浙江专用2024高考英语二轮复习专题一第二部分题型应对策略第二讲做出推理和判断-推理判断题教案

PAGE1-其次讲做出推理和推断——推理推断题推理推断题是历年高考英语阅读理解的命题集中点，包括推理和推断两个方面，属于深层理解题。高考对推理推断题的考查形式包括以下几种：推断隐含意义、推断目的意图、推断文章出处或读者对象、推断观点看法。高考推理推断题题量统计考纲解读年份浙江卷(1)推理推断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细微环节的示意，做出确定的推理和推断，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。(2)主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的实力以及考生的识别实力。(3)推理推断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意思的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握推理推断题常见的命题方式：(1)Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________．(2)Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat________．(3)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageis________．(5)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?(6)What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards...?(7)Thewriterdevelopedthepassage/hismainideaby________．(8)Thefirst/lastparagraphservesasa(n)________．Ⅱ.驾驭推理推断题的考查角度：(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点看法。(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、目标读者。eq\a\vs4\al([考向1])推断隐含意义题——逻辑分析得结论推断隐含意义题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出合情合理的推理和推断，即考生不仅须要读懂原文，而且还要理解作者的言外之意。其涉及的内容可能是文中某一句或某几句话，但做题的指导思想都要以文中供应的信息为依据。常见的设问方式：◆Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________．◆Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．◆Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________．◆Whatcanweinferabout...?◆Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?◆Whatdoesthe...paragraphimply?[典例](2024·全国卷Ⅰ·B片段)Whaleygottheideaofthissecond­gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.26．WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto________．A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB．assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD．inspirestudents’loveforpoliticseq\a\vs4\al([解题思路])第一步确定题干中的关键信息inferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sproject其次步定位到原文信息句，并找出体现观点看法的关键句Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.第三步进行合理推断得出答案Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，更重要的是让他们发觉自己的特长，从而树立自信。自主解答：Aeq\a\vs4\al()第一步确定题干中的关键信息。其次步在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围，立足原文，再结合语境和生活常识进行合乎逻辑的推理推断。eq\a\vs4\al([考向2])写作意图题——文体特点看意图通常状况下，作者在文中不干脆陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的实力。常见的设问方式：◆Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?◆Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?◆Whatisthepurpose/intentionoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?◆Forwhatpurposedidtheauthorwritethepassage?◆Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto________．[典例](2024·浙江卷6月·A)In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam­poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(识字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop？Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60，000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf­dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.23．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter.B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.eq\a\vs4\al([解题思路])第一步确定题干中关键信息purpose其次步速读文章，试找出相关的关键句Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.第三步与选项进行对比得出答案依据文中对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍，和文章最终一句可知，本文写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位宏大的作家。自主解答：Aeq\a\vs4\al()写作意图通常有以下三种：1．toentertainreaders/totellanexperience常见于记叙文、个人经验或故事类的文章。2．topersuadereaders/tosellaproductoraservice/toattractreadersorvisitors常见于广告。3．toinformreaders/toreport/totell/todescribe常见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类的文章，以及劝说类或建议类的文章。eq\a\vs4\al([考向3])观点看法题——依据措辞定看法高考英语阅读理解对观点看法类的设题越来越敏捷，题目难度也有所增加，考查作者对文中人、事、物或内容的观点或看法的题量较多。