作业17　自我认知和成长类说明文2025高考英语大二轮考前必背七选五阅读

2025高考英语大二轮考前必背七选五阅读七选五阅读作业17自我认知和成长类说明文(分值：25分)说明文七选五阅读文体解读1．语言正式且简洁：说明文通常采用正式且简洁的语言来描述、解释或说明某一主题或现象。避免使用过于口语化或冗长的表达方式，以便于读者快速理解和把握内容要点。2．客观性强：说明文强调客观性，尽量使用客观的文字来描述、解释和概括事物。避免使用过多的主观评价和感情色彩，以确保信息的准确性和可信度。3．结构清晰：说明文的结构通常非常清晰，常常采用“总－分－总”或“总－分”的结构来组织内容。首先提出主题或论点，然后分点展开说明，最后可能进行总结或强调。这种结构有助于读者快速理解文章的主旨和要点。4．内容广泛：说明文涉及的内容非常广泛，可以涵盖自然、社会、科技、文化等各个领域。在七选五阅读中，说明文可能涉及知识介绍、教人如何学习、如何做事、如何健康幸福地生活等方面的内容。5．注重逻辑和条理：说明文在描述和解释事物时，注重逻辑和条理。通常会采用清晰的定义、分类、排序、划分等方式来组织内容，以便于读者快速理解和把握要点。说明文七选五阅读解题技法1．通读全文，理解大意·快速浏览全文，寻找主题句，这通常出现在文章的开头或结尾部分。·掌握文章的结构和主要内容，对文章的整体框架有一个大致的了解。2．浏览选项，初选答案·在对全文的大意有所了解后，依次浏览所有的选项。·注意选项中出现的与原文相同或相似的词汇，试着将选项代入原文，看是否符合上下文逻辑。3．详细阅读，确定答案·仔细阅读文章的正文部分，并找出各个段落的关键词，这有助于理解文章的具体内容和细节。·明确各选项的含义，并抓住其关键词语。注意词汇复现(如同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等)、代词以及语篇标记语等，这些都有助于确定正确答案。4．分析逻辑关系·注意句子之间的逻辑关系，如因果、转折、并列等。这些逻辑关系有助于确定句子在文中的正确位置。·特别注意空前空后的句子，通过它们与选项中的句子进行比较，找出关联性。5．排除法·如果某个选项与文章内容或上下文逻辑明显不符，可以直接排除。·注意找出与其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的句子也可能是错误的选项。6．注意代词和定冠词在做七选五阅读时，要特别注意句子中出现的人称代词或指示代词。通过代词在句子中所作的成分，可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，然后从选项中找出这类句型。7．先易后难在解题过程中，可以先从容易的题目开始做起，逐渐攻克难题。这有助于建立信心，提高解题效率。8．复查答案在完成所有题目后，复查答案。将选定的选项代入原文中，检查是否符合上下文逻辑和文章的整体意思。(每小题2.5分，满分25分)A(2023·新课标Ⅰ)PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep，butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.1Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper，puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”2Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobe①world-changing，justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage，puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone，listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework，whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked，orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.3Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.4Thatway，youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact，don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis，it’strue.5We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A．Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B．Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C．Theymightevenliketo②haveagoatdoingtheexercise.D．It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E．Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F．Whateveritis，nomatterhowsmallitmightseem，writeitdown.G．Whateverthemistake，rememberitisn’ta③fixedaspectofyourpersonality.语篇解读本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。1．答案D解析根据空前内容可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后的“dothis”以及下文内容可推断，空处内容应该和“不要太自责”相似。选项D(宽恕自己也同样重要)与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。2．答案B解析根据空前内容“Inajournaloronapieceofpaper，puttheheading‘Personalstrengths.’”以及空后内容“Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing，justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释哪些是优点。故选B。3．答案F解析根据上文内容可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多微不足道，都要把它写下来)与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。4．答案C解析根据空后内容“Thatway，youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C(他们甚至可能想试一试做这个练习)符合语境，C项中的“They”指代空前的“afriendorfamilymember”。故选C。5．答案G解析根据空前内容可知，作者认为人从错误中吸取教训。选项G(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)符合语境，G项中的“isn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality”和空后内容“We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固定的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。