象

等。文本条理清晰，常运用小标题、数字序号、逻辑连接词来组织行文，让复杂内容层次分明，方便读

者理解。这类题型要求考生从七个备选项中选出五个合适的句子，填补文章空缺处，使文意连贯、逻辑顺

畅，综合考查阅读理解、语篇分析及上下文衔接能力。

命题类型

主旨概括句：常位于段落开头，用来点明段落核心主题，起引领全段内容的作用，如选段围绕某种环

保新技术展开，此空句子会概括该技术的总体特性。

过渡衔接句：衔接上下文，既总结上文要点，又引出下文话题，让行文过渡自然，毫无突兀感。比如

前文讲传统教育模式，后文谈线上教育革新，中间过渡句就需关联二者。

细节支撑句：为前文提出的论点、概念提供具体例子、数据、解释说明，充实文章内容，让抽象观点

变得具体可感，像提到健康饮食好处后，紧跟列举具体有益的食材。

结论概括句：考查对文章结论的概括能力，选项需要能够总结文章的主要观点。

解题思路

通读全文，把握大意：快速浏览文章标题、首尾段以及各段首句，明晰文章大致主题，明确是介绍科

技产品、文化习俗，还是科普自然现象等，构建宏观框架认知。

看设空位置，预判功能：如果空缺在段首，大概率是主旨句，要找能总领全段的选项；在段中，多为

过渡或细节支撑句，需联系前后文语义关联；处于段尾，可能是总结句，或是引出下段话题的过渡

语。

圈画关键词，找呼应：在设空处上下文中圈出名词、动词、形容词等实词，以及逻辑连接词。比对选

项，找出含相同、相近关键词，或是存在因果、转折、并列等逻辑呼应的句子。例如，上文有“but”

表转折，选项也应有转折语义相关内容。

利用逻辑线索：关注文中“firstly”“secondly”“moreover”“however”“therefore”这类逻辑词，它们能清晰

展示行文顺序、语义递进、转折对比、因果推导关系，顺着逻辑链条筛选适配选项。

代入检查：把选定的选项依次代入原文空缺处，通读全文，核查上下文衔接是否流畅，语义是否连

贯，语法有无错误，若读起来拗口、语义断裂，需重新斟酌选项。

题型01主旨概括句题

（2024·重庆·模拟预测）Veryfewpeoplecansaythattheyhaveachievedallthattheyarecapableof.But

whatisitthatispreventingyoufromfulfillingyourpotential(潜能)?

16Theyknowthattheyhavesomethingspecialtocontributeandtheyaredeterminedtomaketheirmark.

Thisdoesnotmeanthattheyaretooproud.Onthecontrary,theyareselfcriticalandpushthemselveshard

becausetheyknowthattheycanachievemore.

Itiseasyandnaturaltosettleintoarut(墨守成规).Whytrysomethingnewwhenyouarealreadydoingthat

youaregoodat?17Theytakerisks.Theymoveoutoftheircomfortzones.Theytakeondifficultchallenges.

Theypushthemselvestoacquirenewskillsandtofacenewexaminationsoftheirabilities.18Whereareyou

rightnow—insideyourcomfortzoneortakingrisks?

19Thinkingandplanningaregreatbutitisactionthatleadstosuccess.Itisonlybydoingthingsand

doingtherightthingsthatyouchangetheworld.

Let’sfaceit—yourfriendsandfamilyarereallynicepeoplebuttheyarenotchallengingyoutoachieve

more.Spendmoretimewithhighflyersandpositivethinkerswhounderstandambitionandachievement.Share

someofyourthoughts,dreamsandchallengeswiththem.20

A．Highachieversgofurther.

B．Thismeansthattheyruntheriskoffailure.

C．Allsuccessfulpeoplehavestrongself-belief.

D．Theycantakecomfortinmodestachievements.

E．Youwastealotoftimeeverydayonlowvalueactivities.

F．Theywillencourageyouandgiveyouthedirectadviceyouneed.

G．Itisreallyveryhardtomakeprogressifyouhavenoambitionforyourlife.

题型02过渡衔接句题

（23-24高三上·安徽·期末）Vegetablesarefilledwithnutrients.However,kidsusuallyhateeatingthem.

Herearefiveofthemostcommonreasonswhymostkidsdon’treallyenjoythem.

Kidslackinexposure.Thebestwaytogetkidstoeattheirvegetablesistoensurethattheyareexposedto

themearlyon.21.Therefore,ifyouwantyourkidstolovevegetables,start,exposingthemearly.

