黑龙江省双鸭山市尖山区2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷（含答案）

黑龙江省双鸭山市尖山区2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五总分评分一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读理解Torontoisacityofneighborhoods,sowhereveryouareinToronto,you'reboundtofindyourselfsurroundedbyshopping,diningandcultureexperiencesuniquetothatspecificarea.Toronto'sCNTowerIt'soneoftheworld'stalleststructuresat1,815feetandtheglassed-inelevatorsoffervisitorsasenseofjusthowhighthatis.Inthetower's360Restaurant,dinerssitonafloorthatperformsafullcycleevery72minutes,guaranteeingdifferentviewsofthecitywitheachbiteofmeal.Plus,ifyouorderdishesattherestaurant,yourentrytotheCNTowerisfree.TheFairmontRoyalYorkHotelItisoneofToronto'soldestandmoststoriedhotels.Sinceopeningin1929,it'sstoodasoneofthelargesthotelsintheBritishCommonwealthwith1,600rooms.It'salsohometomorethan300,000bees,wholiveonthehotel'srooftopandproducehoneyfortheFairmontRoyalYork'sdiningfacilities.TheTorontoIslandsNorthAmerica'slargesturbancar-freecommunityoffersplentyofgreenspaceandbeachesforvisitorsofallages.ThoselookingforexercisecanexploretheislandsbybikewhilecheckingoutthebreathtakingviewsofToronto'sskyline;visittherentalfacilityneartheCentreIslandferrydock.St.LawrenceMarketVotedtheworld'sbestfoodmarketin2012,theSt.LawrenceMarketcomplexconsistsoftwobuildings.ThenorthbuildingplayshosttoweeklySaturdayfarmer'smarkets,whileinthesouthbuilding,openeverydayexceptSundayandMonday,meat,bakedgoods,jewelry…areonoffer.OneofToronto'smosticonic（标志性的）breakfasts—thepea-mealbaconsandwichisconsideredasignaturedish.1．Wherecanyouhaveabird'seye-viewofTorontowhiledining?A．TheFairmontRoyalYorkHotel. B．St.LawrenceMarket.C．Toronto'sCNTower. D．TheTorontoIslands.2．Whatdothefourattractionsshareincommon?A．Fantasticdishes. B．Greatfame.C．Breathtakingscenery. D．Diversecultures.3．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Atravelguide. B．Anovel.C．Anewsreport. D．Anadvertisement.阅读理解Americanfolklore(民间传说)isfilledwithtalesofimaginaryheroeslikePecosBillandtheLoneRanger.Yet,besidesthosecharacters,therearerealhistoricalfigureswhoselivesandfascinatingdeedsweremythologized(当做神话)overtheyears.Amongthemthereisanapplegrower,knownbythepopularnicknameJohnnyAppleseed.ThismanissaidtohavetraveledonfootacrosstheUnitedStates,plantingappletrees.Appleseed'srealnamewasJohnChapman.Chapmanwaswidelyknownbythepioneerssettlinginthewesternlandsinthe1800s.AndthenativeIndiansrespectedhimasa"whitemedicineman".However,notmuchisknownaboutChapman'searlylife,exceptthathewasborninanorth-easternstatein1774andthathismotherdiedsoonafterthat,It'salsosaidthathegrewuponhisfather'sfarm,whereappletreesgrew.Appleseed'slegendbeganwhenheplantedhisfirstappletreesinPennsylvaniain1798.Then,hebegantravelingwest.Walkingformileseverydayandsleepingoutdoors,heplantedappletreesnearsettlements,wherehesoldthemtothepioneers.Hisapples,whichwerenotsuitableforeatingduetotheirbittertaste,wereusedtomakecider(苹果酒).Thisbecameacommondrinkforthepioneers,especiallyinplaceswherecleandrinkingwaterwasn'tavailable.By1806,Chapmanhadbeengivenhisnewname,andstoriesabouthimhadspreadamongthepioneers.MostofthesefocusedonhissurvivalinthewildernessChapmanwasalsoknownforhiseccentricclothing:insteadofashirt,heworeaclothbagwithholesforhisheadandarms,andheworenoshoes.Heisalsosaidtohavecarriedabagofappleseedsandhavehadamealpotonhisheadasahat.WhenAppleseeddiedin1845,hehadwalkedacrossthreewesternstates.Andhewastheowneroffivesquarekilometersofland.Appleseed'sstorywasfirstpublishedinanarticlein1871.Yet,notallthedetailsinthisarticleandtheonespublishedlaterwerebasedonfacts.Appleseed'slegendhasgrownovertheyearsthroughsongs,storiesandplaysandmodern-dayDisneyproductions.4．