语境猜词①world-changing(合)＝world＋changing改变世界的②haveago试一试③fixed(派)＝fix＋ed固定的B(2024·江苏盐城、南京一模)PursueYourDreamsToday，NotTomorrowHaveyoucaughtyourselfdaydreamingaboutyourdreams?Weoftenpostponeourdreams，trappedinacycleofdelay.Butwhywait?1Youdon’thavetotakeahuge，life-changingstep.Youcantakeminutestepstowardabrighterfuture.Andstartrightnow.2Ifyounevertry，you’regoingtobe①weigheddownbyyourregrets.You’realwaysgoingtowonderhowyourlifewould’veturnedoutifyouactuallytookachanceonyourself.Don’tletyourfutureselfbedisappointedbyyourpresentself.Itdoesn’tmatterhowoldyouareorhowmanypeoplehavewarnedyouthatyou’renevergoingtosucceed.Eventhemostsuccessfulpeoplehavehadtheirhesitationsaboutwhethertheyhadwhatittooktomakeitintheirfield.3Embracea②mindsetofdetermination，knowingthatsuccessiswithinyourreach.Attheendoftheday，youneedtocarveoutapathforyourselfthatwillleadtothemostsatisfaction.Ifyouallowyourfeartogetthebestofyou，you’renevergoingtoforgiveyourself.4It’swhatyouwouldencourageyourfriendstodo，sowhyaren’tyougivingyourselfthatsamepush?Sometimes，followingyourpassionmeansspendingalotofyourtimeeachday.Itmayrequiremakingslightadjustmentstoyourschedule，butyoudon’thavetosacrificeeverythingtofollowyourhearts.Trytostrikeabalancebetweenyourcurrentlifeandyourdreams.5Pursueyourdreamsnow，eventhoughthatmeansyoumightneedtobreakoutofyourcomfortzone，andeventhoughitmeansenteringtheunknown.A．Askyourselfwhatwouldbeworse.B．Startingsmalliscompletelyacceptable.C．Youoweittoyourselftogoafteryourdreams.D．Newopportunitiesmayleadtopersonalgrowth.E．Ifthingsgowell，youcangraduallymakefurthershifts.F．Youneedtomovepastyourinsecuritiesandexploreyourfullpotential.G．Hardasitis，it’scrucialto③waveoffthedoubtsinthebackofyourmind.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的梦想提出了一些建议。)1．答案B解析后文提到了不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步，由此可知本句是在建议从小的方面开始。故B选项“从小处开始是完全可以接受的”符合语境，故选B。2．答案C解析根据本段内容可知，本段的主旨是给自己一个改变生活的机会，即建议去追求自己的梦想。故C选项“你应该为自己去追求你的梦想”符合语境，故选C。3．答案G解析后文提到要拥有坚定的心态，相信自己能够取得成功，由此可知要摆脱怀疑的心态。故G选项“尽管困难重重，但摆脱心中的疑虑是至关重要的”符合语境，故选G。4．答案F解析上文提到不要让恐惧占据上风，即建议要克服恐惧和不安全感，来发掘潜力。故F选项“你需要克服你的不安全感，充分发掘你的潜力”符合语境，故选F。5．答案E解析上文提到了在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间取得平衡，本句为本段最后一句，故说明这么做的结果。故E选项“如果一切顺利，你可以逐渐做出进一步的改变”符合语境，故选E。语境猜词①weighdown使烦恼，使焦虑；压垮②mindset(合)＝mind＋set观念模式，思维倾向③waveoff拒绝，不接受作业18社会交往指南类说明文(分值：37.5分)(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)A(2022·新课标Ⅰ)FitnessMagazinerecently①rananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner”．Onereasonwas:“You’llactually②showupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym，”whileanotherread：“1”Witha③workoutpartner，youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙的)competition.So，howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall，decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.2Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit，abletomovewithstrengthand④flexibility？Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia，butitprobablywon’tresultinausefulresponse.3Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym，thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo，howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession，andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities，andprovidedherphonenumber.4Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.5Overtime，bothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.A．Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B．Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C．You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D．Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E．Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F．Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G．Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.语篇解读本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了与伙伴一起健身的好处以及如何找到一个一起健身的伙伴。1．答案C解析上文提到感谢健身伙伴的一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去健身”，再根据“whileanotherread”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起健身的理由。所以C项“如果你和别人一起健身，你会更努力”符合语境。2．答案D解析根据下文“Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit，abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility？”可知，空处与其并列，也应是一个一般疑问句，D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗？”符合语境。3．