江苏专版2025版高考英语考前保分训练专题3阅读理解第3节议论文练习牛津译林版

PAGEPAGE1第3节争论文题组训练一1话题：一分钱硬币是否取消难度：★★建议用时：7分钟Canadastoppedmakingpenniesin2012，andwithgoodreason.Coiningpenniesisamoney-losingbusiness，andpeopledon’treallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates.Itcosts$1.43toproduce100pennies.Lastyear，makingpenniescosttaxpayersalmost$39million.Andforwhat？Thefederalgovernmentmakesanddistributescoinstobenefitcommerce，butnotmuchcanbeboughtforlessthanfivecents.Thankstothemagicofinflation，whatcostapennyin1950requiresadimetoday.Ineffect，removingthepennymeansallretail(零售)priceswouldendinzeroorfive.Somepriceswouldrisebyafewpennies；somewouldberoundeddown.Pricesthatendin99centsarecommon，andpennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.ButRobertWhaples，aneconomistatWakeForestUniversity，actuallyexaminedthisclaimbylookingatpricingdatafromachainofconveniencestores.Hereportedthatthesavingsfrompricesroundeddownwouldroughlyoffsetthecostofpricesroundedup.Indeed，consumersmightactuallybenefit.YetAmericansliketheshinycoppers(铜币).Ina2014poll,71percentofrespondentssaidtheydidpickuppennies.And43percentsaidtheywouldbe“disappointed”or“angry”ifthegovernmentstoppedmakingthembecauseAbrahamLincolnisonthefront.MrPresident，however，doesnotnumberamongthesentimentalists.Hesaidin2024hesawnoreasontomakepennies.“It’soneofthosethingswhereIthinkpeoplegetattachedemotionallytothewaythingshavebeen，”hesaid.Healsoofferedwhatisprobablythebestexplanationforthecontinuedproductionofpennies：Congressstrugglestoaccomplisheventhemostobvioustasks.Thepenny，MrPresidentsaid，is“agoodmetaphor(隐喻)forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwe’vegot”.Thegovernment，hesaid，hasapoortrackrecordof“gettingridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo”.语篇解读本文是一篇争论文。既然一分钱硬币几乎没有好用价值，那为什么不取消呢？文章探讨了其中的几个缘由。1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.AmericawillfollowCanadatoremovethepenny.B.MakingpenniesisfarfromunprofitableinAmerica.C.Americaseemstobelosingthenecessitytomakepennies.D.Thenegativeimpactofpenniesisoutweighingthepositiveone.答案C解析推理推断题。依据第一段的内容，尤其是“Coiningpennies...peopledon’treallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedSlion”可知，和在加拿大一样，在美国铸造一分钱硬币是一件赔钱的事情，并且人们已经不再须要它了。每铸造100个一分钱硬币，就要耗费1.43美元。去年，铸造一分钱硬币花费了纳税人近3900万美元。这都说明，对美国而言，铸造这种硬币似乎没有必要了。故选C。2.Whydosomepeopledefendthepenny?A.Toreducethesalestax.B.Toexpresstheirloveofcoppers.C.ToshowtheirrespectforLincoln.D.Tomaintainthebenefitsofconsumers.答案D解析推理推断题。依据第三段中的“Pricesthatend...pennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.”和“Indeed，consumersmightactuallybenefit.”可知，支持运用一分钱硬币的人士认为取消一分钱硬币会损害消费者的利益，也就是说他们维护一分钱硬币的目的是维护消费者的利益。故选D。3.WhatisMrPresident’sattitudetowardmakingpennies?A.Negative. B.Positive.C.Defensive. D.Objective.答案A解析观点看法题。依据最终两段的内容，尤其是“hesawnoreasontomakepennies”“agoodmetaphor(隐喻)forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwe’vegot”“hasapoortrackrecordof‘gettingridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo’”可知，总统先生曾表示，他觉得没有理由再铸造一分钱硬币了。他还觉得一分钱硬币是“一个很好的隐喻，象征着我们存在的一些更大的问题”，而且在“去除已经没有用的东西，以便我们在可行的东西上进行投入”方面，政府做得很差。由此可推知，总统先生对铸造一分钱硬币持消极看法。故选A。2话题：薯片重量削减难度：★★建议用时：7分钟Thisisgoingtoruffleafewfeathers(激怒).PepsiCopurposelypacksfewerchipsintoitsflavoredchipbags，HughJohnston，thecompany’sCFO，toldtheAssociatedPress.