连续油管侧钻工艺技术

连续油管又称挠性油管、蛇形管或盘管(coiledtubing)。其操纵设备称连续油管作业机。作业机包括5大局部，即引导和下入装置(包括注入头和导向拱)、油管缠绕滚筒、防喷装置、液压动力驱动装置和控制系统。连续油管用材主要有碳钢、调质钢、钛合金钢、纤维复合材料等。自从1962年世界上第1台连续油管作业机问世并开始用于石油工业中以来，经过30多年时间的开展，到90年代，连续油管作业机已被誉为“万能作业〞设备。在钻井工程中，连续油管应用包括：取心、安放造斜器和开窗侧钻、无线随钻测量、导向工具的有线测量、下尾管和悬挂器等。连续油管钻井与常规钻井相比，主要具备以下几方面的优势：■能够平安地实现欠平衡压力钻井作业，有利于保护油气层，提高钻速。由于连续油管没有接头，为实现欠平衡压力钻井创造了有利条件。安装在防喷器上方的环形橡胶，其作用相当于始终处于关闭状态的环形防喷器，它能在钻进和起下钻作业过程中密封环空，从而使钻井作业得以在欠平衡压力下进行，由此可防止地层遭到伤害并大大提高钻速。■连续油管钻井特别适用于小眼井钻井、老井侧钻、老井加深。在老井侧钻或加深作业中，因连续油管直径小可进行过油管作业，无需取出老井中现有的生产设备，从而实现边采边钻的目的，可显著节约钻井本钱。■连续油管钻井特别适用于小眼井钻井、老井侧钻、老井加深。在老井侧钻或加深作业中，因连续油管直径小可进行过油管作业，无需取出老井中现有的生产设备，从而实现边采边钻的目的，可显著节约钻井本钱。■地面设备少，占地面积小，特别适合于条件受限制的地面或海上平台作业，减少对周围环境的影响，降低井场建设和维护费用，同时设备移运安装快捷、方便、灵活。■连续油管内可以内置电缆，有利于实现自动控制和随钻测量。■减少施工队伍的作业人员。●1999•Successfullyranworld’sfirstcommercialUltraSlimLWDgeosteeringjob(USMPR)•First3¾〞openholesidetrackonCoiledTubing•60wellsdrilled(Underbalanced:36)withOrientXPress•WorldrecordlongesthorizontalsectiondrilledwithCTinOman-1425m.●2001•Initialfieldtestsofworld’sfirstE-lineoperated2-3/8〞CoilTrak•RecordrunonCT(525m/Day)withOrientXPressinAlaska.●2002•Marketintroductionofthe2-3/8〞CoilTrakand2-3/8〞X-trememotors.•FirstfieldtestsofE-lineoperated3〞CoilTrakBHA●2003•Marketintroductionofthe3〞CoilTrakinUBtwo-phaseflowand150℃temperature.■

贝克休斯第一代连续油管钻具组合■

贝克休斯第二代连续油管钻具组合■

贝克休斯第二代连续油管钻具组合■

贝克休斯第二代连续油管钻具组合■ProjectNameMicroholeCoiledTubingBottomHoleAssemblies■ProjectObjectives–Developa2-3/8〞RibSteeringMotordevice(RSM)–Developa2-3/8〞Resistivitymeasurementdevice(MPR)–Manufacture2prototypesofeach–Laboratory&FieldTestwithaCoilTrak™bottomholeassembly■ProjectDuration–18months(extendedto21months)–StartDate:1October，2004StartDate:1October，2004–EndDate:31March，2006(extendedtoJune30，2006)■贝克休斯连续油管钻井研发工程概述MultiplePropagationResistivity(MPR)moduleThetoolconsistsofthefollowingsections:●UpperAdapterSub–MechanicalandElectricalupholeconnectiontoexisting2-3/8〞CoilTrak™System●ElectronicsHousin-housestransmitterandreceiverelectronicsalongwithanintegratedpowersupplyandmodem.●UpperandLowerTransmitterAntennas●TwoReceiverAntennas●LowerAdapterSub–MechanicalandElectricaldownholeconnectiontoexisting2-3/8〞CoilTrak™System■

贝克休斯小井眼电阻率短节■

贝克休斯小井眼电阻率短节■

贝克休斯小井眼电阻率短节ElectricalDescription,2-3/8〞MPRTheMPRelectronicsconsistsoftwoprintedcircuitboardassemblies(PCBA),atransmitterPCBAandareceiverPCBA.Duetospacelimitations,thepowersupplyandmodem,whichareusuallyonaseparatePCBA,wereintegratedintothetransmitterPCBA.Thisintegrationmadeitnecessarytotakeextraprecautionstominimizenoiseinterferencewiththereceivercommunication.ShownbelowistheactualtransmitterPCBA.■

