英语知识点总结

英语时间状语从句总结时间状语从句(由when,while,as,before,after,not…until,assoonas引导)1.when和while：when后可接非延续性动词，while后则不能1)

Tomwastakingabath,thetelephonerang.2)

thetelephonerang,Tomwastakingabath3)Wewerepreparingforthefood

theywereflyingkites.

延续性动词：do,work,learn,walk,wait,keep,watch,read,sleep,love,stay.

非延续性动词：open,close,begin,finish,come,go,borrow,lend,buy,sell,arrive,leave,tell,hear,ring,knock,die

2.注意主将从现规则：when,assoonas,until,before,after1)He

(call)usassoonashe

(arrive)inBeijingtomorrow.2)He

(notgo)tobeduntilhisfather

(come)backtonight.3)Sheisgoingtobeadancerwhenshe

(grow)up.4)Pleaseclosethedoorbeforeyou

(leave)at9:00.

3.用when,while,until,after,before,assoonas

填空1)Iwaswalkingnearmyhouse

theaccidenthappened.2)Iwasdoingmyhomework

myfatherwasreadingbooks.3)Heknewnothingaboutit

Itoldhim.4)Whatareyougoingtobe

youfinishschool?5)Pleasethinkoverthequestioncarefully

youanswerit.6)Willyoupleasetellme

hecomes?•状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等，在句中作状语，通常由从属连词引导。•九大状语从句：时间、条件、比较、结果、原因、目的、让步、方式、地点状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：while,when,as,assoonas,till,until,not…until,before,after,since,etc．时间状语从句引导词1）when，while，as①三者均可表示“当……的时候”，如果主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句表示的是一段时间，三者可通用。如：ImetKangLias／when／whileIwaswalkingalongthestreet．②as和when都可与终止性动词连用，while只能与延续性动词连用。如：Itwassnowingwhenwegottotheairport．（不能用while）③as强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生；while强调主句表示的动作持续于while所指的整个时间内；when可指主、从句所述动作同时或先后发生。如：Hesangashewentalong．PleasewritewhileIread．Whenhereachedhome,hehadalittlerest．2)before,afterbefore表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之前，意为“在……之前”。after表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后，意为“在……之后”。如：TheyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheywenttoschoolTheytalkedaboutthepartyafterthepeopleleft.3)until,till•until和till在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”，主句要用延续性动词；•在否定句中，表示“直到……才”，主句常用终止性动词，这时till和until可用before替换。Iwaitedtill/untilhearrived．Iwillwaituntilhecomes.Wewon'tstartuntil/till/beforeBobcomes．4)assoonas表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后，意为“一…就…”。如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。如：MybrotherwentoutassoonasIgothome.I'llphoneyouassoonasIarriveinTonghua．5）since：表示“自从…以来”，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时.（对since引导的时间状语提问要用howlong）.如：WherehaveyoubeensinceIsawyoulast？时间状语从句时态）主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（特别是用assoonas引导从句时）：Theboywillbeawriterwhenhegrowsup.I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.2)主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时：Whenthelightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.3)主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时：Pleasedon’tgotobedbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.4)主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态：IlikedreadingwhenIwasyoung.时间状语从句难点①until(till)直到，在用until表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如：Istudiedharduntil12o'clocklastnight.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如：Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhismothercameback②主将从现：•主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：Ifitrains,theywon’tgototheparkonSunday•主句是一般过去时，从句用过去将来时，如：Hesaidifitrainedthenextdayhewouldnotgotothepark•区别是if/when引导是状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态。如：Iwanttoknowifhewillcomehere.Ifhecomes,pleaseletmeknow.如:Idon’tknowwhenhewillcome.Whenhecomes,Iwilltellyou.2.条件状语从句1)引导条件状语从句的连词有if（如果）、unless（除非）等，条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样，如果主句用将来时，从句要用现在时代替将来时。如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.2)unless在意义上相当于if．．．not。Youwillfailunlessyoustudyhard．＝Youwillfailifyoudon'tstudyhard．3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。其中，and表示句意顺承；or表示转折，意为“否则”。例如：Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.4）用介词with,without可以把条件状语从句改写成简单句：Ifthereisnowater,thefishmaydie.=Fishmaydiewithoutwater.Ifyouhelpme,I’llfinishmytaskontime.