“Theremightbeanounceortwolessinthosebags，”Johnstonsaid.Actually，it’shalfanounceless.RegularLay’saresoldin10-ouncebags；flavoredLay’saresoldin9.5-ouncebags；andbotharesoldforthesame$4.29price.Thatmightnotsoundlikealot，butitwillsoundlikealotwithabitofsimplemath.Americansbuysome$1.6billionworthofLay’spotatochipseveryyear.Muchofthatissoldinbulk—ormerelyinbagsbiggerthanthestandardonesmentionedabove.Butlet’sassumeforasecondthatthose10-ouncebagsaretheonlyonesLay’ssells.Thatwouldmeanthecompanysellsmorethan372millionbagsofLay’sintheU.S.eachyear—or3.72billionouncesofchips，atabout43centsperounce.Itwouldalsomeanthatthathalf-ouncedifferenceisworthabout21.5centsperbag，andabout$80millionintotalperyear.Thatnumberislikelyagooddeallower，butit’snotentirelyunreasonable.IfLay’sischarginganextrapaymentforthesmallerflavoredchipbags，it’slikelydoingthesameforthebiggerones，too.Thattinyhalf-ouncedifferencemightonlymeanapotatochiportwotoyou，butit’sprobablyworthtensofmillionsofdollarstoPepsiCoannually.PepsiCoconfirmedthatflavoredandunflavoredLay’schipsaresoldforthesameprice，butnotinthesamequantity.“Thisallowsustokeepthesamepricepointacrossthebrand，”JeffDahnckesaidinane-mail.Healsosuggestedthatthechipdifferencehasnothingtodowithextraprofit.“Thereasonwhythereisaslightlyhigherpriceperounceforflavoredchipsistheaddedseasonings(调味品)，”hesaid.Butthatdoesn’tappeartobethecase.Someofthemark-upsaresimplymeanttomakeupfortheaddedinputcostsofcheese，barbecue，sourcreamandonion，andotherflavorings.Butsomeofthemarealsothere(ornotthere)toincreasethepotatochipmaker’sprofits.PepsiCohasasoftspotforitsspecialtypotatochips，becauseitsspecialtypotatochipsaremoreprofitablethanitsregularones，accordingtoJohnston.Perhapsthat’swhyLay’sisgettingreadytolaunchamassofnewspecialtypotatochipflavors.ThelaunchispartofPepsiCo’sannual“DoUsaFlavor”contest，inwhichitletscustomersparticipateintheflavorcreationprocess.语篇解读本文是一篇争论文。百事对单包风味薯片偷偷削减重量，其辩解说是为了弥补原料上的额外费用，但作者认为并不是那样，其实就是为了提高利润。4.WhatdidPepsiCodotoarousepublicdissatisfaction?A.Theyraisedthepriceoftheirflavoredchips.B.Theygaveshortweighttotheirflavoredchips.C.Theychangedtheflavorsoftheirpotatochips.D.Theyputmoreseasoningsintotheirpotatochips.答案B解析细微环节理解题。依据第一段的内容及其次段中的“PepsiCopurposelypacksfewerchipsintoitsflavoredchipbags”可知，百事在单包风味薯片上削减重量，这导致争议。giveshortweight是固定用法，意为“缺斤少两”。故选B。5.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Bylistingfigures.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byanalyzingcauses.D.Bymakingcomparisons.答案A解析写作手法题。依据第三段的内容，尤其是其中的“some$1.6billion”“10-ouncebags”“morethan372millionbags”“3.72billionouncesofchips，atabout43centsperounce”“about21.5centsperbag”“about$80million”可知，作者主要是通过列数据的方式来陈述第三段的内容。故选A。6.WhydoLay’sflavoredchipschargemoreperounceaccordingtoJeffDahncke?A.Tomakemoreprofits.B.Toupgradetheirproducts.C.Tobalanceadditionalcosts.D.Tosatisfymorepeople’staste.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据第五段中的“Thereasonwhythereisaslightlyhigherpriceperounceforflavoredchipsistheaddedseasonings(调味品)”，并结合倒数其次段中的“tomakeupfortheaddedinputcosts”可知，据JeffDahncke所言，风味薯片每盎司要价提高是因为添加了调味品，而百事不足量地包装其薯片是为了弥补由此造成的额外费用。故选C。7.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“hasasoftspotfor”inthelastbutoneparagraph?A.Hasasayin. B.Hasalookat.C.Hasaccessto. D.Hasaffectionfor.答案D解析词义揣测题。依据倒数其次段中的“becauseitsspecialtypotatochipsaremoreprofitablethanitsregularones”及最终一段第一句“Perhapsthat’swhyLay’sisgettingreadytolaunchamassofnewspecialtypotatochipflavors.”