这对考生对文章的主旨大意和细微环节的理解提出了更高的要求，考生要利用多种阅读理解的技巧来细致确定提干的关键信息，借此定位文中的原句并精确推断出答案。常见的设问方式：◆Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?◆Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...?◆Whatistheauthor’sopinionon/about...?◆Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards/to...?◆Howdoestheauthorsoundin...paragraph?◆Howdoestheauthorsoundwhentellingthestory?◆Theauthorthinks...is________．◆Theauthor’sattitudetowards...canbedescribedas________.[典例](2024·北京卷·D片段)PreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself­drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself­drivingcars...Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar­controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.50．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself－drivingcars?A．Doubtful. ．Positive.C．Disapproving. ．Sympathetic.eq\a\vs4\al([解题思路])第一步确定题干中的关键信息theauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself­drivingcars其次步定位到原文信息句，并找出进行推断的关键句首段中的Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.和尾段中的Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.第三步进行合理推断得出答案无人驾驶汽车的时代立刻到来，打算好迎接它吧。由此推断作者对无人驾驶汽车的发展持主动乐观的看法。自主解答：Beq\a\vs4\al()1．留意作者或文中人物的措辞：文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或看法往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。(1)正确驾驭字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不行用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、看法或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平常所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景学问来进行合理的推断。2．牢记常见有关作者情感看法的词语：(1)表示支持或确定：positive主动乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；humorous幽默的；enthusiastic热忱的；pleasant开心的。(2)表示中立：indifferent不感爱好的，漠不关切的；uninterested不感爱好的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；notmentioned未提及的。(3)表示反对或否定：disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical指责的；negative否定的，消极的；suspicious/skeptical怀疑的；disappointed悲观的；disapproving不赞成的。eq\a\vs4\al([考向4])文章出处或读者对象题——语言特色推出处或读者对象文章来源题要求考生具备确定的常识，能够依据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处和类别。读者对象推断题要求考生依据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象，即作者预定的读者对象是什么人。常见的设问方式：◆Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?◆Inwhichofthefollowingwouldthispassagemostlikelybefound?◆Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof________．◆Wherewouldthepassagemostprobablyappear?◆Thepassageisprobablyintendedfor________．◆Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor________．◆Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?[典例](2024·全国卷Ⅰ·C片段)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee­spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow­costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.31．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary. ．Aguidebook.C．Anovel. ．Amagazine.eq\a\vs4\al([解题思路])第一步确定题干中的关键信息likelyfrom其次步定位到原文，找寻相关信息ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow­costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.第三步进行合理推断得出答案依据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及关键词researchers，low­costdevice等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道。科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。自主解答：Deq\a\vs4\al()从文章的内容或结构推断其出处：1．报纸：前面常会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。2．广告：格式特别，简单分辨。3．产品说明：常含有操作方式、运用方法等。4．网页：常含有网页的典型用语，如click等。(2024·浙江卷6月·B)Money__with__no__strings__attached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio­economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook，”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles，”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost.”Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays，”hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”【解题导语】文章介绍了TylerBridges发起的一个项目，让有实力的人捐助钱财，让须要的人自取钱财，而这个项目的宗旨是让人们能够相互帮助。24．Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inparagraph1mean?A．Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B．Moneynotlegallymade.C．Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D．Moneynottiedtogether.C解析：句意理解题。依据下文的内容并结合木板上写的“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed”可知，附在木板上的钱是可以随意取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C项。25．WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?A．Womentendedtobemoresociable.B．Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.C．Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D．Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.B解析：推理推断题。依据其次段的内容，尤其是“Peopleofallages,races...evenhadabride”可推知，作者提到新娘参与该活动来说明参与人员的多样性，故选B项。26．WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?A．Todoatestonpeople’smorals.B．Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.C．Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.D．Topromotekindnessandsympathy.D解析：细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段第一句中的“Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy”并结合全文内容可知，Bridges开展这个活动的目的在于传递“慷慨和怜悯之心”，故选D项。eq\a\vs4\al()一“抓”一“整”找“依据”，巧做推理推断题1．抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：要擅长抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即用某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、推断，利用逆向思维或正向推理。2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断：有时须要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理推断，确定最佳答案。3．以事实为依据：推断确定要以文章所供应的事实为依据，不能凭空想象，这样才能做出合理的推断。A(2024·杭州诊断)AtinyAlaskavillagehasexperiencedaboomintourisminrecentyearsaspolarbearsspendmoretimeonlandthanonArcticseaice.Morethan2，000peoplevisitedthenorthernAlaskavillageofKaktovikin2024toseepolarbearsinthewild.Thefarnorthcommunityliesinanareawhereincreasinglyhighertemperaturehasspedupthemovementofseaice,theprimaryhabitat(栖息地)ofpolarbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwaterbeyondthecontinentalshelf,morebearsareremainingonlandtolookforfood.PolarbearshavealwaysbeenacommonsightonseaicenearKaktovik,butvillagersstartednoticingachangeinthemid­1990s.Morebearsseemedtostayonland,andresearchersbegantakingnoteofmorefemalebearsmakinghomesinthesnowonlandinsteadofontheicetoraisetheirbabies.U．S.FishandWildlifeServicebiologistsbeganhearingreportsoftheincreasingnumberofpolarbearsintheareaintheearly2000s.Asmoreattentionwasgiventotheplight(逆境)ofpolarbearsaboutadecadeago,moretouristsstartedheadingtoKaktovik.“Thevillagehadfewerthan50visitorsannuallybefore2011，”saidJenniferReed,oftheArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge.“Todaywe’retalkingabouthundredsandhundredsofvisitors,manyfromaroundtheworldeachyear，”Reedsaid.Mosttouristsvisitinthefall,whenbearsareforcedtowardlandbecauseseaiceisfarthestawayfromtheshore.BruceInglangasak,alocalhunterwhosometimesofferswildlife­viewingtours,saidhe’sbeenofferingpolarbeartourssince2004.Mostofhisclients(客户)arefromChinaandEurope,aswellasfromthelower48U．S.states.Manytouristsstayseveraldaysinthevillage,whichhastwosmallhotels.Thevillagershavebenefitedalotfromthat.Inturn,theyprovidemoreeffectiveprotectionforpolarbearswithfinancialsupportfromtourismdevelopment.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。气候变暖导致海冰溶化，北极熊登陆，为阿拉斯加的一个小村庄带来了巨大的人气，促进了当地旅游业发展，当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊供应主动的爱护。1．WhatcausesmorepolarbearstostayonlandinKaktovik?A．Foodshortage.B．Climatechange.C．Habitats’movementtoshore.D．Theirpreferenceforland.B解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Thefarnorthcommunityliesinanareawhereincreasinglyhighertemperaturehasspedupthemovementofseaice,theprimaryhabitat(栖息地)ofpolarbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwaterbeyondthecontinentalshelf,morebearsareremainingonlandtolookforfood.”