WhatmadeChapmanalegendaryfigure?A．Inventingadrinkmadefromapples.B．Histraveladventure.C．Hischildhoodexperience.D．Plantingappletrees.5．WhatcanwelearnaboutChapman'sapples?A．TheywerefromChapman'sfarm.B．TheywerenotgrowninAmericauntil1806.C．Theywerepopularamongthepioneers.D．TheywerenotacceptedbythenativeIndians.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"eccentric"inparagraph4mean?A．Strange. B．Traditional. C．Casual. D．Colorful.7．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Themysteriousapples B．ThelegendofJohnnyAppleseedC．HowwereapplesspreadinAmerica? D．WhowasrealJohnnyAppleseed?阅读理解Manysugar-sweetenedbeverages(饮料)havelittletooffer—nonutritionalvalueandlotsofcalories,andtheirharmfulhealtheffectshavebeenwell-documented.Now,astudylinksdrinkingtoomanysugarybeverages—andeven100%naturalfruitjuices—toanincreasedriskofearlydeath.Specifically,drinkingtoomuchfruitjuicecouldleadtoanincreasedriskofearlydeathrangingfrom9%to42%,accordingtoastudy.Overall,thesugarsfoundinorangejuice,althoughnaturallyoccurring,areprettysimilartothesugarsaddedtosodaandothersweetenedbeverages,thestudysuggests."Sugarybeverages,whethersoftdrinksorfruitjuices,shouldbelimited,"JeanWelsh,aco-authorofthestudysaid.SevenUScities,includingNewYorkandmostrecentlyPhiladelphia,havelevied(征收)taxesonsweeteneddrinkswithaddedsugarinanefforttoreduceconsumption.Thenewstudydefined"sugarybeverages"asbothsugar-sweeteneddrinks,likesodaandfruit-flavoreddrinks,and100%naturalfruitjuicesthathavenoaddedsugar.Sohowdoesfruitjuicecomparetosoda?"Previousresearchhasshownthathighconsumptionofsugarslikethoseinsoftdrinksandfruitjuicesislinkedtoseveralcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseriskfactors,"Welshexplained.Peoplewhoconsumed10%ormoreoftheirdailycaloriesassugarybeverageshada44%greaterriskofdyingduetoaheartdiseaseanda14%greaterriskofanearlydeathfromanycausecomparedwithpeoplewhoconsumedlessthan5%oftheirdailycaloriesassugarybeverages,thestudyshowed.Eachadditional12-ounce(盎司)servingoffruitjuiceperdaywasassociatedwitha24%higherriskofdeathfromanycause,andeachadditional12-ounceservingofsugarybeveragesperdaywasassociatedwithan11%higherrisk.Thisisoneofthefirststudiestoexaminetherelationshipbetweensugarydrinks,including100%fruitjuices,andearlydeath,wroteMartaGuasch-FereandDr.FrankB.Huinaneditorialpublishedalongsidethenewstudy."Althoughfruitjuicesmaynotbeasharmfulassugar-sweetenedbeverages,theirconsumptionshouldbemoderatedinchildrenandadults,especiallyforindividualswhowishtocontroltheirbodyweight,"Guasch-FereandHuwrote.Welshsaidweneedtoconsiderbothfruitjuicesandsugar-sweetenedbeverageswhenwethinkabouthowmuchsugarweconsumeeachday.Betweenthetwo,shewasinfavoroffruitjuices:"Givenitsvitaminandmineralcontent,fruitjuiceinsmallamountsmayhaveabeneficialeffectthatisn'tseenwithsodasandothersugar-sweetenedbeverages."8．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．Sugar-freedrinksbasicallyhavenonutritionalvalue.B．