Thevegetablestastebitter.Kidsaresuperintothesweetandsaltyflavors,butsometimesvegetableshave

abittertaste.Thegoodnewsisthatthemoreyoueatvegetables,thelessunpleasantthey’lltaste.Ifyourkidsjust

won’teatthem,youcanmixthemwithotherfoodorcookthemdifferently.22.

Kidsareallergic(过敏的).Vegetablescontainvitaminsandminerals.23.Somekidsareallergicto

certainvegetables,makingithardtoeatthem.Soit’sbesttofindoutifyourkidsareallergictoanyvegetables

beforeyoutrytogetthemtoeat.

Kidsareforcedtoconsume.Ifyouhavenoideawhytheydon’teatthem,trygivingthemasnackwith

somevegetables.24.Instead,praiseyourkidsforeatingthem.Thenthey’remorelikelytotryandeat.

25.Sometimeskidsgowiththeflowanddowhatothersdo.Theytendtocopythebehavioroftheir

parents.Soifyou’renoteatingyourvegetables,yourkidswon’t,either.Thebottomlineisthatifyourkidsare

pickyeaters,it’sprobablybecauseofyou.

A．Justkeeptrying

B．Familyhatevegetables

C．However,thisdoesn’tmeanthey’reforeveryone

D．Don’ttrytoohardtogetyourkidstoeatvegetables

E．Somevegetablesarenotfreshanddon’tlookappealing

F．Mostkidsdon’tstarteatingvegetablesuntilaboutage2or3

G．Whattheyhearaboutvegetablesaffectstheirthoughtsaboutthem

题型03细节支撑句题

（23-24高三上·山东青岛·期末）AswediveintotheNewYearwithfreshresolutions,abigquestionis:

Howlongarewegoingtostickwiththem?36ButthereisastrategyknownasSMARTcanhelpbothin

settinggoalsandstickingwiththem.

Specific.Indailylife,we’redrivenbyourhabits,whichcomeeasily.Wecandrive,listentotheradioand

chewgumatthesametime.37Weneedtogetridofdistractionsandstayfocused.Masteringanewskillis

slowgoing,soit’sbesttobeclearonouraim.

Measurable.Whenitcomestogoals,there’softenadividebetweenintentionandaction.Onewaytobridge

thisgapistotrackwhatwe’veachievedeachday.38So,ifyou’relearningtoplaythepiano,logyourpractice.

Ifyouraimistoeatbetter,journalyourmeals.

Achievable.39It’sarealitycheckonhowmuchtimeandresourcesyouhavetodevotetoit.And,it

sometimesbegsabiggerquestion:WhyshouldIcommittothisgoal?

Relevant.Goalsandvaluesshouldbeconnected.Wemayspendyearslivingoutotherpeople’sdreamsfor

us.Ifyou’reextrinsically(外在地)motivated,youmaypowerthrough.Butyoumaynotbehappywiththe

outcome,evenifyou’reverysuccessful.40

Time-bound.It’simportanttosetgoalsthathavecleartimeframes.Mapoutanactionplan,andthroughout

theyearyoucanreferbacktotheplan.

Setconcretegoalsandplanapainforward.Whenyou’refillingyourdayswithtasksandactivitiesinline

withyourgoals,it’stimewellspent.

A．Butworkingtowardanewgoalcanrequirealotofbrainpower.

B．Weknowitmatterstoeathealthier,butitishardtofollowthrough.

C．Breakyourgoaldownintosmallerpiecesandthinkwhetherit’sdoable.

D．Peoplewhoregularlymonitortheirprogressaremorelikelytosucceed.

E．Ifyoupickagoalyoureallycareabout,you’llgetitdoneandfeelbetter.

F．Weoftenstartwithdeterminationandquicklyfindourpassiondecreasing.

G．Tokeepyouontrack,writedownyourgoalsandsharethemwithyourteachers.

题型04结论概括句

（23-24高三上·广东梅州·期末）Gettingandstayingfocusedcanbeachallengeeveninthebestoftimes.

Butwitheverythinggoingonintheworld,concentratingcanoftenfeeldown-rightimpossible.Belowaresome

tipstohelpyoufindyourflow.

Distract(使分心)yourbrain.Scheduleintoeveryworkdaysomebreaksfromallthatfocusingandallowyour

mindtotravelintowhat’scalledthe“default(默认的)modenetwork”forabitoffreestyleactivities.66.It’s

theplacewhereourmindsfindinnovationandcreativityandoftenmakebetterdecisionsthanthefocusedmind.