=Withyourhelp,I’llfinishmytaskontime.3.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导，比较连词前后的结构要一致。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.1）表示甲与乙在某一方面相同时，用“as＋原级＋as”句型；表示甲在某一方面不如乙时，用“notas／so＋原级＋as”句型。如：DalianisasbeautifulasShenzhen．Idon'trunas／sofastasKangLi．2）表示甲超过或不及乙时，用“比较级＋从句”（从句中常省略意义与主句相同的部分）。Herunsfasterthanyou（do）．Todayislesscoldthanyesterday．3）要注意的是表示"越来越"这一概念时有两个句型：①比较级＋and＋比较级，如：ThedaysaregettinglongerandlongerThelittlegirlisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful②定冠词the＋比较级＋the＋比较级，如：Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn4.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由so…that,such…that,sothat引导。常用句型有：so＋形容词／副词＋that从句sucha／an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句such＋形容词＋复数可数名词／不可数名词＋that从句so＋形容词＋a／an＋单数可数名词＋that从句例如：HespokesofastthatIcouldn'tfollowhim．Hetoldussuchfunnystoriesthatwealllaughed．Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn’tseeit.(2)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou.(3)so…that和such...that在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是:“...so+形容词（副词）+that+从句”。例如：Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.5.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。because常回答why引导的疑问句，该从句一般位于主句后；since比as正式，两者不回答why引导的问句，而且其从句一般放在句首。如：Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：------Whyaren’tgoingthere?------BecauseIdon’twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。(4)for是并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。Theoilmustbeout,forthelightwentout.(5)because和becouseof的区别。because后跟从句，而becauseof后跟名词短语。Heislateforschoolbecauseitrainsheavily.Heislateforschoolbecauseoftheheavyrain.6.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.（目的状语从句）Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)(3）结果和目的状语从句还要注意以几点：①so…that用在单数可数名词前，so＋形容词＋a＋名词＋that，如：Sheissobeautifulagirlthateveryonelikesher或用such＋a＋形容词＋名词＋that,如：Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthateveryonelikesher②在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用such，如：Itissuchgoodweatherwewanttogoforapicnic又如：Theyaresuchgoodplayersthattheyshouldwinthegame.③在much，many，few，little之前只能用so，如：IhavesolittlemoneythatIcan'tbuyit④so…that之间只有形容词时，则不能用such，如：ItissogoodthatIwanttobuy⑤sothat其后接从句，如：IgotupearliersothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus7.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由though／although（虽然），eventhough（尽管），evenif(即使），whoever（无论谁），（无论怎样），whatever（无论什么）等连词引导。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.Evenifheispoor,shelovesherhusband.(2)because不能与并列连词so，though／although不能与but同时在句中使用。如：Shewaslateforschoolbecauseshemissedthebus．=Shemissedthebus，soshewaslateforschool．我们不能说：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.应该说：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.8.方式状语从句•引导方式状语从句的有as（按照）等。如：Iwilldoitasyoutellme．我将照你说的做。•要注意的是as(连词)与like(介词)的区别。•as作为连词其后接从句，如：PleasedoitasIdidit但后面的句子常作省略，如：PleasedoitasI•like是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如：Pleasedoitlikeme9.地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.正误辨析1.［F］Whiletheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.［T］Whentheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.［析］while是强调两个动作在同时进行中，如：WhileIamdoingmyhomework,myfatherisreadinganewspaper.而这里的when是"正当某某时刻"，"就在这一时间点上"，其重点强调在某一特定时刻某动作的发生。2.［误］WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.［正］WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.

［析］这里用when表达在一个动作的进行中，另一个动作突然发生了。正在进行的动作用一进行时态，而突然发生的动作用一般时态。3.［误］WhileIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.［正］WhenIheardthebadnews,Ifeltsad.

［析］while不能表达瞬时某一时间点。4.［误］Forthereisnolightintheclassroom.Thestudentsmusthavegonehome.［正］Thestudentsmusthavegonehome,forthereisnolightintheclassroom.

［析］由for引出的原因状语从句要注意不能将该从句置于句首，而应置于主句之后，并在主句与从句之间加一逗号。更要注意的是because,as,since与for4个表示原因的连词中because是因果关系，是最强的一个，而for是最弱的一个。有些语法书中干脆把for叫做并列连词5.［误］Shesangwhenshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.［正］Shesangasshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.