贝克休斯小井眼电阻率短节TransmitterPCBA,2-3/8"MPRThetransmitterportionofthePCBAconsistsofaseparatecircuittodriveeachofthetransmitterantennas.Thesecircuitsarecapableofoperatingat2MHzand400kHz.ThetransmittersequentiallyreceivestwonumericallycontrolledandphaselockedsignalsfromthereceiverPCBAthroughacoaxcable.Alongwithacommandtoturnonthetransmittercircuitsoneatatime,thissignalissequentiallyamplifiedandsenttotheappropriateantennawhichemitsthesignalintotheformation.ThepowersupplyonthetransmitterPCBAsuppliesthenecessarypowertotheamplifiersandthemodem.ThemodempartofthetransmitterPCBAcommunicatesinformationviathecorrectprotocol.■

贝克休斯小井眼电阻率短节ReceiverPCBA,2-3/8"MPRThereceiverPCBA,shownbelow,iselectricallyconnectedtothetworeceiverantennas.Thesignalreceivedateachantennaisamplified,mixedwithtransmittingfrequencyandphaselockedtooutput.Thissignalisfurtheramplified,andpassedthroughfilterstoproducecleanmeasurableanalogsignals.Theseanalogsignalsarethendigitized,passedthroughabufferandsenttotheDigitalSignalProcessor(DSP).TheDSPcomparestransmittedandreceivedsignals.Sincethereceivedsignalspassthroughtheformation,theyareattenuatedinamplitudeandphase.TheDSPcalculatesthesechangesandthenstoresandsendstheinformationtothesurfaceforfurtherprocessingintoresistivityvalues.■

贝克休斯小井眼电阻率短节23/8MPR-MechanicalDescriptionThe23/8〞MPRiscomposedoftwosections:theantennaSubandtheelectronicschassis.Thetoolcontainstwosectionswithreducedouterdiameterforimprovedflexibilityandincreaseddoglegcapability.TheuppersectionofthetoolcontainstheElectronicsChassisthathousesthetwoprintedcircuitboards.TheboardsareshieldedfromthedrillingfluidbyanInconel®4housing.Crossdrilledholesandlong,gundrilledpassages,connecttheboardstotheantennasaswellastoexternaltoolsinthedrillstring.Uppersection：electronicframeandhousing■

贝克休斯小井眼电阻率短节ThefourantennasoftheUSMPRareseparatecomponentsthathousetheferritesandantennawire.PEEK™5panelsprotecttheferritesfromexposuretodrillingfluids.Itwouldhavebeenpossibletomachinethemechanicalfeaturesoftheantennadirectlyintothewallsoftheantennasub.However,makingthecomponentsseparatepartsisolatesthestressconcentrationsassociatedwiththeferritepocketsandscrewholesthusextendingthelifeofthemoreexpensiveantennasub.Thisfeaturemakestheferritesmoreaccessibleforassemblyandmaintenance.Antennasection■

贝克休斯小井眼电阻率短节Toprotectagainstprematurewearfromcontactwiththeboreholewall,the2-3/8〞MPRhastwowearsleeves.Thesesacrificialpartshavelaser-cladhardfacingtoimprovewearlifeandarereplaceable.Eachantennaonthetoolhasamachinedpocketthatcontainsthecorrespondingtuningcircuitboards.Theseelectronicsareeasilyaccessibleviaaremovablehatchcoverlocatedadjacenttotherelatedantenna.Internallydrilledpassagescontainthewiringthatelectricallyconnectsallcomponents.WearSleevehatchcover■

贝克休斯小井眼电阻率短节■

贝克休斯小井眼电阻率短节Theoperationofthe23/8〞MPRisthesameasallthelargersizeMPRtoolsdevelopedbyBakerHughes.Thetwotransmitterantennaslocatedoutboardemittwoconstantfrequencypropagationsignalsat2MHzand400kHz.Thesignaltravelsthroughtheformationandisdetectedbythetworeceiverantennaslocatedinboard.Thetoolmeasurestherawsignalphase(velocity)andamplitudeforeachfrequencyfromeachtransmittertoreceivercombination.Thisis16measurements(8foreachfrequency).Fromthesemeasurements，thetoolcalculatescompensatedphasedifferenceandattenuationfromfartonearreceiver.Algorithmsinthesurfacesystemsoftwaretransformthiscompensatedphasedifferenceandattenuationintoaresistivityvalue.■

