GMAT（VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷1（共244题）

GMAT（VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷1

（共9套）

（共244题）

GMAT（VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷第1

套

一、阅读（本题共25题，每题7.0分，共25分。）

Caffeine,Ilicslimuiaiilinuuffee,hasbeencalled"themustwidelyusedpsyuhuaulivc

substanceonEarth."Syn-der,DalyandBrunshaverecentlypro-posedthatcaffeine

affectsbehaviorbycounteringtheactivityinthehumanbrainofanaturallyoccurring

chemicalcalledadenosine.Adenosinenormallydepressesneuronfiringinmanyareasof

thebrain.Itapparentlydoesthisbyinhibitingthereleaseofneurotransmitters,chemicals

thatcarrynerveimpulsesfromoneneurontothenext.Likemanyotheragentsthataffect

neuronfiring,adenosinemustfirstbindtospecificreceptorsonneuronalmembranes.

Thereareatleasttwoclassesofthesereceptors,whichhavebeendesignatedAlandA2.

Snyderetalproposethatcaffeine,whichisstructurallysimilartoadenosine,isableto

bindtobothtypesofreceptors,whichpreventsadenosinefromattachingthereandallows

theneuronstofiremorereadilythantheyoth-erwisewould.Formanyyears,caffeine's

effectshavebeenattributedtoitsinhibitionoftheproductionofphosphodiesterase,an

enzymethatbreaksdownthechemicalcalledcyclicAMP.Anumberof

neurotransmittersexerttheireffectsbyfirstincreasingcyclicAMPconcentrationsin

targetneurons.Therefore,prolongedperiodsattheelevatedconcentrations,asmightbe

broughtaboutbyaphosphodiesteraseinhibitor,couldleadtoagreateramountofneuron

firingand,consequently,tobehavioralstimulation.ButSnyderetalpointoutthatthe

caf-feineconcentrationsneededtoinhibittheproductionofphosphodiesteraseinthe

brainaremuchhigherthanthosethatproducestimulation.Moreover,othercompounds

thatblockphosphodi-esterase'sactivityarenotstimulants.Tobuttresstheircasethat

caffeineactsinsteadbypreventingadenosinebinding,Snyderetalcomparedthe

stimulatoryeffectsofaseriesofcaffeinederivativeswiththeirabilitytodislodge

adenosinefromitsreceptorsinthebrainsofmice."Ingeneral,"theyreported,"theability

ofthecompoundstocompetealthereceptorscorrelateswiththeirabilitytostimulate

locomotioninthemouse;i.e.,thehighertheircapacitytobindatthereceptors,the

highertheirabilitytostimulatelocomotion.*'Theophylline,aclosestructuralrelativeof

caffeineandthemajorstimulantintea,wasoneofthemosteffectivecompoundsinboth

regards.Thereweresomeapparentexceptionstothegeneralcorrelationobserved

betweenadenosine-receptorbindingandstimulation.Oneofthesewasacompound

called3-isobutyl-l-methylxan-thine(IBMX),whichboundverywellbutactually

depressedmouselocomo-lion.Snyderetalsuggestthatthisisnotamajorstumbling

blocktotheirhypothesis.Theproblemisthatthecompoundhasmixedeffectsinthe

brain,anotunusualoccurrencewithpsychoac-tivedrugs.Evencaffeine,whichis

generallyknownonlyforitsstimulatoryeffects,displaysthisproperty,depressingmouse

locomotionatverylowconcentrationsandstimulatingitathigherones.

1、Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

A、discussaplanforinvestigationofaphenomenonthatisnotyetfullyunderstood.

B、presenttwoexplanationsofaphenomenonandreconcilethedifferencesbetween

them.

C、summarizetwotheoriesandsuggestathirdtheorythatovercomestheproblems

encounteredinthefirsttwo.

D^describeanalternativehypothesisandprovideevidenceandargumentsthatsupport

it.

E、challengethevalidityofatheorybyexposingtheinconsistenciesandcontradictions

init.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主题题型：A.讨论一个考察现在还未被完全理解的现象的计划，

无。B.给出对一现象的两种解释，并调和两者差异。文中没有调和内容。Snyder

等人的看法和以前的看法自始至终是对立的。C.给出两种理论的总结，然后遇出

能解决前两个理论所遇到的问题的第三种理论。文中无第三种理论。D.正确,描

述一个替代的设想并给出证据和论证过程。Snyder等人的理论就是他们代替不正

确的长久以来看法的替弋理论，作者提到了证据，并给出了Snyder等人论证老理

论为非，以及一个例外并不能影响其理论有效性的过程。E.挑战一个理论有效

性，指出其内部矛盾。Snyder等人在论证老理论为非时，并没有指出其内部的矛

盾。

2、Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakenthetheoryproposedbySnyderet

al?