Naturalfruitjuicesareusuallyhealthierthansugarybeverages.C．Drinkingtoomuchfruitjuicemaynotbeahealthyoption.D．Thenegativeeffectofdrinkingtoomanybeveragesremainsunknown.9．WhyhavesevenUScitiestaxedsugarybeverages?A．Toincreasethegovernment'sincome.B．Toincreasetheconsumptionofnaturaljuice.C．Tourgepeopletoturntosugar-freedrinks.D．Toletpeoplebuylesssweetenedbeverages.10．Howarethefindingsofthestudypresentedtous?A．Bygivingexamples. B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Bygivingadvice. D．Bystatingthefacts.11．FromJeanWelsh'swords,weknowthat______.A．sugarisamajorcauseofcardiovasculardiseaseB．fruitjuicesareonlyrecommendedwhenconsumedinsmallamountsC．thesugarinjuiceisdifferentfromthesugarinsweetenedbeveragesD．theamountofsugarweconsumemainlyliesindrinkswithaddedsugar阅读理解IsanyeconomistsodullastocriticizeChristmas?Atfirstglance,theholidayseasoninwesterneconomiesseemsatreatforthoseconcernedwithsuchvagaries(奇想)asGDPgrowth.Afterall,everyoneisspending;inAmerica,retailersmake25%oftheiryearlysalesand60%oftheirprofitsbetweenThanksgivingandChristmas.Evenso,economistsfindsomethingtoworryaboutinthenatureofthepurchasesbeingmade.Muchoftheholidayspendingisongiftsforothers.Atthesimplestlevel,givinggiftsinvolvesthegiverthinkingofsomethingthattherecipientwouldlike—hetriestoguesshisorherpreferences,aseconomistssay—andthenbuyingthegiftanddeliveringit.Yetthisguessingofpreferencesisnoteasy;indeed,itisoftendonebadly.Everyyear,tiesgounwornandbooksunread.Andevenifagiftisenjoyed,itmaynotbewhattherecipientwouldhaveboughtiftheyhadspentthemoneythemselves.Interestedinthismismatchbetweenwantsandgifts,in1993JoelWaldfogel,thenaneconomistatYaleUniversity,soughtestimatethedifferenceindollarterms.Inaresearch,heaskedstudentstwoquestionsattheendofaholidayseason:first,estimatethetotalamountpaid(bythegivers)foralltheholidaygiftsyoureceived;second,apartfromtheemotionalvalueoftheitems,ifyoudidnothavethem,howmuchwouldyoubewillingtopaytogetthem?Hisresultsweregloomy:onaverage,agiftwasvaluedbytherecipientwellbelowthepricepaidbythegiver.Inaddition,recipientsmaynotknowtheirownpreferencesverywell.Someofthebestgifts,afterall,areunexpecteditemsthatyouwouldneverhavethoughtofbuying,butwhichturnouttobeespeciallywellpicked.Andpreferencecanchange.SobygivingajazzCD,forexample,thegivermaybeencouragingtherecipienttoenjoysomethingthatwasignoredbefore.This,adesiretobuildskills,ispossiblythehopeheldbymanyparentswhoignoretheirchildren'sdesiresforvideogamesandbuythembooksinstead.Finally,thereareitemsthatarecipientwouldliketoreceivebutnotpurchase.Ifsomeoneelsebuysthem,however,theycanbeenjoyedguilt-free.Thismightexplainthehighvolumeofchocolatethatchangesovertheholidays.Thus,thelessonforgift-giversisthatyoushouldtryhardtoguessthepreferenceofeachpersononyourlistandthenchooseagiftthatwillhaveahighemotionalvalue.12．Forwhatreasonareeconomistsconcernedaboutholidaypurchases?A．Someoftheholidaypurchasesendupwithwaste.B．Seasonalsalesdon'tmatchprofitswell.C．Salesandprofitsarefarfrombeingmatched.D．Seasonalsalesfailtosatisfypeople'sspecialwants.13．Theword"gloomy"(in3rdparagraph)mostprobablymeans.A．accurate B．persuasiveC．undoubtable D．depressing14．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Recipientstendtooverestimatethevaluesofagift.B．Giftsmaybeusedtohelpapersontocultivateahobbyorskill.C．