贝克休斯电阻率测量原理Inahighresistivity(lessconductive)formation，thesignalstravelatahighervelocitywithlessattenuation.Contrary，inalowresistivity(moreconductive)formation，thesignalstravelatalowervelocitywithhigherattenuation.Generally，thetoolismoreaccurateinlowresistivityformationsduetoahigherphasedifferenceandamplituderatio.Depthofinvestigation(DOI)increaseswithincreasingresistivity.The400kHzsignalpropagatesfurtherintotheformationthanthe2MHzsignal.Inlowresistivityformations，muchofthesignalisblockedfrompenetratingdeepintotheformation.Thiseffectbecomesworsewithincreasingconductivityofthedrillingfluid.■

贝克休斯电阻率测量原理■

贝克休斯连续油管导向工具Rib-SteeringMotor(RSM)ModuleTheRSMfitswithinthelowermostportionoftheCTD-BHA,immediatelyabovethebit.TheobjectoftheRSMistodelivertrueclosed-loopsteeringcapabilitytothe2-3/8〞CoilTrakBHA,therebyenablingthedrillingofalowtortuosityextendedreachmicrohole.TheRSMcontainsaNearBitInclinationsensorlocated6.89feetabovethebaseoftheRSM,immediatelyabovethemotorsection.ThemotorsectionisbasedonBakerHughesINTEQ’sX-tremedrillingmotor,whichcansupplyahighlevelofpowerandtorque.Directionalcontrolduringdrillingisprovidedbyasteeringhead,consistingofthreehydraulicallyTheoperationoftheRSMisrathersimple,atleastconceptually.Thesteeringribsextendfromthebodyofthetooltoexertaforceagainstthewallofthewellbore,whichcreatesabitsideforceinthedesireddirection.■

贝克休斯连续油管导向工具thesteeringribsofthe2-3/8〞RSMarefullyretracted,andextendedby8mm.Sinceane-lineconnectsthedownholehydrauliccontrolunitwiththesurfacecontrolsystem,boreholetrajectorycomesundertightdirectionalcontrolwiththissystem.Thisreducesboreholetortuosity(boreholetortuosityisanunpleasantfactwhendrillingwithbentmotors)whichresultsinreducedboreholefrictionandextendedreachmicroholes.■

贝克休斯连续油管导向工具该新型BHA可提高CTD作业的适应性，采用套管接箍定位器和伽玛射线传感器能够对钻头深度进行确认。钻头深度精确的判定在深井作业，特别是在寻找开窗点时，尤为关键。该定向工具能使CT司钻更好地控制井眼方向。反扭矩的影响能立即得到补偿。与第一代定向工具相比，工具面的改变能在钻进中进行，从而节省了很多时间。在切线段该定向器可用于旋转该BHA的动力局部，这就减少了为更换BHA组件而提下钻的需要。BHA的旋转可降低切线段的曲率，从而减少CT和安装在井中的任何完井装置下入时的阻力。来自内部压力和环空压力传感器的压力数据可以帮助司钻优化马达性能。压力监测有助于在欠平衡钻井中减少氮气的消耗量。对环空压力进行控制可优化机械钻速，并可用于监测井眼清洗效率。保持适当的井底压力，可将地层损害降至最小。电缆遥测装置可保证较高的数据传输率，有助于优化作业过程。数据传输与钻井期间使用的液体类型无关。该BHA目前仅利用了很少一局部电缆传输量，这将允许增加更多的传感器来提高BHA的地层评价能力。■