67.Thisinvolvesfirstturningyourattentioninward.Trytravelingwithyourmindtosomeplaceenjoyable

—maybeit’sawalkthroughanimaginaryforestorsunbathingonawarmsandybeach.Doingthisseveraltimesa

daycanofferyourmindafreshapproachtothejobathand.

Blockinterruptionsbeforedivingintodeepwork.68.Tohelp,turnofftextmessaging,notificationsand

socialmediaalerts.Bevitalwhenyouwantadeepdiveintofocus.Yourimportantworkbenefitswhenyoushut

offorputawayyourphoneandotherscreens.

Knowyourbodyclock.Whetheryouaresharpinthemorningoranightowl,don’tspendyourday—in

particularyourpeakbrainhours—doingbusywork.69.

Trynewhobbies.Engaginginhobbiesnotonlyisfunbutcanhelpuscomeupwithnewsolutionsto

problemswe’refacingatworkorhome.70.

A．Trytodaydreamwhathappened

B．Wetrytoobtainfocusbutinvain

C．Engageinpositiveconstructivedaydreaming

D．Instead,reserveyourbestbraintimeforthebigstuff

E．Thisnetworkofthebraincircuitiswheremagichappens

F．Ourdaysarefilledwithdistractions,fromothersandourselves

G．Allowingyourmindtimetoplayisanotherwaytoinviteinnovation

(2024年1月浙江首考)

Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbecomeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.

___16___Butareallonlinecoursescreatedequal?Howcanyoubesurethatdigitallearningisrightforyou?

___17___

Weinterviewedstudentsandprofessorstogettheiradviceaboutonlinecourses,Themostobviousadvantage

ofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.___18___“Ithinkapointthatmanypeoplelose

sightofishoweasyitcanbetofallbehindschedule,”saysgraduatestudentAmandaBindman.Beforechoosingto

study

online,considerwhetheryou’reaself-motivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyou

going.

Thetipthatcomesupmostoftenissimple:buildonlinecoursesintoyourweeklyschedule,justlikewhatyou

woulddowithinpersoncourses.___19___Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.It

issoeasytoletanonlinecourseslide,butyourgradeswillsufferasaresult.Besuretoschedulesettimesto

watchyourlectures,readmaterialsandcontributetoonlinediscussionboards.

___20___Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethis

problem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivate

eachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,or

schedulein-personmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.

A.Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.

B.Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.

C.Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?

D.ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.

E.Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.

F.Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?

G.Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.

(2024年新课标高考英语I卷)

Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionally

presentedmanuscript(原稿).____36____Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubleto

spellwordscorrectly.

Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon'ttrustmy

laptop'sspellchecker.____37____Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,

butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConcise

OxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.

____38____Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwords

whosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.

Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoina

bookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000

words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.____39____However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofa

wordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.

ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryofthe

EnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingone

definitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewarding

experience.

A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.

B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.

C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.

D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.

E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.

F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.

G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.

(2024年新课标高考英语II卷)

OvertourismIsForReal:HowCanYouHelp?

Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesand

communities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.___16___

Certainlynot.Thelossofwhattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.Herearesometipson

makingwisedecisionstominimizepressureontheplaceswevisitandimproveourexperience.

●Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonline

postsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,

cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.___17___

●Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.Though

overtourismisdescribedasaproblemaffectingtheentireworld,it’sactuallyconcentratedtoasmallnumberof

extremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.___18___Whynottrya

regionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?

●___19___Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You’ll

competewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomy

whentourismistraditionallyslower.

Visitingaplacethatotherscallhomeisaprivilege(荣幸).Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestination

specialinthefirstplace.___20___Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.

A.Visitduringoff-peaktimes.

B.So,shouldwestoptraveling?

C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.

D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?

E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.

F.You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.

G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.

（2023·新高考卷I阅读理解七选五）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

PersonalForgiveness

Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)is

human.____16____Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.

Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”____17____Areyoucaring?

Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsof

yourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.

Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’ve

doneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironing

withoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.____18____

Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.____19____Thatway,youcouldexchange

thoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’t

waituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.

It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.The

thingis,it’strue.____20____We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewayto

developandgrow.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.

B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.

C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.

D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.

E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.

F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.

G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.

（2023·新高考卷II阅读理解七选五）

Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia,I’moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanart

journey.Unfortunately,thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.Idoremember,though,whatitwasliketobeacomplete

beginner.SoI’veputtogethersomegoodtipsforstartinganartjourney.

·Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspiration

andmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.___36___You’llwanttolookbackonyour

journeytoseehowfaryou’vecome.

·Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whether

youpaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.___37___

·Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.___38___Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.

Welcometotheclub；we’veallbeenthere.Ilovetakingonchallenges.Ioncetookupachallengetocreatea

paintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.

·___39___Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocial

mediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermy

levelofartisticability.

Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.___40___Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.

Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.

AGetoutofyourcomfortzone.

B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.

C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.

D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.

E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.

F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.

G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.

A

（2024·河南·一模）Players,inProjectSEKAIaworldwhererealityanddigitalfantasyintertwine,1.

ASymphonyofTaps:EngagingRhythmMechanics

ProjectSekaitransformsfamiliarrhythmgameplayintoanenthrallingexperiencewhereprecisionand

timingbringmusictolife.Adjustabledifficultysettingsensurethatbothnewcomersandseasonedplayersfind

theirrhythm,challengingthemtoperfectperformancesandascendtheleaderboards.

InterwovenStoriesandEvolvingCharacters

AttheheartofProjectSekailiesitsrichnarrativedepth,wherecharacters—fromvirtualidolstovibrant

humanprotagonists—2.Throughfullyvoiceddialoguesandinteractivestories,playersexplorepersonal

growthandfriendshipsthatevolvewitheachnotesung.

ExploringtheDualDimensionsofHatsuneMiku:ColorfulStage

IntheheartofShibuya,Tokyo,thegameunfolds,presentingauniquescenariowherebelovedvirtualidols

likeHatsuneMikuexistonlywithintheconfinesoffiction.Yet,thesecharactersdiscoveragatewayto“SEKAI”,a

mysteriousalternaterealitythatformsinresponsetohumanemotions.3Thisgamesetsplayersona

compellingquestalongsidethesevirtualsingerstonavigatetheircomplexworldsandunravelthetruthshiddenin

their“truefeelings.”

Besides,thegamepivotsaroundasilent,melody-lesssongcalled“Untitled,”thatmysteriouslyappearson

variouspersonaldevices.4,transformingasplayersdelvedeeperintounderstandingandexpressingtheir

emotion.Astheyinteractwiththesong,itgraduallydevelopsamelody,lyrics,andfinallyaname,mirroringthe

player'semotionaljourney.5,challengingplayerstofindbalanceandharmonybetweentwoworlds.

A．bringtheirowndreamsanddilemmas

B．displayavarietyofemotionsstirredfromthemselves

C．ItactsasakeytoSEKAI

D．immersethemselvesinitwiththerhythmicspotlightsurrounded

E．EachSEKAImanifestsdifferently,reflectingthediverseemotionallandscapesofthosewhoaccessit

F．embarkontheircaptivatingmusicaladventure

G．ItallowsforafluidmovementbetweenthetangiblerealityofTokyoandtheetherealrealmsofSEKAI

B

（2024·广东佛山·二模）Anessentialwritingskillistheabilitytouseplainlanguageeffectivelytoconvey

ideasclearly.Plainlanguageinvolvesusingdirectandaccessiblelanguagewithastraightforwardstructure.To

writeinplainlanguage,itisimportanttofollowcertainguidelines.

6Theonlydetailsnecessaryarethosenecessaryforunderstanding.Forexample,thesign“Waitbehind

theyellowline,”atatrainplatformincludes“yellow”sotravelersknowwheretostand.

Plainlanguageavoidsusingvocabularythatrequiresspecializedknowledge.IfyouworkinIT,youcan

comfortablyusetheword“latency”withyourcolleagues.7ButwhenspeakingwithsomeonewithoutanIT

background,youmightinsteaduse“slow”toensurethattheyknowwhatyou’retalkingabout.

Plainlanguageismorethanwordchoices,though.Italsoinvolvesstructuringwritingtoprioritizeclarity.

8Forexample,useclearheadersforeachsection.Mentionthetopicearlyinasentenceorparagraph.Write

directlytoyourreader.9Additionally,usetheactivevoicewheneverpossibletoenhanceclarity.

Itisimportanttonotethatnoteveryguidelineforplainwritingwillapplytoeverypieceofwriting.The

ultimategoalistocreatecontentsthatareaccessibleandeasilyunderstood.Byusingplainlanguage,you

demonstraterespectforyourreaders’timeandintelligence.10

A．Thatisbecausetheyknowwhatitmeans.