A、Atverylowconcentrationsinthehumanbrain,bothcaffeineandtheophyllinetend

tohavedepressiveratherthanstimulatoryeffectsonhumanbehavior.

B、Theabilityofcaffeinederivativesatverylowconcentrationstodislodgeadenosine

fromitsreceptorsinmousebrainscorrelateswellwiththeirabilitytostimulatemouse

locomotionattheselowconcentrations.

C、TheconcentrationofcyclicAMPintargetneuronsinthehumanbrainthatleadsto

increasedneuronfiringcanbeproducedbyseveraldifferentphosphodiesteraseinhibitors

inadditiontocaffeine.

D^Theconcentrationofcaffeinerequiredtodislodgeadenosinefromitsreceptorsinthe

humanbrainismuchgreaterthantheconcentrationthatproducesbehavioralstimulation

inhumans.

E、TheconcentrationofIBMXrequiredtodislodgeadenosinefromitsreceptorsin

mousebrainsismuchsmallerthantheconcentrationthatstimulateslocomotioninthe

mouse.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：哪个观点成立的话，会削弱Snyder等人的理论?有逻辑意味的题，他

们的理论是：咖啡因通过抑制腺背而引起兴奋，应该从此处进行反驳。A.在低含

量时，咖啡因和ph都对人行为有抑制而不是兴奋作用。ph有无此作用，原文未

提，咖啡因有，在第四段。但这样不能削弱Snyder等人的观点，Snyder对此做了

解释。B.咖啡因衍生物在低含量时，去除附着在感受器上的腺首的能力和激发老

鼠的运动的能力一致。这是符合第二段Snyder等人论证自己的观点时所做实验结

果的。C.AMP的含量升高除了咖啡因还和其他抑制ph的物质有关。这是老观点

的内容，和Snyder等人观点无关。D.正确。咖啡因要想达到抑制腺营的浓度要

比它引起兴奋的浓度高得多。这就割断了抑制腺昔和引起兴奋的联系，有趣的是，

原文Snyder也是用同样的方法来反驳老观点L39-43,可谓“以其人之道还治其人

之身”。E.IBMX移去感受器上腺首所需剂量要比刺激老鼠运动的剂量小得多。这

个事实说明造成兴奋很有可能是抑制腺昔引起的，和题干要求相反。

3、AccordingtoSnyderelal,caffeinediffersfromadenosineinthatcaffeine

A、stimulatesbehaviorinthemouseandinhumans,whereasadenosinestimulates

behaviorinhumansonly.

B、hasmixedeffectsinthebrain,whereasadenosinehasonlyastimulatoryeffect.

C^increasescyclicAMPconcentrationsintargetneurons,whereasadenosinedecreases

suchconcentrations.

D、permitsreleaseofneurotransmitterswhenitisboundtoadenosinereceptors,whereas

adenosineinhibitssuchrelease.

E、inhibitsbothneuronfiringandtheproductionofphosphodiesterasewhenthereisa

sufficientconcentrationinthebrain,whereasadenosineinhibitsonlyneuronfiring.

标准答案：D「

知识点解析：Snyder等人认为，咖啡因和腺甘的区别在十：A.咖啡因使人鼠共同

兴奋，腺昔只能使人兴有。显然无。B.咖啡因在神经中有多种作用，腺昔只有兴

奋作用。前半句对，后半句说反了，腺甘抑制神经兴奋。C.咖啡因增加神经元中

AMP含量，腺甘减少这种含量。腺昔根本和AMP无关。D.正确。当咖啡因附着

在腺昔的受体上时，会促成神经元传导物质的释放，而腺首抑制此种作用。见原文

L19-25,咖啡因附着服许受体上阻止腺甘附着。因此它肯定会促进神经元传导物

质的释放。

4、InresponsetoexperimentalresultsconcerningIBMX,Snyderetalcontendedthatit

isnotuncommonforpsychoactivedrugstohave

A、mixedeffectsinthebrain.