可知，百事公司卖特色薯片比卖一般薯片更赚钱，而且他们亦打算推出一大批新的特色薯片口味，并实行竞赛让顾客参与其创建过程。由此可推知，百事公司对自己的特色薯片应是情有独钟的，画线短语hasasoftspotfor应是“喜爱某人(或某物)”之意。故选D。3话题：关于意志力的探讨难度：★★建议用时：7分钟(2024·江西师范高校附属中学三模)Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind：Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened？Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource，astheresearchsuggests，whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control，whichiscalledthe“outofsight，outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy，forinstance，foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks，inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations，arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather，peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve，savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower—atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison，theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm，theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly，regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas，soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords，don’ttrytoquitsmoking，adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace，Baumeistersays，you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine，andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.语篇解读这是一篇争论文。短文列举了关于意志力的几种探讨和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚决。8.Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-controlB.highmotivationensuresone’ssuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure答案C解析推理推断题。依据第三段第四、五句可知，探讨人员不信任人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节约的意志力。所以从文章中的探讨我们了解到意志力很难完全耗尽。故C选项正确。9.Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“”.A.makeuseofB.runoutofC.buildD.increase答案A解析词义揣测题。由第三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.”可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我限制实力已经被减弱，我们仍旧可以接着前进。所以通过上下文的语境，推断出“tapinto”指“利用”，与makeuseof同义。故A选项正确。10.Theauthorcomparesself-controltomuscles.A.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB.toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC.toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedupD.toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control答案D解析推理推断题。依据第四段最终两句的内容“虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而乏累不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过常常熬炼而增加。同样，规律的自我限制可以提高意志力。”可知，两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的熬炼和自我限制的好处。所以作者把自我限制比作肌肉是为了说明自我限制的好处。故D选项正确。11.Todevelopagoodhabit，whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A.“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”B.“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C.“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”D.“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”答案C解析推理推断题。依据最终一段最终三句的内容“一个接一个地制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再须要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不须要做任何确定。”可知，C项“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜爱这种目标。故C选项正确。