Chocolateisagiftwhichmaycauserecipients'senseofguiltD．People'spreferenceisbornwithnatureandremainsunchanged.15．Whichofthefollowingstatementsmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Recipients'preferenceshaveanimpactontheholidayseasoneconomy.B．Themoremoneyyouspendonthegift,themoreemotionalvalueithas.C．Guessingpreferenceisimportantalthoughsometimesitfails.D．Theattachedvalueofapresentistheessenceofgiftgiving.二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Remotecomputer-aideddesign(CAD)workinginvolvesdesignersusingcloud-basedCADsoftwaretoperformthesameworktheywoulddoatyourcompany'soffice.16．.Andthereareplentyofbenefitstothisapproach.GreaterproductivityMultiplestudieshaveshownthatremoteworkersareinfactmoreproductivethanofficestaff.Therearefewerdistractions(分心)athome,noaimlessgossip,lengthymeetingsorannoyingbackgroundnoise.17．.SenseofresponsibilityOne2018studyfoundthatanincredible97%ofemployeeswouldlikeaflexiblejob.18．Noonelikescommuting(往返上班),andremoteworkallowspeopletoimprovetheirwork-lifebalance.Itletsthemspendtimewithfamily,perhapsfitinavisittothegymwhenit'slessbusyduringtheday,anditgivesthemagreatersenseofresponsibility.Allmeansthatstaffwhocanworkremotelyarehappierandmorelikelytostayatyourbusiness.MoneysavingFromyourcompany'sfinancialperspective(视角),abenefitofremoteCADworkingismoneysaving.19．.What'smore,ifyouremployeesprovidetheirowncomputersandyouuseanaffordable-costcloud-basedCADplatform,yourexpensesareevenlower.20．Imagineyourcompanyfoundanidealdesignerforyournextproject,buthe/shelivesontheothersideofthecountry—inmostcasesyouwouldnotbeabletohirehim/her.ButwithremoteCADworking,thatpersoncouldbecomeapermanent(永久性的)memberofyourteamwithouthavingtorelocate.A.It'sfairlyobviouswhyB.TalentpoolexpandingC.ImprovementsonremoteCADworkingD.ThejobisnotdifferentfromwhattheywilldoattheofficeE.MostmanagersmayfearthatremoteCADworkingisanexcuseforstaffF.Instead,theindividualemployeecanfocusalltheirenergyonwork,andworkaloneG.Ifyouneedlessofficespace,youcansavehundredsofthousandsofdollarseachyear三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）完形填空Youneverknowhowfarakindactcango.Youdon'tknowwhoitcan21．,either.WhenGloriaPorterandJeffReickbegan22．,theyhadnoideahowmuchitwould23．otherstoshower(大量给予）peoplewithkindness.89-year-oldGloriaPorterwaslyinginhospital.Shecouldn'tleaveherward.Soto24．boredom,shewouldoftenstareoutsideherwindowtowatchconstructionworkersbuildingthenewfrontentrancetothehospital.Shewasn'texpectingoneofthe25．towavetoher.Shecouldn'thelpbutwavebackatthekind26．.Thiswasonlythestartofaspecial27．betweenthetwo.JeffReickknewPorterwas28．,sohedecidedtosendakind29．toherbyfindingsomechalkandwriting"GetWell"ononeofthebeams(梁）facingher30．"Ijustthoughtthatwas31．,"Portersaid."SoIshoulddosomethingto32．that."WhenPortersawconstructionworkersworkinghighabovethegroundonecold,windyday,shegrew33．.Shewrote"Staysafe"onapieceofpaper,whichshethen34．onthewindowfortheworkerstosee."WhenIsaw‘Staysafe'onapieceofpaper,I35．andsaidtomycoworkers,‘Didyouseethat?'"Reicksaid.Ifeverybodywillinglydoesthingslikethat,theworldwillbeabetterplace.21．A．disturb B．affect C．employ D．describe22．A．explaining B．singing C．arguing D．communicating23．A．require B．warn C．encourage D．force24．A．escapefrom B．putoff C．figureout D．makefor25．A．workers B．nurses C．doctors D．patients26．A．job B．gesture C．inspiration D．