B、inhibitoryeffectsonenzymesinthebrain.

C、closestructuralrelationshipswithcaffeine.

D、depressiveeffectsonmouselocomotion.

E、theabilitytodislodgecaffeinefromreceptorsinthebrain.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：对于IBMX说出的（异常的）实验结果，Synder等人指出精神兴奋药具

有以下哪种特点并不稀奇?A.正确。在脑神经中的混合作用。见原文L72—75。

B.对脑神经中酶的抑制作用。未提。C.和咖啡因结构相似。未提。D.对老鼠

抑制运动。仅说IBMX有此特点，不能推而广之至一般兴奋药。E.将咖啡因从脑

神经受体上移去。无。

5、ThepassagesuggeststhatSnyderetalbelievethatiftheoldertheoryconcerning

caffeine^effectswerecorrect,whichofthefollowingwouldhavetobethecase?I.All

neurotransmitterswouldincreasetheshort-termconcentrationofcyclicAMPintarget

neurons.II.Substancesotherthancaffeinethatinhibittheproductionof

phosphodiesterasewouldbestimulants.Ill.Allconcentrationlevelsofcaffeinethatarc

highenoughtoproducestimulationwouldalsoinhibittheproductionof

phosphodiesterase.

A^Ionly

B、IandIIonly

C、IandIIIonly

D^IIandIIIonly

E、I,IIandIII

标准答案：D

知识点解析：如果老理论正确，下面哪种情况会发生?Snyder等人在文中第二段

L39T5为论证老理论为非提到两条证据，如果老理论是对的，这两条证据就不可

能成立。I.所有神经元传导物质将升高神经元中AMP的短期含量。所有（疝），在

文中无法找到，L30anumberofo口.正确。除咖啡因以外，能抑制ph产生的，

也应是兴奋剂。DI.正确。所有能达到兴奋剂量的咖啡因也应同时能抑制ph的产

生。.2口和m

6、AccordingloSnyderclal,allof（hufulluwing（joinpuuiidscanbindlospeuifiu

receptorsinthebrainEXCEPT

A、IBMX.

B、caffeine.

C、adenosine.

D、theophylline.

E、phosphodiesterase.

标准答案：E

知识点解析：以Snyder等人的观点，下面哪一项不能附着在脑神经特殊受体上?按

原文L19—22,咖啡因和腺昔可以附着。，B、C去掉而AIBMX,Dtheophylline都

是咖口非因的衍生物。，只有E,ph不能附着。

7、Snyderetalsuggestthatcaffbine'sabilitytobindtoAlandA2receptorscanbeat

leastpartiallyattributedtowhichofthefollowing?

A^Thechemicalrelationshipbetweencaffeineandphosphodiesterase.

B>Thestructuralrelationshipbetweencaffeineandadenosine.

C、Thestructuralsimilaritybetweencaffeineandneurotransmitters.

D^Theabilityofcaffeinetostimulatebehavior.

E、Thenaturaloccurrenceofcaffeineandadenosineinthebrain.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：咖啡因能附着在Al、A2两个受体之上至少可以部分地归因于：

A.提到ph,是老观点内容，必错，和Al、A2根本无关。B.正确。咖啡因和腺

昔之间结构上的相似性。见原文L19—22。C.咖啡因和神经元传导物质结构上的

相似性。本文无。D.咖啡因的兴奋作用。因果倒置，是咖啡因附着在受体上的能

力导致其兴奋作用。E.naiuraloccurrence文中只提到腺首是这样(L7—8),咖啡因

没有提到。

8、TheauthorquotesSnyderctalinlines52-59mostprobablyinorderto

A、revealsomeoftheassumptionsunderlyingtheirtheory.

B、summarizeamajorfindingoftheirexperiments.

C、pointoutthattheirexperimentswerelimitedtothemouse.

D、indicatethattheirexperimentsresultedonlyingeneralcorrelations.

E、refutetheobjectionsmadebysupportersoftheoldertheory.

标准答案:B

知识点解析：作者在L52—59引用Snyder等人的话是为了：A.揭示其理论暗含

的假设。无。B.正确。总结其实验的重要结果。文章此处正是说明这些人检验咖

啡因衍生物附着在受体上的能力和其引起兴奋能力的关系。C.指出其实验只适用

于老鼠。无。D.指出其实验只是大致关系结果。无。E.驳斥旧理论支持人的反

对。此处是他们自己陈述，不是在反驳别人。

9、Thelastparagraphofthepassageperformswhichofthefollowingfunctions?