可知，全球变暖加速了海冰溶化，破坏了北极熊原本的栖息地，越来越多的北极熊待在陆地上以找寻食物。故选B。2．Howdidcommonpeoplefeelaboutmoresightofbearsonland?A．Excited. B．Puzzled.C．Concerned. D．Shocked.C解析：观点看法题。依据第三段的内容可知，随着越来越多的北极熊出现在陆地上，探讨人员、生物学家等也越来越多地关注北极熊所处的这一逆境，随后，更多游客前往Kaktovik。由此可推知，大众对更多北极熊登陆现象表示关注。故选C。3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．HotelsinKaktovikareindemandinautumn.B．Kaktovikhasabout50visitorsannually.C．Inglangasakmakesalivingasatourguide.D．Tourismaffectsthebalanceofnature.A解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“Mosttouristsvisitinthefall”及“Manytouristsstayseveraldaysinthevillage,whichhastwosmallhotels.”可知，大多数游客会选择在秋季去Kaktovik巡游，而且许多游客会在这个小村庄待上几天，而这个小村庄只有两个小旅馆，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅馆很抢手。故选A。4．Whichsayingcandescribethetext?A．Thefittestcansurvive.B．Afterastormcomesacalm.C．Thereisalwaysopportunityincrisis.D．Everycoinhastwosides.D解析：推理推断题。通读文章可知，因为全球气候变暖，北极熊被迫登陆来找寻食物以生存下去，这原来是北极熊的逆境，然而北极熊登陆却促进了一个小村庄旅游业的发展，这对小村庄来说是一个机遇，同时，村民又利用旅游业的收入为北极熊供应更多爱护。因此D项“事物都有两面性”符合语境。故选D。B(2024·浙江金丽衢十二校高三联考)TheBBChasmadeitssecondannualreportknownsinceitsnewcharterwasestablishedandthebroadcasterpaintsaratherbleak(暗淡的)pictureforitself.Ithighlightsthefactthatthemedialandscape(局面)haschangedquiterapidlyinrecentyearsandwillmostcertainlycontinuetodoso,anditsaysthattheindustryis“moreandmoredominatedbyasmallnumberofUS­basedmediagiantswithextraordinarycreativeandfinancialfirepower”.TheBBCadded，“Theirbusinessmodelsandhugebudgetsmeanweareincreasinglybeingsqueezedoutofanevermorecompetitiveenvironment.BritishcreativityandBritishcontentarenowunderrealthreat.”However,thebroadcasterisdeterminedtodoallitcantosurviveintheevermoredigitalTVworldincreasinglycontrolledbycompanieslikeNetflixandAmazon.Inthatregard,itlaidoutafewgoalsfortheyearthatareaimedatkeepingtheBBCcompetitive.OnefocuswillbeitsiPlayerplatform.ItnotesthatyoungeraudiencesaremorefrequentlychoosingNetflixovertheBBCandit’s,therefore,makingsomechangestoiPlayerthatwillhopefullymakeitadestinationitselfratherthanjustawaytocatchuponshowsviewershavemissed.TheBBChasalreadystartedtointroducepersonalizationintoitsiPlayercontentandgoingforward.Itwillworktostrengthentheuserexperience,boost(促进)personalizationandaddmorelivecontent.Butmostimportantly,theissuecomesdowntomoney.“Thecostofsportsbroadcastingrightshasskyrocketedwhile,overall,thecostofideasandtalenthasrisenfast.”Thebroadcasterconcludesthatithasshrunkwhilethemarkethascontinuedtogrow.“Inthiscontext,theBBC’surgentchallengeistodevelopnewwaystogrowourincomesothatwecankeeppacewiththemarketaroundus,aswellassuccessfullysafeguardBritishcontentandBritain’screativetrackrecord，”itsaid.【解题导语】本文是一篇争论文。文章介绍了英国广播公司正面临激烈的竞争，它不仅要实行措施使自己更加有竞争力，还要保持自己的特色。5．WhatsituationistheBBCin?A．Itfacesseverecompetition.B．Itsbusinessbudgetsarehuge.C．Itprovidesbleakpictures.D．Itscreativityhasbeenlost.A解析：推理推断题。依据文章第一段中的“theindustryis‘moreandmoredominatedbyasmallnumberofUS­basedmediagiantswithextraordinarycreativeandfinancialfirepower’”可知，BBC面临巨大的竞争压力。故选A。6．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“dominated”inparagraph1?A．Considered. B．Chosen.C．Controlled. D．Improved.C解析：词义揣测题。依据句意，这个行业“越来越多地被有着非凡的创建力和经济实力的以美国为基础的传媒大鳄所限制”。controlled“限制”符合句意，故选C。7．What’sthekeymeasuretheBBChastakentosurvive?A．Catchinguponprogrammes.B．ImprovingitsiPlayerplatform.C．SharingitsiPlayercontent.D．Reducingliveshows.B解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段中的“OnefocuswillbeitsiPlayerplatform.”和“TheBBChasalreadystartedtointroducepersonalizationintoitsiPlayercontentandgoingforward.Itwillworkto...”可知BBC为了生存有竞争力，一个目标就是改善iPlayer平台，且有详细的改善措施。故选B。8．WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphabouttheBBC?A．