B．Thiscanbeachievedinthefollowingways.

C．Thus,itdevelopspositiverelationshipswiththem.

D．Inmanycases,thismeanswritinginthesecondpersonpointofview.

E．Onekeyaspectofplainwritingisensuringsentencesareasshortaspossible.

F．ThiscanbeespeciallyimportantforthosewhospeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.

G．Plainlanguagereducestheriskofmisunderstandingscausedbyconfusinglanguagechoices.

C

（2024·福建泉州·二模）Whilemostofusworkhardtoshineatthepresentationsandspeecheswecan

preparefor,wemayfindimpromptu(即兴的)communicationscary.Actually,youjustneedtolearnspecificskills

tocommunicateeffectivelywhenputonthespot.Hereareafewpointers.

11Whatdoyouwantyouraudiencetoknow?Howdoyouwantthemtofeel,andwhatdoyouwant

themtodo?Havingaclearobjectivepairedwithanawarenessofyouraudiencewillnarrowyourfocus.Thenyou

canprioritizewhattosayandchooseyourexactwordsmorewisely.

OrganizeYourThoughts.Whenmakingformalpresentations,mostpeoplegivealogicalstructurethat

audiencescaneasilyfollow.Butfewofusadequatelyorganizethoughtsinimpromptusituations.12Infact,

thebestspeakersmaintainaudienceinterestbydemonstratingconnectionsamongspecificpoints,ideas,for

example.

Listenaswellasyoutalk.13Youshoulddotheopposite:focusonlisteningsothatyoucanbetter

understandthein-the-momentneedsandinterestsofyourconversationpartnersandrespondmoreeffectively.

Paraphrasingoraskingopen-endedfollow-upquestionscanhelpconfirmyourunderstandingandprovideextra

timetothinkaboutyourresponse.

Daretobedull.Don’tfeelyouneedtogiveastandoutperformance.Onepopularsayingapplieshere,

“14”Listenersaremorelikelytotrustandapproveofyouwhenyouspeaklikeahumanbeingratherthanan

actororarobot.Researchshowsthatthemosteffectivespeechincludesmoderateuseoffillerssuchas“um”and

“uh”.

Therealprobleminimpromptucommunicationisn’taninabilitytocommunicate.15Fortunately,a

measureofexperimentationthought,andpracticeoftheskillscanmakeimpromptuspeakingopportunitiesyour

timetoshine.

A．Identifyacommunicationgoal.

B．Heknowsmostwhospeaksleast.

C．Don’tlettheperfectbetheenemyofthegood.

D．It’sbeingsonervousthatwestrugglewiththetalks.

E．Wemayassumethatit’simpossibletodosoonthefly.

F．Aclearstructureenhancescomprehensionandengagement.

G．Mostpeopleobsessoverwhattosayduringimpromptuencounters.

D

（2024·湖南邵阳·三模）Inthejourneyoflife,there’sanoftenignoredhero—labor.Yes,that’sright,

goodold-fashionedhardwork.Whetherit’smowinglawns,babysitting,orwashingdishes,theactoflaboringnot

onlyfillspocketsbutalsoshapescharactersandmoldsfutures.

Let’sfaceit,weliveinaworldwhereinstantsatisfactionisthenorm(标准).Butwhatifwetoldyouthat

delayingthatsatisfactionandputtinginsomegood,honestsweatcanactuallybebeneficial?It’strue!16

17Imagineateenagertaskedwithmowinglawnsforasummerjob.Suddenly,they’reresponsiblefor

showingupontime,doingathoroughjob,andmanagingtheirearnings.Thesearelifeskillsthatnoclassroom

lecturecanmatch.

Moreover,laborbreeds(培养)perseverance.18Insteadofthrowinginthetowel,theypersevere,

learningfromeachsetbackandgrowingstrongerintheprocess.Thisperseverancebecomesacornerstone(基石)

forsuccessinallaspectsoflife.

Butperhapsthemostprofoundimpactoflaborisitsabilitytofosterempathyandappreciation.19As

teenagersservemealstothelessfortunate,theygainanewfoundperspectiveonprivilegeandgratitude.Suddenly,

thatnewsmartphonedoesn’tseemasimportantaslendingahelpinghandtothoseinneed.

Inconclusion,laborisn’tjustaboutearningapaycheckbutit’salsoaboutshapingcharacterandbuildinga

foundationforsuccess.So,thenexttimeyou