A、Describesadisconfirmingexperimentalresultandreportstheexplanationgivenby

Snyderetalinanattempttoreconcilethisresultwiththeirtheory.

B、SpecifiesthebasisforthecorrelationobservedbySnyderctalandpresentsan

explanationinanattempttomakethecorrelationconsistentwiththeoperationof

psychoactivedrugsotherthancaffeine.

C、ElaboratesthedescriptionofthecorrelationobservedbySnyderetalandsuggestsan

additionalexplanationinanattempttomakethecorrelationconsistentwiththeolder

theory.

D、ReportsinconsistentexperimentaldataanddescribesthemethodSnyderetalwill

usetoreanalyzethisdata.

E、ProvidesanexampleofthehypothesisproposedbySnyderetalandrelatesthis

exampletocaffbine'sproperties.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：最后一段起什么作用：A.正确。描述了一个不支持（其观点的）实验

结果，并且给出了Snyder等人试图使这个结果和其观点相一致所做的解释。IBMX

的结果是一个例外，Syndcr等人将这种现象解释为在精神兴奋药中，混合现象是

常出现的。B.“咖啡因之外的精神兴奋药”。未提。C.“使这种观点和老理论一

致未提。D.没有“reanalyzethisdata”。E.给出Snyder等人假设的一例子。此

段IBMX例子和Snyder等人设想的主要内容是不相符的。

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.

Onlypaltrysumsarcavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingthe

resultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpriceless

objectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuse­

um-qualitypiecesbeingsoldlothehighestbidder.Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageous

suggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamount

ofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsand

governmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswould

providesubstan-tialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesand

thepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavator'sgrip

onthemarket,therebyde-creasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.You

mightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,

ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforall

toappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartistic

meritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreply,everythingthatcomesoutoftheground

hasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectin

claimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificval-ue.Practically,youarewrong.1

refertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicates

ofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeolo-gistsrecentlyuncovered

2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyal

sealimpressionsknownas1'melekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance-morethan

4,000examplessofar.Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostore

theartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeven

tocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessible

asiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifacts

couldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Prior

tosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedon

thecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshould

becomeneededforscientificpurposes.Itwouldbeunrealistictosuggestthatillegal

diggingwouldstopifarti-factsweresoldontheopenmarket.Butthedemandforthe

clandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.Whowouldwantanunmarkedpot

whenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown,andthatwasdatedstrati-

graphicallybytheprofessionalarchaeologistwhoexcavatedit?

10^Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose

A、analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts.

B、awaytocurbillegaldiggingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession.

C^awaytodistinguishartifactswithscientificvaluefromthose(hathavenosuchvalue.

D、thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites.

E、anewsystemforcataloguingduplicateartifacts.

标准答案：B」「

知识点解析：主题题型：A.博物馆展出文物的替代方式。无。B.正确。阻止非

法发掘并且对考古事业有益的方法。文章第一段就指出，现在考古界有两个问题，

一为钱少，二为有非法开掘，作者后面的论述就是针对这两个问题给出解决的方

案。C.区分有无科学价值的文物的方法。文章第四段顺带提了一下这个问题，但

不是全文的重要内容。D.对考古地点的政府控制°无。E.给复制品文物分类的

方法。无。

11、Theauthorimpliesthatallofthefollowingstatementsaboutduplicateartifactsare

trueEXCEPT:

A^Amarketforsuchanifactsalreadyexists.

B、Suchartifactsseldomhavescientificvalue.

C、Thereislikelytobeacontinuingsupplyofsuchartifacts.

D^Museumsarewellsuppliedwithexamplesofsuchartifacts.

E、Suchartifactsfrequentlyexceedinqualitythosealreadycataloguedinmuseum

collections.

标准答案：E

知识点解析：以下关于文物复制品的观点，作者哪个不会同意?A.这些艺术品的

市场已经存在了。第一段就指出，非法开掘者出售它们。B.这些文物很少有科学

价值°L33—36作者给出的解决办法就是出售无科学价值的文物，而文物复制品是

他所给的具体方案。C.会有继续发现的可能。L51-54,博物馆将来可能会装不

下那么多属于此类的继续发现的文物。D.博物馆已有大量的此种文物。从第五段

的情况可以推出。E.正确。这些文物的质量常能超出博物馆所藏的已分门别类的

文物。作者之所以同意出售它们，就是因为其质量不高，不值得件件保存。

12、Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoring

artifactsinmuseumbasements?