Ittriestodevelopwhilekeepingitsownstyle.B．Itintendstoraisethecostofbroadcastingrights.C．Itschallengeistosafeguardthemarketaround.D．Itsideasofcostandtalenthavechangedrapidly.A解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“Inthiscontext,theBBC’surgentchallengeistodevelopnewwaystogrowourincomesothatwecankeeppacewiththemarketaroundus，aswellassuccessfullysafeguardBritishcontentandBritain’screativetrackrecord”可知，BBC在保持自己风格的同时也在努力发展自己。故选A。[长难句分析]Inthatregard,itlaidoutafewgoalsfortheyearthatareaimedatkeepingtheBBCcompetitive.(其次段其次句)分析：本句是主从复合句。其次个that引导定语从句，修饰afewgoals。译文：在这方面，它为今年制定了一些目标，旨在保持英国广播公司的竞争力。推理推断题——推断隐含意义题(建议用时：25分钟)A(2024·绍兴诊断性考试)I’vebeenavolunteerintheMacmillan@GlasgowLibrariesprogrammeforjustoverayear.IgotinvolvedbecauseIwaslookingforsomethingtovolunteerforafterIretiredfromwork.IthoughtbeingaMacmillanCancerInformationandSupportVolunteermightbeagoodwaytodothatbyusingsomeoftheskillsIlearnedatwork.Atonetime,IfeltImadearealdifferencewhenaladycameintousetheservice.Shewasveryupset,butshewasnotthepersonwithcancer.Itwasherpartner.Shehadlotsofthingsonhermind.We,togetherwithacounselor,hadachatabouthertohelpdealwithalltheemotions(情感)shefelt.Weknewwecouldarrangesomething,sowediscussedwithherwhatcouldbedoneforherfamily.Shewasrelievedthatwecouldgetsomethingarrangedforherandlikedthefactthatwemanagedtogettheballrollingduringhervisit.Thegoodthingabouthavingtheservicesinthelibraryisthattheenvironmentisnon­clinicalandthereforemorerelaxingthanthehospitalordoctor’ssurgery.Theteaminthelibraryarenotmedicallytrained.Thatmeanswedonotusebigwordsormedicaltermsveryoften.It’sgreatthatthepeoplewhovolunteerallworkwelltogether,helpingeachothertogetaresolution(解决)forpeoplewhocomein.It’sgoodtohavetheteamattheotherendofthephonewheneverwegetsomethingunusual.Itisapleasuretobeabletohelpasavolunteer.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在本文中记叙了自己作为一名志愿者的经验。作者退休后，利用自己的技能去帮助那些须要帮助的人，并从中得到了欢乐。1．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A．Heisaretireddoctor.B．Heisvolunteeringinahospital.C．Heisacounselorincancer.D．Hehasfoughtagainstcancerbefore.A解析：推理推断题。依据第一段的内容可知，作者现在已经退休，而且有医学方面的技能；结合第三段的内容，可以推想出作者是一名退休医生。2．Whydidtheladyfeelupset?A．Becauseshewasaffectedbycancer.B．Becauseherhusbandsufferedfromcancer.C．Becauseshedidn’tknowhowtotreatcancer.D．Becauseshehadapoorrelationwithherhusband.B解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Shewasveryupset,butshewasnotthepersonwithcancer.Itwasherpartner.”和“wediscussedwithherwhatcouldbedoneforherfamily”可知，这位女士的丈夫得了癌症。留意：此处的“partner”表示“配偶”。3．Whatdoweknowaboutthevolunteers?A．Theydowellinteamwork.B．Theyreceivemedicaltraining.C．Theyallusedtobehelped.D．Theyoftenmeetunusualthings.A解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段的首句“It’sgreatthatthepeoplewhovolunteerallworkwelltogether,helpingeachothertogetaresolution(解决)forpeoplewhocomein.”可知，全部的志愿者都能很好地共同工作，彼此帮助，为来求助的人供应好的解决方案。由此推知，他们具有很强的团队意识，擅长团队合作。4．Whydoestheauthorwritethistext?A．Tocallonreaderstodovoluntarywork.B．Toshowushowtohelpthoseintrouble.C．Tosharehisexperiencesasavolunteer.D．Toteachushowtotakecareofcancerpatients.C解析：写作意图题。综合全文内容可知，本文主要讲解并描述的是作者的志愿者经验。因此，作者写作的目的也就是要共享他作为志愿者的经验。BAwomangraspedherphonetoherheartthewayaministermightholdaBible.Shewasanxioustotakeapictureofabunchofflowersthatsatnot10feetaway,butfirstshehadtogetthroughacrowdofotherspushingtodothesame.ThecauseofthiswasBouquetstoArt,oneofthemostpopularannualeventsatthedeYoungMuseuminSanFrancisco.Forthe34thyear,artistswereaskedtocreateflowerbunchesthatrespondtopiecesofartondisplay,fromancientcarvingstocontemporarysculptures.It’stimetotakeaphototopostonInstagram,buttothepointthatithasbecomeaproblem.Inrecentyears,thedeYoungreceivedmorethanathousandcomplaintsfrompeoplewhofeltthatcellphoneshadruinedtheirexperience.Infact,institutionsoffineartaroundtheworldfacesimilarproblemsasthedesiretotakephotographsbecomesahugedrawformuseumsaswellassomethingthatupsetssomeoftheirvisitors.SothedeYoungrespondedwithakindofcompromise:carvingout“photofree”hoursduringtheexhibition’ssix­dayrun.Onecommoncomplaintintheongoingdebatesovertheeffectofsocialmediaonmuseumcultureisthatpeopleseemtobemissingoutonexperiencesbecausetheyaresobusycollectingevidenceofthem.ArecentstudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencesuggeststhereissometruthtothis;itfoundthatpeoplewhotookphotosofanexhibitratherthansimplyobservingithadahardertimerememberingwhattheysaw.Buttheissueiscomplicatedfortheprofessionalsrunningmuseums.LindaButler,thedeYoung’sheadofmarketing,communicationsandvisitorexperience,acknowledgesthatnoteveryonewantsamuseumtobe“aphoto­takingplayland”.Yetalotofotherpeopledo,andshethinksthatthedeYoungisinnopositiontojudgethatonemotivationforbuyinga$28ticketismorevalidthananother.“Ifweremovedsocialmediaandphotography，”shesays,“wewouldriskbecominglesspopular.”Ifthisisabattle,signsindicatethatthepro­phonecrowd(亲自机人群)hasalreadywon.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍deYoung博物馆收到了许多关于在展馆内拍照的投诉，对此博物馆管理方作出回应，最终实行了一个折中的方法，即在展期内抽出“自由拍照”时间。5．Whatwerethecrowdeagertodoinparagraph1?A．ToholdaBible.B．Toadmireflowers.C．Totakeaphoto.D．Toseetheexhibition.C解析：推理推断题。依据第一段其次句“Shewasanxioustotakeapictureofabunchofflowersthatsatnot10feetaway,butfirstshehadtogetthroughacrowdofotherspushingtodothesame.”可推知，人们都在忙于拍照。故正确答案为C。6．HowdidthedeYoungrespondtothecomplaints?A．Bysettingperiodswithoutphoto­taking.B．Bymakingtheexhibitionfreeofcharge.C．Bycompromisingwithotherinstitutions.D．Bygivingextratimetotakephotosfreely.A解析：推理推断题。依据其次段最终一句“SothedeYoungrespondedwithakindofcompromise:carvingout‘photofree’hoursduringtheexhibition’ssix­dayrun.”可知，管理方规定在特定时间内不许拍照。故正确答案为A。7．Whatcanweinferabouttheuseofsocialmediainmuseumsaccordingtotherecentstudy?A．Ituncoversthetruth.B．Itaccumulatesevidence.C．Itcausescomplaints.D．Itplaysanegativerole.D解析：推理推断题。依据第三段第一句“Onecommoncomplaintintheongoingdebatesovertheeffectofsocialmediaonmuseumcultureisthatpeopleseemtobemissingoutonexperiencesbecausetheyaresobusycollectingevidenceofthem.”及语境可推知，最近探讨表明，在博物馆中运用社交媒介起到了负面作用。故正确答案为D。8．WhichofthefollowingmayLindaButlersupport?A．Cateringtovisitors.B．Reducingadmissionprices.C．Reservingjudgementinpublic.D．Banningsocialmediaandphotography.A解析：推理推断题。依据第三段倒数其次句“‘Ifweremovedsocialmediaandphotography，’shesays,‘wewouldriskbecominglesspopular.’”可推知，LindaButler支持迎合游客的做法。故正确答案为A。[长难句分析]Onecommoncomplaintintheongoingdebatesovertheeffectofsocialmediaonmuseumcultureisthatpeopleseemtobemissingoutonexperiencesbecausetheyaresobusycollectingevidenceofthem.(第三段第一句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导表语从句；because引导缘由状语从句。译文：在关于社交媒介对博物馆文化产生的影响的持续争辩中，一个普遍的埋怨是人们好像忽视了这种艺术体验，因为他们忙于收集(他们来过的)证据。CTechnologyoffersconveniencessuchasopeningthegaragedoorfromyourcarorchangingthetelevisionstationwithouttouchingtheTV.NowoneAmericancompanyisofferingitsemployeesanewconvenience:amicrochipimplantedintheirhands.Employeeswhohavethesechipscandoallkindsofthingsjustbywavingtheirhands.ThreeSquareMarketisofferingtoimplantmicrochipsinalloftheiremployeesforfree.Eachchipcosts$300andThreeSquareMarketwillpayforthechip.Employeescanvolunteertohavethechipsimplantedintheirhands.About70outof80employeeshavechosentodoso.Thepresidentofthecompany,hiswifeandtheirchildrenarealsogettingchipsimplantedintheirhands.Thechipisaboutthesizeofagrainofrice.Implantingthechiponlytakesaboutasecondandissaidtohurtonlyverybriefly.Thechipsgoundertheskinbetweenthethumbandforefinger.Withachipinthehand,apersoncanentertheofficebuilding,buyfood,signintocomputersandmore,simplybywavingthathandnearascanner.Thechipswillbealsousedtoidentifyemployees.E