题组训练二1话题：温室气体难度：★★建议用时：7分钟Thesedayseveryoneisworriedaboutthesizeoftheircarbonfootprint.Inordertoreduceglobalwarming，weneedtomakeourcarbonfootprintssmaller.ButhowmuchCO2areweresponsiblefor?AnewbookbyMikeBerners-Lee(aleadingexpertincarbonfootprint)mightbeabletohelp.TheCarbonFootprintofEverythinglooksatthedifferentthingswedoandbuy，andcalculatestheamountofCO2theyproduce，includingtheingredients，theelectricity，theequipment，thetransportandthepackaging.Andit’sfrighteninghowmuchcarbondioxideeverythingproduces.Butallofthiscanhelpusdecidewhichbeertodrink.FromBerners-Lee’scalculations，it’sclearthatapint(568ml)oflocally-brewed(酿制的)beerhasasmallercarbonfootprintthanabottleofimportedbeer.Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway，anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2，buttheimportedbeerproduces900g!So，onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.Berners-Leehasevencalculatedthecarbonfootprintofcyclingtowork.Nothingismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanridingabike，surely?Well，itdependsonwhatyou’vehadtoeatbefore.Torideabikeweneedenergyandforenergyweneedfood.So，ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf，ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However，ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride，it’s200g.Infact，bananasaregoodingeneralbecausetheydon’tneedpackaging.Theycanbetransportedbyboatandtheygrowinnaturalsunlight.So，doesthismeanthatcyclingisbadfortheenvironment?Absolutelynot.Ifyoucycle，youdon’tuseyourcar；andthefewercarsontheroad，thefewertrafficjams.AndcarsintrafficjamsproducethreetimesmoreCO2thancarstravellingatspeed.Cyclingalsomakesyouhealthyandlesslikelytogotoahospital.Andhospitalshaveverybigcarbonfootprints!So，maybeit’stimeforusalltostartmakingsomechanges.Passmeabananaandapintoflocalbeer，please.语篇解读这是一篇争论文。文章作者激励大家实行行动，削减温室气体的排放，并说明白一些详细的做法。1.Whichofthefollowingsproducesthesmallestcarbonfootprints?A.Apintoflocalbeer.B.Abottleofimportedbeer.C.Abananabeforea1.5kmbikeride.D.Baconbeforea1.5kmbikeride.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2，buttheimportedbeerproduces900g！”和第四段中的“So，ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf，ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However，ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride，it’s200g.”可知，吃一根香蕉然后骑1.5公里自行车产生的碳踪迹最小，故选C。2.Accordingtothearticle，theauthorsuggestschoosingthelocalfoodbecauseitis.A.moretasty B.easiertobuyC.betterpackaged D.moreenergy-saving答案D解析推理推断题。依据第三段中的“Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway，anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2，buttheimportedbeerproduces900g!So，onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.”可推断出，作者建议选择当地的食物，因为它更节能，故选D。3.Thepurposeofwritingthisarticleisto.A.promoteanewbookB.advertisetheimportedbeerC.instructhowtomeasurethecarbonfootprintD.encouragepeopletoreducetheproductionofCO2答案D解析写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段可知，文章是激励大家实行行动，削减温室气体的排放的，故选D。2话题：暑假难度：★★★建议用时：8分钟YoureturnfromworkonanAugustevening.YourunwashedteenagesonisonthesofawatchingTV，ashehasbeendoingforthepasteighthours.Yourdaughter，gluedtotheiPad，acknowledgesyourpresencewithagrunt(咕哝).Notforthefirsttime，youaskyourself：Whyareschoolsummerholidayssoinsufferablylong?Thisisamoreseriousquestionthanitsounds.Manychildrenwillreturnfromthelongbreakhavingforgottenmuchofwhattheyweretaughtthepreviousyear.Onestudyfoundthatthis“summerlearningloss”couldbeashighasaquarteroftheyear’seducation.Poorchildrentendtobetheworstaffected，sincerichonestypicallyliveinhomesfullofbooksandarepackedofftosummercamptolearnrobotics，Latinorpiano.AstudyfromBatimorefoundthatvariations(差别)insummerlossmightpossiblyaccountfortwo-thirdsoftheachievementgapbetweenrichandpoorchildrenbytheageof14－15.Longholidayssurelystrainthebudgetsofpoorfamilies，sincefreeschoolmealsstopandextrachildcarekicksin.Moretimeinschoolneednotmeanrepeatingthesameoldlessons.Someextrapracticewouldbebeneficial，particularlyforthosefallingbehind.Butthesummercouldalsobeatimefordifferentkindsoflearning：criticalthinking，practicalskills，internship(实习)—schoolsshouldbefreetoexperiment.Spaceshouldnotbeaproblem.Manyschoolbuildingssitvacantinthesummer.Well-offchildrenoftenalreadyusethesummertobroadentheirmindsandpolishtheircollegeapplicationsapricycampsordoingsummerjobsfoundthroughconnections.Schoolsshouldhelptherestcatchup.Otherpublicservicesdonotsimplydisappearforaquarteroftheyear.Itwouldbeunthinkableforhospitalsorthepolicetodoso.Sowhydoschoolsgetawaywithit?语篇解读本文是一篇争论文。文章论述了放暑假给学生带来的一些问题，并呼吁学校在暑假期间为学生们供应一些额外的学习项目。4.Paragraph2mainlydiscussesthedifferentinfluenceofonchildren’s“summerlearningloss”.A.finance B.intelligenceC.culture D.activities答案A解析推理推断题。依据其次段内容可知，该段主要讲解并描述家境好的孩子在暑假期间可以学习拉丁舞、钢琴或者参与夏令营，而家境贫困的孩子则无法通过暑期学习增长学问、开阔眼界；再结合该段最终一句中的“Longholidayssurelystrainthebudgetsofpourfamilies”可推知，本段主要论述了家庭经济条件的不同给孩子们的暑假生活带来的不同影响。故选A。5.Whatcouldschoolsdoduringsummerholidays?A.Reviewingpreviouslessons.B.Offeringvariousinternship.C.Providingextralearning.D.Tutoringpoorstudents.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据第三段其次、三句中的“Someextrapracticewouldbebeneficial”和“atimefordifferentkindsoflearning”可知，学校可以在暑假期间给学生供应一些额外的学习机会。故选C。6.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioning“hospitalsandthepolice”inthelastparagraph?A.Hospitalsandthepolicedeservepraisefortheirservice.B.Schoolsshouldremaininserviceduringsummerholidays.C.Childrencouldtakeadvantageofpublicserviceforsummerjobs.D.Somefunctionsofhospitalsandthepolicecouldbeservedinschools.答案B解析推理推断题。依据最终一段最终三句可知，其他公共服务机构不会每年消逝一个季度，而是全年开放。假如医院和警察局每年也有一个季度不开放的话，那简直无法想象，所以为什么学校可以是个例外呢？由此可推知，作者举医院和警察局的例子是建议学校在暑假期间也应当开放。故选B。3话题：购物难度：★★★建议用时：8分钟Abargainissomethingofferedatalowandadvantageousprice.Amorerecentdefinitionis：abargainisadirtytricktoforcemoneyoutofthepocketsofsillyandinnocentpeople.Thecostofproducinganew—forexample—toothpastewouldmake80ptheproperpriceforit，sowewillmarketitat￡1.20.Itisnotabadtoothpaste，andaspeopleliketotrynewthingsitwillsellwelltostartwith；buttheattractionofnovelty(新颖 )soonfades，sosaleswillfall.Whenthathappenswewillreducethepriceto￡1.15.Andwewillturnitintoabargainbyprinting5pOFFalloverit.Sometimesitisnot5pOFFbut1pOFF.Whatbreathtakingrudenesstoadvertise1pOFFyoursoaporwashingpowderorwhatever！Eventhepoorestold-agepensioner(领养老金者)oughttoregardthisasaninsult(羞辱)，buthedoesn’t.Abargainmustnotbemissed.Peoplesayonehastohavewashingpowder(orwhatever)andonemightaswellbuyitapennycheaper.Therealdangerstartswhenunnecessarythingsbecome“bargains”.Manypeoplejustcannotresistbargains.Providedtheythinktheyaregettingabargaintheywillbuyclothestheywillneverwearorfurnituretheyhavenospacefor.OnceIheardofamanwhoboughtanelectricsawasabargainandcutofftwoofhisfingersthenextday.Buthehadnoregrets：thesawhadbeentrulycheap.Quiteafewpeopleactuallybelievethattheymakemoneyonsuchbargains.Aladyoncetoldme：“I’vehadaluckydaytoday.Iboughtadressfor￡120，reducedfrom￡400；andIboughtabeautifulPersiancarpetfor￡600，reducedfrom￡900.”Itwillneveroccurtoherthatshehasactuallywasted￡720.Shefeelsasthoughshehadmade￡580.Shealsofeels，Iamsure，thatifshehadmoretimeforshopping，shecouldmakealivingoutofit.Somepeoplebuyinlargequantitiesbecauseitischeaper.Onceacoupleboughtenoughsugarfortheirlifetimeandthelifetimeoftheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Theythoughtitabargainnottobemissed.Whenthesugararrivedtheydidn’tknowwheretostoreit—untiltheyrealizedthattheirtoiletwasaveryspacious(宽敞的)one.Sothatwaswheretheypileduptheirsugar.Notonlydidtheirguestsfeelratherstrangewhenevertheywereofferedsugartoputintotheircoffee，butthetoiletbecameextremelysticky(粘性的).Toofferbargainsisacommercialtricktomakethepoorpoorer.Whengreedyfoolsfallforthistrick，itservesthemright.语篇解读这是一篇争论文，讲解并描述人们购物时盲目追求折扣却有可能造成不理性消费的现象。7.Whichwordbestdescribesthelanguagestyleofthepassage?A.Polite. B.Foolish.C.Humorous. D.Serious.答案C解析推理推断题。通过全文给出的几个例子，如第四段买电锯结果把自己的手指锯了，倒数其次段的买了太多的糖结果放卫生间了等都能看出这是一种幽默的手法，故选C。8.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphmean?A.Abargainisworthmuch.B.Thepoorlikebargains.C.Abargainisnotworthbuying.D.Onlyafoolbuysabargain.答案C解析句意理解题。依据文章全文内容并结合文章第一句话可知，本文主要告知读者，购买便宜货要慎重，因为可能有陷阱，简单上当，所以得出结论，便宜货不值得买。故C项符合语境。9.FromParagraph5，weknowthatthelady.A.wastoofoolishtobuythosebargainsthatwereuselessB.focusedtoomuchattentiononthediscountinsteadofherneedC.wantedtomakealivingbysellingclothesD.actuallywasted￡580tobuythedressoflowquality答案B解析推理推断题。依据关键句可知，这位女士只觉得自己似乎从打折中“赚”了580英镑，而根本没有想到自己其实可能是奢侈了720英镑，因为买回来的这些便宜货未必会用得着。由此可知B项符合语境。10.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Bargainsarethingspeopledon’treallyneed.B.Bargainsareoftenrealcheapproducts.C.Bargainshelppeoplemakealiving.D.Bargainsplaytricksonpeople.答案D解析推理推断题。依据文章，大甩卖不肯定买到的都是须要的东西。故A选项肯定化了。由文章可知，大甩卖往往是某种刺激消费，如文中提到的买衣服和地毯的女性，买糖的夫妇，及最终一段第一句中的关键词commercialtrick推断便宜销售就是商家玩的把戏，人们可能会因为盲目追求折扣而不理性消费，故B、C两项均可解除。故选D。题组训练三1话题：词源探讨难度：★★建议用时：7分钟Etymology，thestudyofwordsandwordroots，maysoundlikethekindofthingdonebyboringlibrariansinsmall，dustyrooms.Yetetymologistsactuallyhaveauniquelyinterestingjob.Theyareinmanywaysjustlikearchaeologists(考古学家)diggingupthephysicalhistoryofpeopleandevents.Thespecialaspectofetymologyisthatitdigsuphistory，sotospeak，throughthewordsandphrasesthatareleftbehind.TheEnglishlanguage，inparticular，isagreatfieldtoexplorehistorythroughwords.Asalanguage，Englishhasanextraordinarynumberofwords.Thisispartlyduetoitsabilitytoadaptforeignwordssoreadily.Forexample，“English”wordssuchaskindergarten(fromGerman)，croissant(fromFrench)，andcheetah(fromHindi)havebecomepartofthelanguagewithlittleornochangefromtheiroriginalsoundsandspellings.SoEnglish-languageetymologistshaveavastworldofwordstoexplore.Anotherenjoyablethingaboutetymologyformostwordexpertsissolvingwordmysteries(谜).No，etymologistsdonotgoaroundsolvingmurders，likethegreatdetectiveSherlockHolmes.Whatthesewordexpertssolvearemysteriousoriginsofsomeofourmostcommonwords.OneofthebiggestquestionsEnglishlanguageexpertshavepursuedishowEnglishcametohavethephraseOK.Thoughitisoneofthemostcommonlyusedexpressions，itsexactbeginningisapuzzleeventothisday.Evenitsspellingisnotentirelyconsistent—unlessyouspellitOkay，itishardeventocallitaword.EtymologistshavebeenabletonarrowOK’sorigindowntoalikely，althoughnotcertain，source(来源).ItbecamewidelyusedaroundthetimeofMartinVanBuren’srunforpresidentin1840.HisnicknamewasOldKinderhook.WhattroubleswordexpertsaboutthisexplanationisthatthephraseappearedinsomenewspapersbeforeVanBurenbecamewellknown.ItislikelythatVanBurencouldbecalleditsprimarysourceEtymologistswilldoubtlesslykeepsearchingfortheinitialsource.However，itisclearthatOK’spopularityandreputationhavetoppedthoseoftheAmericanpresidenttowhomithasbeenmostclearlylinked.