favor27．A．business B．trouble C．difference D．connection28．A．ill B．upset C．lonely D．poor29．A．message B．letter C．note D．warning30．A．door B．entrance C．wall D．window31．A．precious B．necessary C．familiar D．impolite32．A．record B．recover C．return D．remember33．A．puzzled B．thrilled C．worried D．annoyed34．A．knocked B．installed C．drew D．placed35．A．camedown B．brokedown C．turnedaround D．showedup四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）语法填空Researchersexaminedthebenefitsofsingingamongpeoplewithmentalhealthconditions36．(include)anxietyanddepression.Theyfoundpeoplewhotookpartinacommunitysinginggroupimprovedtheirmentalhealth37．thatthecombinationofsingingandsocializingwasanimportantpartof38．(recover).Thegrassrootsactionrunsweeklysingingworkshopsforthepeople39．mentalhealthconditionsaswellasthegeneralpublic.It40．(original)beganatahospitalin2005,butafterwardsmovedintothecommunity.Around120peoplenowattendfourfreeworkshopseachweekacrossNorfolk,twothirdsof41．havehadcontactwithmentalhealthservices.Theresearchprojectfollowedthegroupforsixmonthsand42．(undertake)interviewsandfocusgroupswithparticipants,organizers,andworkshop43．(leader).Thereportshowshowsingingandsocializinggaveparticipants44．feelingofbelongingandwell-beingthatoftenlastedadayor45．(many),aswellasimprovedsocialskillsandconfidence.五、写作（共两节，满分40分）46．假设你是某学校的学生会主席李华，请你围绕学校举办的"低碳生活，保护环境"的主题活动，根据下面所给提示，用英语给你校学生写一封倡议书。内容主要包括：

1)保护环境的重要性；

2)如何低碳生活(乘公共交通、植树等)；

3)发出倡议。

低碳生活：low-carbonlife/lifestyle

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dearfellowstudents,Yours,LiHua47．读后续写，阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Elizabethwalkedtotheyard,carryingabunchofdaisies(雏菊)."Beautifulflowersfor,for...Oh,I'llnevergetitright!"Shecried,throwingthedaisiesontheground.Shehadbeenpractisingherspeechforaweek.Partofhercouldn'twait.ThisSaturday,thegreatAnaWolff,famouspianist,wouldperformattheconcerthallintown.Forfouryears,ElizabethhadlistenedtoMsWolffsrecordingsoverandoveragain,lovingthewaythenotesflowedlikearushingmountainstream.PartofElizabethwasterrified.Hermusicteacheratschool,MrLeaf,hadaskedhertopresenttheflowerstoMsWolffaftertheperformance.ButElizabethknewherselfwell.Shehadseriousstagefrightandshereallyhateditwhenshehadtotalkinfrontofpeople.Evenso,Elizabethwasdeterminedtotakethechallengethistime."How'sthespeechgoing?"askedElizabeth'smother,"Wanttopracticeonme?""No,thanks,"saidElizabeth,"Mum,Ican'tdothis!I'llforget.Imightevenpassout(昏倒)!""Oh,honey.Thinkaboutit...sharingthestagewithAnaWolff.Whatanhonour!"Mumgentlycomfortedher.Elizabethkeptpractising."Beautifulflowersfor...forabeautifulperformance..."Shepresentedtheflowerstothecat,thedog,eventhestatueinthegarden.SoonitwasSaturdaynight,Elizabethstoodatthebackstage,behindtheheavyblackcurtains.Holdingthebouquet(花束)ofredroses,shefeltherheartracingwildlyandherstomachtightenedwithnervousness.Thelightsdimmed,andMsWolffbeganherperformance.Sheswayedandnoddedwithherfingersdancingacrossthekeys.Softsadparts,loudangryparts,partsthatsoundedfuntoplay.Drawnintothemusic,Elizabethforgotforamomentaboutthesixwordsshehadtosay.Withaflourish(挥舞),MsWolffplayedherfinalnote.Applausethunderedthroughthehall.Peoplejumpedtotheirfeetandcheered.MsWolffsmiledandbowed.Thenshewalkedoffstageandintothewings(舞台侧面).Almostimmediately,shereturnedtothestageforasecondbow.