A、Museumofficialsrarelyallowscholarsaccesstosuchartifacts.

B、Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupfbrstorage.

C、Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

D、Suchartifactsareoftendamagdedbyvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.

E、Suchartifacts,oftenremainuncata-loguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyare

putinstorage.

标准答案：E

知识之解析：哪一点是文中所提的在博物馆储存文物的弊端?A.官员不许学者接

近这些文物。无。B.本来可以用作展出的地方，被用来储存。无。C.一次发掘

出的文物常分开。无。D.文物经常被湿度、温度变化损坏。无。E.正确。这些

文物常常不被分门归类，而且入臧之后，常就找不到了。原文L54—58。

13、TheauthormentionstheexcavationinCyprus(lines43-50)toemphasizewhichof

thefollowingpoints?

A^Ancientlampsandpotteryvesselsarelessvaluable,althoughmorerare,thanroyal

sealimpressions.

B>Artifactsthatareverysimilartoeachotherpresentcataloguingdifficultiesto

archaeologists.

C^Artifactsthatarenotuniquelyvaluable,andthereforecouldbesold,areavailablein

largequantities.

D、Cyprusisthemostimportantlocationforunearthinglargequantitiesofsalable

artifacts.

E^Illegalsalesofduplicateartifactsarewidespread,particularlyontheislandof

Cyprus.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：作者在L43—50提到塞浦路斯的一次发掘是为了：A.lamps,

vessels和sea】在原文都是同一，性质的例证。B.cataloguingdifficulties在这一段没

有提到。C.正确。没有独特价值可被出售的文物，数量很多。作者举这个发丸的

例子就是为了说明成千上万个复制出的文物，艺术和科学价值不是很丰富。

D.mostimportantlocation在原文没有。E.非法出售文物复制品的行为很猖獗，

尤其是在塞浦路斯。无。

14、Theauthor,sargumentconcerningtheeffectoftheofficialsaleofduplicate

artifactsonillegalexcavationisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

A、Prospectivepurchaserswouldprefertobuyauthenticatedartifacts.

B、Thepriceofillegallyexcavatedartifactswouldrise.

C、Computerscouldbeusedtotracesoldartifacts.

D、Illegalexcavatorswouldbeforcedtosellonlyduplicateartifacts.

E、Moneygainedfromsellingauthenticatedartifactscouldbeusedtoinvestigateand

prosecuteillegalexcavators.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：作者在出售文物复制品对非法发掘造成的影响的论证中做了哪一假

设?assumption类型逻辑题。作者推论，有标有明碓年代的合法文物出售，人们对

无标志产品需求将减少。A.正确。买主都更喜欢买真文物。正是指出了这一推理

中的潜在假设。B.非法开掘的文物会涨价。无。C.计算机跟踪已售出文物。这

是作者肯定的事实。D.非法盗掘者将被迫出售复制文物。无。E.卖真文物的钱

可被用来调查，检举非法开掘。无。

15、Theauthoranticipateswhichofthelollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhis

proposal?

A、Museumofficialswillbecomeunwillingtostoreartifacts.

BNAnoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.

C、Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivate

collectors.

D、Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

E、Counterfeitingofartifactswillbecomemorecommonplace.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：作者预期反对他的人会提出哪条意见?A.博物馆官员将会不愿储存

文物。无。B.作者没有提到“供过于求”问题。C.正确。那些本有可能向公众展

出的文物会卖给私人收藏者。D.非法开掘将能提供更多货源。无。E.未提“伪造

艺术品问题

16、Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwouldoccurifduplicateartifacts

weresoldontheopenmarket?I.Illegalexcavationwouldeventuallyceasecompletely.

ILCypruswouldbecometheprimarysourceofmarketableduplicateartifacts.III.

Archaeologistswouldbeabletopublishtheresultsoftheirexcavationsmorefrequently

thantheycurrentlydo.