语篇解读本文是一篇争论文。词与词的根源的探讨，听起来像是在小图书馆里布满灰尘的房间做的无聊的事情，但是现在词源探讨已经越来越丰富和好玩，语言专家们像考古学家一样探讨单词的历史和来源，词源的运用也更加多样。1.Theauthormentionsthewordslike“croissant”inParagraph2toindicate.A.wordshavechangedalotinthetwolanguagesB.whatEnglish-languageetymologistsareexploringnowC.EnglishhasabsorbedmanywordsfromotherforeignlanguagesD.theEnglishvocabularyisdifficulttothenon-English-speakingpeople答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据其次段第三句“Thisispartlyduetoitsabilitytoadaptforeignwordssoreadily.”和croissant是法国外来词可知，这里作者是想表明英语里汲取了许多外来词，故选C。2.Theunderlinedword“pursued”inParagraph4means“”.A.lookedupon B.dugupC.putin D.setdown答案B解析词义揣测题。依据第四段第一句“OneofthebiggestquestionsEnglishlanguageexpertshavepursuedishowEnglishcametohavethephraseOK.”可知，英语专家们始终探究的最大问题之一就是英语怎么会有“OK”这个短语。这里dugup是“探究，深究”的意思，和pursued的意思最接近，故选B。3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatetymologists.A.discoverthepossibleoriginofwordsB.helpdetectivestosolvemysteriousmurdersC.writeinterestingstoriesforsomenewspapersD.exploretheEnglishlanguageaswellastherecentevents答案A解析推理推断题。依据第三段最终一句“Whatthesewordexpertssolvearemysteriousoriginsofsomeofourmostcommonwords.”可知，专家们解决的是我们最常见的词的神奇起源的问题，故选A。4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TopresentthehistoryofEnglishwords.B.Toexplaintheprocedureofanetymologist’sjob.C.Tointroducethepleasureofthestudyofwordsandwordroots.D.ToteachreadershowtodistinguishEnglishandnon-Englishwords.答案C解析写作意图题。文章第一段点明主旨。词与词的根源的探讨，听起来像是在小图书馆里布满灰尘的房间做的无聊的事情，但是现在词源探讨已经越来越丰富和好玩，语言专家们像考古学家一样探讨单词的历史和来源，词源的运用也更加多样，故选C。2话题：界限难度：★★★建议用时：8分钟Likealotofhealth-careprofessionals，Dr.BrianGoldmanfindsitextremelydifficulttodrawboundariesbetweenhisworkandpersonallife.“There’sthisviewthatyoushouldsuckitupanddoonemorething，”saystheERphysicianandhostofCBC’sWhiteCoat，BlackArt.Butthat“onemorething”oftencomesatGoldman’sexpense.“You’reexhaustedandapatientortheirfamilylookatyouwithbeggingeyes，”hesays.“Soyouhavethisdilemma：doyousaythatyourshiftisoverordoyougiveuntilyou’retotallyspent？”Goldman’sworkstresscombinedwithfamilytensionafterhismotherwasdiagnosedwithdementia20yearsago.Caringforheroveradecadewasdifficult，aswasdealingwithhisfather’sgrief.“Whensomeoneelseisdrowningyou，youhavetograbalifepreserverandsaveyourself，”saysGoldman.Settingboundariesisn’tjustimportantforbusyprofessionals；everyonecanbenefitfrommanagingsituationsthatcauseunduestressorpain.Herearesometips.First，“Ifsomeone’sbehaviormakesyouunhappy—anditcouldbeanythingfromthewaytheyspeaktoyoutorepeatedlyfailingtosticktotheirpromises—thenthere’sroomtosetlimits，”saysPatrickKeelan，aCalgarypsychologist.Weoftenavoidsettinglimitsbecauseweprioritizethehappinessandcomfortofothersoverours.Inordertocontrolthisimpulse，Goldmansuggestsframingthedevelopmentofboundariesasaformofself-kindness.Whenfacinganoverwhelmingsituationliketheonehewasinwithhisfather，Goldmansuggestsreflectingonwhatismakingyoufeeluncomfortable，unhappyorunappreciated.