贝克休斯连续油管钻具组合特点■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻具组合■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻具组合●深度比照在CT作业中经常出现深度误差，这些都是由于当CT被推入井眼时其弯曲所致。其它一些因素,如因温度、管柱拉伸和在地面测量装置的滑动的影响而引起的伸长或压缩都会产生深度误差。在模拟这些情况的同时，总是有一些值不确定，如CT末端的位置及钻头的位置。该新型BHA内装有传感器，有助于降低深度测量上的误差。新型BHA中还包括有套管接箍定位传感器，这一装置可用来在套管内精确定位测量深度，这在再钻井中是很重要的，这样可确保造斜器的坐放位置及在随后的磨铣作业中可避开套管接头。在深井中，如果没有套管接箍定位器，深度误差就可使造斜器置于套管接头处。套管接箍定位器已用于确定套管磨铣段的位置，从而确定造斜点的位置。套管接箍定位器也可用于在刚进入裸眼井前校正井深。另一种用于深度校正的传感器是伽玛射线传感器。它可以通过识别地层或层位来确定深度。该传感器通常在裸眼段造斜以及钻造斜段时使用。这种深度校正方法依赖钻过的可识别地层的信息。不管怎样，只要存在这种可识别地层，伽玛射线传感器就能够提供一个最可靠的深度校正方法。■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻具组合■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻具组合●压力传感器环空压力的监测可在井眼不稳定或井眼清洗不好时提前告警，从而采取措施，减少这些问题的发生。优化钻井液流变性来提高井眼清洗，并将循环压力降致最小。因为数据是由电缆传输，那么该新型BHA可在泵送时或停泵时测量井底压力。由于小井眼中环空间隙小，因此井控变得更为关键。通过缩短井涌检测时间和在压井作业时更好地控制井下压力，使用环空压力测量可将井喷风险降致最低。在欠平衡钻井中，通常钻进过程中可能会发生地层流体进入井中的情况。因此，应采用压力传感器来优化这些液体和正在泵送的流体的流量，从而保持欠平衡的状态。在作业开始以前，特别是在钻气井时、或者是在钻进中有气体从地层中产出时，模拟气体流入井中所产生的影响是必不可少的。现有软件模型可以用来确定流动对井眼和对井眼清洗的影响，根据推荐的作业可制定可能发生的事故的处理方案。环空压力的检测将确保该井眼按照设计参数进行钻井，同时应有一个适宜于司钻进行井控操作超出这些参数的方案。■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻具组合■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻具组合●地面装置新型BHA使用的地面装置是根据目前应用于MWD/LWD和地质导向设备的软件进行设计的。该装置是把定向钻井、传感器及由BHA传输的岩石物理数据与地面测量结合起来。该解释软件把这些信息进行转换，并以现场指导小组可采用进行钻井过程优化的格式显示出来。该装置还可在一个高分辨率的监视器上同时显示许多不同的窗口。地面装置很容易获得不同窗口数据多座标图以及硬盘拷贝记录。为了保持CTD作业占地面积小、设备数量少，地面设备的需求量已降至最低程度。便携式计算机可用于接收及显示这些信息。如果CT控制室地方足够大，记录人员可在此工作。如CT控制室太小，该装置可以在任何适宜工作的地方建立，且现场并不需要记录室。子监视器可安放在CT控制室、用户代表室及现场工程师办公室内。如客户需要的话，通过采用卫星通讯，这些数据也能够在用户总部办公室内显示。■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻具组合●定向工具该新型BHA的主要特点之一是有一个改进的定向器。该设计防止了提离井底调整工具面的时间。该定向器由电力马达直接提供动力，并由安装于CT中的电缆控制。这就允许对该定向器进行实时定向。定向器可产生高达1000lbf·ft的扭矩，这足以克服BHA配合使用的钻井马达所产生的扭矩。该工具的工具面可以以1°的增量来转动，并可以顺时针或逆时针转动。这样，定向司钻可对BHA进行全面控制，使其能精确导向，进入目标层。通过将工具面数据输入到地面装置的计算机中来对工具面进行校正。除了增加控制外，该定向器还能在任何方向持续旋转。在CT钻井的一般机械钻速下，该定向器以1r/min的转速旋转，可降低井眼曲率；同时，这种旋转也减少了以往为改变BHA定向组件而起下钻的需要。旋转BHA动力段的能力将产生较直的切线段，这将降低CT的阻力，使其在过度弯曲或锁定以前可以向前钻进。小曲率井眼也使定向工作比较容易完成。■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻具组合TheVIPERslimholeCTDMWDandmotorsystemprovidesreal-timedrillinginformation,preciseorientationcontrolandpressuresensorstomonitorbottomholepressure.TheVIPERsystemisawireline-controlledbottomholeassembly(BHA)thatconsistsofadownholeorientingtoolfordirectionalcontrolandanMWDsystemfordirectionalmeasurements.Orienting-while-drillingensuresaccurate,continuousdirectionalcontrol.TheVIPERsystemusesanelectromechanicalorientingtoolthatrotatesineitherdirection,continuouslyorin1°increments,tocontrolthewellpath.ThedownholeadjustmentscanbemadeinrealtimebyinputtingthedesiredtoolfacecorrectionsintothesurfacecomputeroftheVIPERsystems.■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻井特点StraightandsmoothTheslow,continuousrotationoftheVIPERtoolenablesittodrillboreholesthatarestraighterandsmootherthancanbeachievedwithconventionalmethods.Generatingupto1000ft-Ibftorque,theVIPERtoolrotatesat1rpmtoeliminatetheeffectofthefixed-bendmotor.Thestraighterwellboreprovides:●