A、Ionly

R、IIIonly

C>IandIIonly

D、IIandIIIonly

E、I,IIandIII

标准答案：B

知识点解析•：如果文物公开出售，会有哪种情况发生?公开出售文物，是本文作者

给考古学面临的难题开出的药方，当然作者是认为此看法能使第一段所说的难题迎

刃而解了。另外，在L19—26也对它的作用给出了明确表述。I.非法开掘将最终

停止。作者在L68—70说，指望能让非法开掘停止是不切实际的。H.primary

source原文推不出。HI.正确。考古学将比以前更有可能多出版一些他们的成果

了。J.B.IHonlyo

Federaleffortstoaidminoritybusinessesbeganinthe1960swhentheSmallBusiness

Administration(SBA)beganmakingfederallyguaranteedloansandgovernment-

sponsoredmanagementandtechnicalassistanceavailabletominoritybusiness

enterprises.Whilethisprogramenabledmanyminorityentrepreneurstoformnew

businesses,theresultsweredisappointing,sincemanagerialinexperience,unfavorable

locations,andcapitalshortagesledtohighfailurerates.Even15yearsaftertheprogram

wasimplemented,minoritybusinessreceiptswerenotquiteIwopercentofthenational

economy'stotalreceipts.Recentlyfederalpolicymakershaveadoptedanapproach

intendedtoacceler-atedevelopmentoftheminoritybusinesssectorbymovingaway

fromdirectlyaidingsmallminorityenterprisesandtowardsupportinglarger,growth-

orientedminorityfirmsthroughintermediarycompanies.Inthisapproach,large

corporationsparticipateinthedevelopmentofsuccessfulandstableminoritybusinesses

bymakinguseofgovernment-sponsoredventurecapital.Thecapitalisusedbya

participatingcompanytoestablishaMinorityEnterpriseSmallBusinessInvestment

CompanyorMESBIC.TheMESBICthenprovidescapitalandguidancetominority

businessesthathavepotentialtobecomefuturesuppliersorcustomersofthesponsoring

company.MESBIC'saretheresultofthebeliefthatprovidingestablishedfirmswith

easieraccesstorelevantmanagementtechniquesandmorejob-specificexperience,as

wellassubslanlialainuuiilsufcapital,giveslliuscfirmsagreaterupporlunilylodevelop

soundbusinessfoundationsthandoessimplymakinggeneralmanagementexperience

andsmallamountsofcapitalavailable.Further,sincepotentialmarketsfortheminority

businessesalreadyexistthroughthesponsoringcompanies,theminoritybusinessesface

considerablylessriskintermsoflocationandmarketfluctuation.Followingearly

financialandoperatingproblems,sponsoringcorporationsbegantocapitalizeMESBIC's

farabovethelegalminimumof$500,000inordertogeneratesufficientincomeandto

sustainthequalityofmanagementneeded.MESBIC'sarcnowemergingasin-crcasingly

importantfinancingsourcesforminorityenterprises.Ironically,MESBICstaffs,which

usuallyconsistofHispanicandBlackprofessionals,tendtoapproachinvest-meritsin

minorityfirmsmorepragmaticallythandomanyMESBICdirectors,whoareusually

seniormanagersfromsponsoringcorporations.Thelatteroftenstillthinkmainlyinterms

ofthe"socialresponsibilityapproach"andthusseemtopreferdealsthatareriskierand

lessattractivethannormalinvestmentcriteriawouldwarrant.Suchdifferencesin

viewpointhaveproduceduneasinessamongmanyminoritystaffmembers,whofeelthat

minorityentrepreneursandbusinessesshouldbejudgedbyestablishedbusiness

considerations.Thesestaffmembersbelievetheirpointofviewisclosertotheoriginal

philosophyofMESBIC'sandtheyareconcernedthat,unlessamoreprudentcourseis

followed,MESBICdirectorsmayreverttopolicieslikelytorecreatethedisap-pointing

resultsoftheoriginalSBAapproach.

17、Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

A、TheuseofMESBIC'sforaidingminorityentrepreneursseemstohavegreater

potentialforsuccessthandoestheoriginalSBAapproach.

B、Thereisacrucialdifferenceinpointofviewbetweenthestaffanddirectorsofsome

MESBIC's.

C、Afterinitialproblemswithmanagementandmarketing,minoritybusinesseshave

beguntoexpandatasteadyrate.

D^Minorityentrepreneurswishingtoformnewbusinessesnowhaveseveralequally

successfulfederalprogramsonwhichtorely.