注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；

2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。Paragraph1：Thencamethefrighteningmoment.Paragraph2：Theaudiencecheeredandclappedloudlyforthem.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．B3．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了多伦多的四个有名的旅游景点。【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据Toronto'sCNTower部分中的“Inthetower's360Restaurant,dinerssitonafloorthatperformsafullcycleevery72minutes,guaranteeingdifferentviewsofthecitywitheachbiteofmeal.”在摩天大楼的360餐厅里，食客们坐在每72分钟进行一次完整的循环，保证每吃一口饭都能看到不同的城市景观。可知，在多伦多的CN塔用餐可以鸟瞰多伦多。故选C。2．考查推理判断。根据Toronto'sCNTower部分中的“It'soneoftheworld'stalleststructuresat1,815feetandtheglassed-inelevatorsoffervisitorsasenseofjusthowhighthatis.”它是世界上最高的建筑物之一，高1815英尺，玻璃电梯让游客感受到它有多高；TheFairmontRoyalYorkHotel部分中的“ItisoneofToronto'soldestandmoststoriedhotels.Sinceopeningin1929,it'sstoodasoneofthelargesthotelsintheBritishCommonwealthwith1,600rooms.”它是多伦多最古老、最有名的酒店之一。自1929年开业以来，它一直是中东英联邦最大的酒店之一，拥有1600间客房；TheTorontoIslands部分中的“NorthAmerica'slargesturbancar-freecommunityoffersplentyofgreenspaceandbeachesforvisitorsofallages.”北美最大的城市无车社区为所有年龄的游客提供了大量的绿色空间和海滩；以及St.LawrenceMarket部分中的“Votedtheworld'sbestfoodmarketin2012,theSt.LawrenceMarketcomplexconsistsoftwobuildings.”St.LawrenceMarket被评为2012年世界上最好的食品市场，由两栋建筑组成。可推知这四处景点都非常有名。故选B。3．考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了四个多伦多的景点，可推知，本文可能出自旅游指南。故选A。【答案】4．D5．C6．A7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了美国历史上的一位传奇人物JohnnyAppleseed的故事。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Appleseed'srealnamewasJohnChapman”Appleseed的真名是JohnChapman；以及第三段中的“Appleseed'slegendbeganwhenheplantedhisfirstappletrees”Appleseed的传奇始于他种植的第一棵苹果树。可知，Chapman是因为种植苹果树而成为传奇人物的。故选D。5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Walkingformileseverydayandsleepingoutdoors,heplantedappletreesnearsettlements,wherehesoldthemtothepioneers.Hisapples,whichwerenotsuitableforeatingduetotheirbittertaste,wereusedtomakecider(苹果酒).Thisbecameacommondrinkforthepioneers,especiallyinplaceswherecleandrinkingwaterwasn'tavailable.”他每天步行数英里，睡在户外，在定居点附近种植苹果树，并在那里卖给拓荒者。他的苹果由于味道苦涩而不宜食用，被用来制作苹果酒。这成了拓荒者的常见饮料，尤其是在没有清洁饮用水的地方。可知，当时Chapman的苹果在拓荒者中很受欢迎。故选C。6．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“insteadofashirt,heworeaclothbagwithholesforhisheadandarms,andheworenoshoes”他不穿衬衫，而是头上和手臂上穿着都有洞的布袋，而且他没穿鞋；以及“havehadamealpotonhisheadasahat”把饭锅当帽子戴在头上。