答案B解析根据下文“Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym，thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.”可知，B项“健身伙伴通常需要住在附近”符合语境，thatperson对应B项中的Aworkoutpartner。4．答案G解析空处位于段尾，应该是总结性的句子，上文列出了寻找健身伙伴的布告所要包含的信息。所以G项“任何寻找健身伙伴的布告都应包含这些信息”总结上文，符合语境。5．答案F解析根据上文“Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.”以及下文“Overtime，bothofyouwillbenefit”可知，F项“接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作”符合语境。differentskills对应F项中的differences。语境猜词①run熟义：v.跑，奔跑生义(文义)：v.刊登②showup到达，出现③workout(合)＝work＋out锻炼④flexibility(派)＝flexib(le)＋ility灵活性B(2020·新课标Ⅱ)TalkingwithyourdoctorTalkingfreelywithyourdoctorcanmakeyoufeelbetterandgivesyourdoctortheinformationsheorheneedstogiveyouthebestcare.Don’tbeafraidorembarrassedtodiscusssomethingthatisbotheringyou.1·Staypositive.Gotoyourdoctor’svisitswithagoodattitude.2Thinkteamwork!Thinkpositive!·①Keeptrackofhowyouarefeeling.3Thiswillmakeiteasierforyoutoanswerquestionsaboutyoursymptoms(症状)andhowmedicinesmakeyoufeel.Italsomakesiteasierforyoutobringupanythingthatyouareworriedabout.Makesuretobehonestabouthowyoufeelandhowlongyou’vefeltthatway.·4Yourmedicalhistoryisalistofyourillnesses，treatments，whatthedoctorstoldyoutodo，andanythingelseyouthinkyourdoctorshouldknow.Also，ifyouareallergic(过敏的)toanymedicines，besuretomentionthattoyourdoctor.·Askquestions.Donotbeafraidtoaskyourdoctoranyquestionsyouhave.Torememberallthequestionsyouhavewhenyouarenotinthedoctor’soffice，writethemdownandbringthelistwithyoutoyourappointment.5Remember—there’snosuchthingasastupidquestion.Ifyoudon’tunderstandtheanswertoaquestion，askthedoctortoexplainitagainuntilyoudounderstand.A．Thiswillmakegettinganswerseasier.B．Herearesometipsfortalkingwithyourdoctor.C．Youcantalktoanotherdoctorifthetreatmentsdon’twork.D．Beforeyourdoctor’svisit，keepnotesonhowyouarefeeling.E．Remember，yourdoctorandother②caregiversareonyourside.F．Bringyourmedicalhistory，includingalistofyourcurrentmedicines.G．Writingdownwhatthedoctorsayswillhelpyourememberimportantinformation.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了与医生谈话的几条小建议。)1．答案B解析根据文章第一段的内容可知，与你的医生畅所欲言可以让你感觉好些，并向你的医生提供她或他需要的信息，以便为你提供最好的护理。不要害怕或感到尴尬去讨论困扰你的事情。再结合下文列出的几条具体的建议，所以B项符合题意，故选B。2．答案E解析根据后文“Thinkteamwork！Thinkpositive！”可知，E项与此呼应，故选E。3．答案D解析根据本段小标题“Keeptrackofhowyouarefeeling.”以及本段的内容可知，D项切题，故选D。4．答案F解析空处是段落小标题，根据后文内容可知，你的病史是你的疾病、治疗过程、医嘱以及你认为你的医生应该知道的任何事情的清单。如果你对任何药物过敏的话，一定要告诉你的医生。由此可知，本段主要是关于病史的，故F项符合题意，故选F。5．答案A解析根据上文“Torememberallthequestionsyouhavewhenyouarenotinthedoctor’soffice，writethemdownandbringthelistwithyoutoyourappointment.”可知，A项“这将更容易得到答案”承接上文，A项中的This指代上文提到的做法，故选A。语境猜词①keeptrackof跟踪，记录②caregiver(合)＝care＋giver照料者，护理者C(2024·山东青岛一模)Whenyouthinkofyourclosestfriends，whowillcometoyourmind?Perhapsyourcollegeroommatesortheneighboryouplayedwithasachild.Regardlessofhowyoumetthesepeople，theymostlikelyhaveonekeythingincommon：1A2023studyfoundthat，forthoseaged21to30，over80percentintheirsocialcircles，werebornwithinfiveyearsofthem.Moreover，nearly63percentofadultshavenoclosefriends15yearsolderoryoungerthanthem.Spendingourtimewithsuchanarrowgroupofpeoplecan①fuelagesegregationandincreaseourloneliness.Theselimitationsalsokeepusfromothergenerations’mindsetsandpotentiallysurprisingpointsofconnection.2Ofcourse，theonesthatareoldermightofferabrieflookintothecomingyears.Aprogramthatrunsschoolsoutofseniorcentershassaidalotaboutit.3DawnCarr，asociologyprofessor，saidmostolderpeoplegetmuchfrompracticalhelp—withnewtechnology，forinstance—theiryoungerfriendsoffered.4Havingfunwithsomeonedecadesyoungerdefinitelytakesofftheirpressureto“acttheirage”．5Lila，aged75，wasproudthatherlifeexperiencespreparedhertogiveadvicetoheryoungfriendwithdepression，forwhichtheyoungwasgrateful.Also，olderfriendsoffermoreexamplesofwhatgrowingupcanlooklike.Ifsomeone’sparentsaretheonlyolderpeopletheyknowwell，theymightfailtopictureotherpossibilities.Agreaterpoolofolderfriendscanhelpyoungpeoplecreatetheirown②blueprint.A．You③befriendthosewholivearound.B．They’reallroughlythesameageasyou.C．Othersmightfind