E、Forthefirstlimesince1960,largecorporationsaremakingsignificantcontributions

tothedevelopmentofminoritybusinesses.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本文中心思想（主题题型）：A.正确。MESBIC用来资助少数民族企

业似乎比原来的SBA更有成功可能。符合原文。总体态度：先给出SBA失败结

果，再详细叙述MESBIC的运作，最后指出，MESBIC是有前途的。L33—37,

C.错在“expandalasteadyrate”，文中并未指出现在少数民族企业的状态。D.错

ffi^severalequallysuccessfillfederalprograms'*,文中无。E."firsttime”不正确。文

中并未指出这是第一次出现大企业为少数民族企业的发展做出贡献。

18、Accordingtothepassage,theMESBICapproachdiffersfromtheSBAapproachin

thatMESBIC's

A、seekfederalcontractstoprovidemarketsforminoritybusinesses.

B、encourageminoritybusinessestoprovidemarketsforotherminoritybusinesses.

C、attempttomaintainaspecifiedrateofgrowthintheminoritybusinesssector.

D、relyontheparticipationoflargecorporationstofinanceminoritybusinesses.

E、selectminoritybusinessesonthebasisoftheirlocation.

标准答案：D-

知识点解析：MESBIC计划哪点和SBA计划不同?A.用联邦合同为少数民族企业

提供市场。无。B.鼓励一些少数民族企业为另一些少数民族企业提供市场。无。

C.试图保持少数民族企业增长的速度。无。D.正确。依靠大公司的参与为少数

民族企业提供资金。见原文L25—33。而SBA的叙述中不见类似内容叙述。E.基

于地理位置挑选少数民族企业。无。

19>Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorcitetosupporttheconclusionthattheresults

oftheSBAprogramweredisappointing?

A、Thesmallnumberofnewminorityenterprisesformedasaresultoftheprogram.

B、Thesmallnumberofminorityenterprisesthattookadvantageofthemanagementand

technicalassistanceofferedundertheprogram.

C、Thesmallpercentageofthenation'sbusinessreceiptsearnedbyminorityenterprises

followingtheprograms,implementation.

D^Thesmallpercentageofrecipientminorityenterprisesthatwereabletorepay

federallyguaranteedloansmadeundertheprogram.

E、Thesmallnumberofminorityenterprisesthatchosetoparticipateintheprogram.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：哪一个被作者引用，用来说明SBA计划是令人失望的?A.由此计划

而建立的少数民族企业很少。无。B.从此计划中受到管理和技术上帮助的少数民

族企业很少。无。C.此计划实行后，少数民族企业的收入占国民收入的份额很

小。正确。见原文L13—17,原文就是用这个比例数字来论证SBA计划结果使人

失望。D.此计划中只有很少一部分少数民族企业能归还联邦贷款。原文无。

E.参加此计划的少数民族企业很少。原文无。

20、WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheSBAprogramcanbeinferredfromthe

passage?

A、Themaximumtermforloansmadetorecipientbusinesseswas15years.

B、Businessloanswereconsideredtobemoreusefultorecipientbusinessesthanwas

managementandtechnicalassistance.

C、Theanticipatedfailurerateforrecipientbusinesseswassignificantlylowerthanthe

ratethatactuallyresulted.

D^Recipientbusinesseswereencouragedtorelocatetoareasmorefavorablefor

businessdevelopment.

E、Thecapitalizationneedsofrecipientbusinesseswereassessedandthenprovidedfor

adequately.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：关于SBA计戈U,可从文中推出：A.贷款给企业最高期限是15年。

15年只是作者论述SBA效果令人失望的所举出的一个年限。B.对于接受此计划

的企业来说，商业贷款比管理和技术上资助要有效。无此种比较。C.正确。预期

的失败比率要明显比现在低。文中L9—13指出，SBA计划令人失望，因为失败

比率特别高。取非得：原来设想应没有现在高。D.没有提到“relocateto

areas.E.先评估接受资助企业的需求量再提供合适的量。原文无此过程

描述。

21、Basedoninformationinthepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldbeindicativeof

thepragmatismofMESBICstaffmembers?I.Areluctancetoinvestinminority

businessesthatshowmarginalexpectationsofreturnontheinvestments.II.Adesireto

investinminoritybusinessesthatproducegoodsandserviceslikelytobeofusetothe

sponsoringcompany.III.Abeliefthattheminoritybusinesssectorisbestservedby

investingprimarilyinnewlyestablishedbusinesses.

A、Ionly

B>IIIonly

C、IandIIonly

D、IIandIIIonly

E、I,IIandIII

标准答案:C

知