［析］as用于句中时，其要点是强调两个动作的同时进行。这里用when虽然不能讲是语法上的错误，但则看不出来小女孩因独自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。6.［误］Ifinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveo'clocklastnight.［正］Ididn'tfinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveo'clocklastnight.

［正］Ididmyhomeworkuntiltwelveo'clocklastnight.

［析］until用在句中时其含义是某一动作一直持续到某时结束，那么句中的动词则一定要用持续性动词，如果要用瞬间，或截止性动词时一定要用否定句式。因截止性动作的否定式应看作是持续性的动作。如离开leave是瞬间动作，因一出门即为离开了，而不离开则是长时间的。7.［误］IhavestudiedEnglishwhenIwastwelve.［正］IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwastwelve.

［析］since引出的时间状语从句是表达了一个时间点，而这个时间点是主句动作的启始点，所以主句一般要用完成时态。8.［误］Becausehedidn'tstudyhard,sohedidn'tpasstheexam.［正］Hedidn'tpasstheexambecausehedidn'tstudyhard.

［析］because与so在英文中两者不能并用的，只能在句中用9.［误］BeforeIdonotgiveyoutheanswer,I'llaskyousomequestions.［正］BeforeIgiveyoutheanswer,I'llaskyousomequestions.

［析］这种错误是由于受中文的影响。在中文中可以讲"我没给你答案前"。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。10.［误］Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.［正］Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.

［析］so与such的用法:such用于单数可数名词之前，或者在不可数名词前或可数名词复数前；当that前只有形容词或副词时，这时只能用so,如：Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.HeransofastthatIcouldn‘tkeepupwithhim.11.［误］Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.［正］Hegotupearlierthismorninginordertotocatchthefirstbus.

［正］Hegotupsoearlierthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.

［析］so…that与sothat的用法有相同之处，那就是其后接从句，而inorderto其后要接不定式，即动词原形。12.［误］Iwanttobuysamestampthatyouhave.［正］Iwanttobuythesamestampasyouhave.

［析］thesame…as(that)这是个固定用法，在same前的定冠词是不能少的。而thesame…that意为"我要的就是那一个"。而thesame…as为"要的是和……一样的东西"。由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.历史事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945.4.部分情态动词,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatday2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat___throughthestreet___.A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat__alongway__.A.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat__takeitback____.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextday5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…that6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.A.thatheheard…aweekagoB.whathehadheard…theweekbeforeC.whathehadherd…aweekagoD.ifheheard…theweekago7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.A.willhe…nexttimeB.wouldhe…thenexttimeC.hewould…thenexttimeD.hewill…nexttime8.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhere____holidays.A.shespentherB.youspendyourC.shespendherD.youspentyour9.Blackaskedme,“Whyhaven’tyoulefthereyet?”Blackaskedmewhy____yet.A.Ihadn’tleftthereB.Ihaven’tlefthereC.hadn’tIleftthereD.haven’tIlefthere10.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher___thesun___intheeast.A.if…riseB.if…risesC.whether…roseD.whetherdid…riseD.whetherdid…rise初二英语动词不定式总结动词不定式（todo）1.

动词不定式做主语1)

Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth

做某事花费某人多长时间It

me20minutes

(get)toschooleveryday.It

mejustafewhours

(reach)thetopofthemountyesterday.2)

Itcosts/costsb.somemoneytodosth

做某事花费某人多少钱It

them1yuan

(take)abustoschooleveryday.It

him30yuan

(take)ataxihomelastweek.3)

It’s+adj.+todosth

做某事是怎么样的

It’simportant

(obey)thetrafficrules.

It’simpossible

(finish)somuchhomeworkinanhour.

2.

动词不定式做宾语wanttodo/wouldliketodosth

想要做某事

wish/hopetodosth

希望做某事learntodosth学习做某事

plantodosth

计划做某事usedtodosth

过去常常做某事

remembertodosth记住要做某事forgettodosth

忘记要做某事

decidetodosth

决定做某事havetodosth.

不得不做某事

start/begintodosth.

开始做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.

帮助某人做某事

encouragesb.todosth

鼓励某人做某事asksb.(not)todosth.

叫某人做某事

tellsb.(not)todosth.

告诉某人做某事leadsbtodosth

带领某人做某事

warnsb.(not)todosth.

提醒某人做某事

3.动词不定式做定语Ihavesomeexcitingnews

(tell)you.Theyarediscussingtheways

(raise)money.

4.

动词不定式做表语Yourtaskis