“Youcan’trelatetoothersorbekindtoothersifyouaren’tkindtoyourself，”hesays.Second，onceyou’vebecomeawareofyourneeds，settingandmaintainingboundariesrequiresclearverbalcommunication.Therearethreeobstaclestoenforcingboundariesinarelationship：fear，guiltandself-doubt，sayspsychologistNicoleMaCance.Weoftenfearthatifwesetlimits，theotherpersonwillrejectus，orwefeelbadclaimingourneeds.Keelanproposessettinggroundrulesbeforerelationshipsbecometense.Startbycooperativelylistingvalues—likemutualrespect，support，andloyalty—andthenbuildingtheguidelinesfromthesevalues.Ifyou’restrugglingtoreachaconsensus，Keelanrecommendsengagingathirdparty，suchasatherapist，tohelp.Now，ifyouwantaboundarytostickto，youcan’tenablesomeoneinbreakingit.Assuch，it’scrucialtoestablishconsequencesfortransgressions(越轨).Otherwise，McMancesays，“you’regivingthempermissiontoviolatethatboundary.”Iftheywon’trespectyourboundaries，youhavetodosomesoul-searchingaboutthevalueoftherelationship.“Whenyoufeelbadmorethanyoufeelgoodinthisperson’spresence，andwhentherelationshipisimpactingyourself-worthandhappiness，it’stimetoreassess，”saysMcCance.Sayingnoishard，butshesuggestsframingitassayingyestohealthierrelationships.“We’reallbettermothersandpartnersandbrotherswhenwehaveboundaries.”语篇解读这是一篇争论文。文章提到设定界限对劳碌的职场人士很重要。同时作者给出两点保持界限的建议：第一是设限，其次是清楚的口头沟通。作者认为当我们有界限的时候，我们都是更好的母亲、更好的伴侣、更好的兄弟。5.WhatdoweknowaboutGoldman?A.Heisinneedofsupportinhiswork.B.Heiscaughtbetweenhisworkandlife.C.Heslidesintothestateofdesperation.D.Healwaysputshisfamilyatthefirstplace.答案B解析细微环节理解题。依据第一段第一句中的“Dr.BrianGoldmanfindsitextremelydifficulttodrawboundariesbetweenhisworkandpersonallife”可知，戈德曼发觉他很难在他的工作和个人生活之间划清界限。因此答案选择B。6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisimpulse”referto?A.Prioritizingothers’happiness.B.Avoidingsettinglimits.C.Failingtosticktotheirpromises.D.Framingthedevelopmentofboundaries.答案A解析词义揣测题。依据画线部分前一句中的“weprioritizethehappinessandcomfortofothersoverours”可知，画线部分指“我们把他人的欢乐和舒适放在首位”，故选A。7.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.DoCommunicateB.DoNotCrossC.IdentifyYourLimitsD.SayNoandMeanIt答案B解析标题归纳题。依据最终一句“We’reallbettermothersandpartnersandbrotherswhenwehaveboundaries.”可知，作者认为当我们有界限的时候，我们都是更好的母亲、更好的伴侣、更好的兄弟。且结合文章内容：要设立边界，以此提示人们在处理人和人之间关系的时候不要越界。因此选择B最符合。3话题：生产模式难度：★★★建议用时：8分钟Before1815producingintheUnitedStateshadbeendoneinhomesorshopsbyskilledartisans(工匠).Asmastercraftworkers，theypassedontheknowledgeoftheirtradestoapprenticesandjourneymen.Inaddition，womenoftenworkedintheirhomespart-time，makingfinishedarticlesfromrawmaterialsuppliedbymerchantcapitalists.After1815thisolderformofproducingbegantogivewaytofactorieswithmachinerytendedbyunskilledorsemiskilledlaborers.Cheaptransportationnetworks，theriseofcities，andtheavailabilityofcapitalandcreditallstimulated(刺激)theshifttofactoryproduction.Thefactorychangedthat.Goodsproducedbyfactorieswerenotasfinishedorelegantasthosedonebyhand，andprideincraftsmanship(工艺)gavewaytothepressuretoincreaseratesofproductivity.Thenewmethodsofdoingbusinessinvolvedanewandstrictersenseoftime.Factorylifenecessitatedamorerigidschedule，whereworkbeganatthesoundofabellandworkerskeptmachinesgoingataconstantpace.Thefirstgenerationtoexperiencethesechangesdidnotadoptthenewattitudeseasily.Thefactoryclockbecamethesymbolofthenewworkrules.Onemillworkerwhofinallyquitcomplainedrevealinglyabout“obedience(听从)totheding-dongofthebell—justasthoughwearesomanylivingmachines”.Withthelossofpersonalfreedomalsocamethelossofstandinginthecommunity.Inthisnewlyappearingeconomicorder，workerssometimesorganizedtoprotecttheirrightsandtradit