可推知，此处指他的行为比较奇怪，所以划线词eccentric意为“奇怪的”。故选A。7．考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了美国历史上的一位传奇人物JohnnyAppleseed的故事。“JohnnyAppleseed的传奇故事”适合做文章的标题，故选B。【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现，许多含糖饮料几乎没有营养价值，而且热量很高，它们对健康有不好的影响。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查推理判断。根据第一段“Manysugar-sweetenedbeverages(饮料)havelittletooffer—nonutritionalvalueandlotsofcalories,andtheirharmfulhealtheffectshavebeenwell-documented.Now,astudylinksdrinkingtoomanysugarybeverages—andeven100%naturalfruitjuices—toanincreasedriskofearlydeath.Specifically,drinkingtoomuchfruitjuicecouldleadtoanincreasedriskofearlydeathrangingfrom9%to42%,accordingtoastudy.”许多含糖饮料几乎没有什么可提供的——没有营养价值，而且热量很高，它们对健康的有害影响已被充分证明。现在，一项研究表明，喝太多含糖饮料——甚至是100%天然果汁——会增加早死的风险。具体来说，一项研究表明，喝太多果汁可能会导致早死风险增加9%至42%。可推断，喝太多的果汁会增加早死的风险，故选C。9．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“SevenUScities,includingNewYorkandmostrecentlyPhiladelphia,havelevied(征收)taxesonsweeteneddrinkswithaddedsugarinanefforttoreduceconsumption.”包括纽约和最近的费城在内的七个美国城市已经对添加糖的甜饮料征税，以减少消费。可推断，这七个城市是对添加糖的甜饮料征税，这样做的目的是为了督促消费者少买含糖饮料，也就是说让人们买不太甜的饮料。故选D。10．考查推理判断。根据第四段“Peoplewhoconsumed10%ormoreoftheirdailycaloriesassugarybeverageshada44%greaterriskofdyingduetoaheartdiseaseanda14%greaterriskofanearlydeathfromanycausecomparedwithpeoplewhoconsumedlessthan5%oftheirdailycaloriesassugarybeverages,thestudyshowed.Eachadditional12-ounce(盎司)servingoffruitjuiceperdaywasassociatedwitha24%higherriskofdeathfromanycause,andeachadditional12-ounceservingofsugarybeveragesperdaywasassociatedwithan11%higherrisk.”研究显示，与摄入每日卡路里量不到5%的人相比，摄入每日卡路里量10%或以上的含糖饮料的人死于心脏病的风险要高出44%，因任何原因过早死亡的风险要高出14%。每天每多喝12盎司果汁，任何原因导致的死亡风险都会增加24%，每天每多喝12盎司含糖饮料，死亡风险会增加11%。可知，作者通过作比较呈现研究结果。故选B。11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Welshsaidweneedtoconsiderbothfruitjuicesandsugar-sweetenedbeverageswhenwethinkabouthowmuchsugarweconsumeeachday.Betweenthetwo,shewasinfavoroffruitjuices:‘Givenitsvitaminandmineralcontent,fruitjuiceinsmallamountsmayhaveabeneficialeffectthatisn'tseenwithsodasandothersugar-sweetenedbeverages.'”Welsh说，当我们考虑每天摄入多少糖时，我们需要考虑果汁和含糖饮料。在这两者之间，她更喜欢果汁：“考虑到果汁含有维生素和矿物质，少量的果汁可能有苏打水和其他含糖饮料所没有的有益作用。”可知，Welsh认为如果想要喝果汁，应该少量饮用。故选B。【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，是一篇社会生活调查，结果表明你所送的礼物往往并不是接受者所想要的，但尽管如此，送礼时猜测对方的喜好还是很重要的。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查推理判断。根据第二段“Yetthisguessingofpreferencesisnoteasy;indeed,itisoftendonebadly.Everyyear,tiesgounwornandbooksunread.Andevenifagiftisenjoyed,itmaynotbewhattherecipientwouldhaveboughtiftheyhadspentthemoneythemselves.”然而，这种对喜好的猜测并不容易；事实上，反而很糟糕。每年，收的领带都没戴，书也没读。而且，即使礼物很受欢迎，也可能不是收礼人自己愿意自己花钱买的东西。可知，经济学家担心一些假日购物最后可能会是一种浪费，故选A。13．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“howmuchwouldyoubewillingtopaytogetthem?”你愿意花多少钱来买它们？；以及“onaverage,agiftwasvaluedbytherecipientwellbelowthepricepaidbythegiver.”平均而言，收礼者对礼物的估价远低于送礼者所花的钱。可知，结果是令人沮丧的，可推知划线词gloomy词义为“令人沮丧的”，故选D。14．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Someofthebestgifts,afterall,areunexpecteditemsthatyouwouldneverhavethoughtofbuying,butwhichturnouttobeespeciallywellpicked.Andpreferencecanchange.SobygivingajazzCD,forexample,thegivermaybeencouragingtherecipienttoenjoysomethingthatwasignoredbefore.This,adesiretobuildskills,ispossiblythehopeheldbymanyparentswhoignoretheirchildren'sdesiresforvideogamesandbuythembooksinstead.”毕竟，有些最好的礼物是你从未想过要买的意想不到的东西，但却是经过精心挑选的，而且人们的偏好是可以改变的。例如，送一张爵士乐唱片，送礼者可能会鼓励收礼者享受以前被忽视的东西。这种培养技能的愿望，可能是许多父母的希望，他们忽略了孩子对电子游戏的渴望，反而给他们买书。可知，礼物可以用来帮助一个人培养爱好或技能，故选B。15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Thus,thelessonforgift-giversisthatyoushouldtryhardtoguessthepreferenceofeachpersononyourlistandthenchooseagiftthatwillhaveahighemotionalvalue.”因此，给送礼者的经验教训是，你应该努力猜测清单上每个人的喜好，然后选择一件具有较高情感价值的礼物。可知，作者会同意“送礼时猜测对方的喜好很重要，尽管有时会失败”这个说法，故选C。【答案】16．D；17．F；18．A；19．G；20．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了远程计算机辅助设计(CAD)工作的四个好处。【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Remotecomputer-aideddesign(CAD)workinginvolvesdesignersusingcloud-basedCADsoftwaretoperformthesameworktheywoulddoatyourcompany'soffice."远程计算机辅助设计(CAD)工作涉及到设计师使用基于云计算的CAD软件来完成他们在公司办公室所做的相同工作。承接上文，接着介绍这种工作的基本特点，D.Thejobisnotdifferentfromwhattheywilldoattheoffice"这份工作和他们在办公室做的工作没有什么不同"，Thejob指的就是远程计算机辅助设计(CAD)工作，承接上文，符合语境，故选D。17．根据空前"Therearefewerdistractions(分心)athome,noaimlessgossip,lengthymeetingsorannoyingbackgroundnoise."家里没有那么多让人分心的东西，没有漫无目的的闲言碎语，没有冗长的会议，也没有恼人的背景噪音。此处总结这种工作环境的好处，F项中的Instead在此起到连接的作用，与前面提到的单位办公环境形成对比，"theindividualemployeecanfocusalltheirenergyonwork,andworkalone"起到了总结作用，F.Instead,theindividualemployeecanfocusalltheirenergyonwork,andworkalone"相反，每个员工可以把他们所有的精力都集中在工作上，独自工作"，符合语境，故选F。18．根据空前"One2018studyfoundthatanincredible97%ofemployeeswouldlikeaflexiblejob."2018年的一项研究发现，令人难以置信的是，97%的员工都喜欢弹性工作；以及空后"Noonelikescommuting(往返上班),andremoteworkallowspeopletoim