fasterpenetrationrates●

reduceddragandlongerreach●

easierrunningofcompletions●

moreefficientworkoveroperations●

betterholecleaning■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻井特点StayingontrackUsinggammarayandcasingcollarlocatorsensors,drillerscanreducethedepthdiscrepanciesoftenencounteredinCToperations.ThesediscrepanciesareusuallycausedbybucklingoftheCTasitispushedintothewellbore.ThegammaraysensorsoftheVIPERsystemidentifyformations,orhorizonswithinthem,forreliabledepthcorrelation.Thecasingcollarlocatorsensorisalsousefulduringreentrydrillingforaccuratedepthcontrol.TheVIPERsystemBHAcanbeorientedwhiledrilling.Finedownholeadjustmentsarepossiblebyinputtingthedesiredtoolfacecorrectionsintothesurfacecomputersystem.Theorientingtool'sabilitytoturncontinuouslyallowsthedrillertorotateandslidewhiledrillingcurvesandlaterals,resultinginfasterratesofpenetrationandlesstortuouswellpaths.■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻井特点■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻井特点StayingontrackLinkedtotheorientingtoolisareliableandrobustdirectionalsurveyingpackage.Azimuth,inclinationandtoolfacemeasurementsaretransmittedtothesurfacethroughitshighdataratewirelinetelemetrysystemtogivethedrillermorecontrolforsophisticatedwellpathsandtightertargets.Thetool'sgammaraysensorcanbeusedforgeologicalcorrelation.Thisallowsasimpleformofgeosteeringtoincreasetheaccuracyofthewellpath.Somegeologicalinterpretationispossibleandthegammaraysensorcanbeusedtorecognizemarkerformationsandsoaiddepthcorrelation.PressurecontrolTheVIPERsystemloggingmoduleusesadvancedpressuresensortechnologytomonitorinternal(CT)andexternal(annular)pressureduringdrilling,trippingandcirculatingthewell.Whendrillingunderbalancedwellswithagasifiedliquidfluid,theannularpressuresensorallowsgreatercontrolofthehydrostaticpressureactingonthereservoir.Thishelpsthedrillertoavoidkillingthewellanddamagingtheformationbyfluidsorsolidsinvasion.Thepressuresensormeasurementsarealsousedtokeepthemotorrunningatpeakperformanceformaximumpenetrationrates,andtopreventstalling(滞动).■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻井特点■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻井特点WorkingwiththewirelineUsingawirelinesystemfordatatransfermeansthantheVIPERtoolcantransmithighdatavolumesmuchfasterthansystemsthanrelyonmud-pulsetransmission.Drillinginformation,forexample,canbetransmittedatratesofaround100,000bitspersecondintheVIPERsystemwireline,comparedtoonly3~6bitspersecondinmudpulsetransmission.Wirelinetelemetrycantransmitdatatothesurfaceregardlessofthedrillingfluidbeingused.Dataaretransmittedequallywellinunderbalancedoroverbalancedconditions.Thedataratesareveryhigh,givingthedrilleralmostreal-timeinformationfromthesensors.Becausedatatransmissionisinstantaneous,notimeislostwaitingformudpulsestobeestablished.Thehighdata-transmissioncapacityofthewirelinewillallowtheadditionofotherLWDtoolstotheBHAinthefuture.■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻井特点Workingwiththewireline

Designedforeasymaintenanceandhandling,theVIPERtoolcanbesplitintotwoparts,eachwithbuilt-incheckvalvestoallowdeploymentintowellsunderpressure.Toollengthhasbeenminimizedtoaiddeploymentwithoutusingexcessivelylonglubricators,andmake-uptorquehasalsobeenminimized.Thetool'smodulardesignallowssensorstobereplacedquicklyandmakesiteasytoincorporateothersensorpackagesfordrillingdataorformationevaluation.Thesizeandconfigurationofthetoolallowshortradiuscurvestobedrilled.Toretainthebenefitsofthesmallfoot-printofacoiledtubingoperation,thesurfacedataacquisitionanddisplaysystemsarebasedonalaptopcomputerinstalledinthecoiledtubingcontrolcabin.DatafromtheBHAandthecoiledtubingunitarecombinedinonedisplay.Monitorscanbeinstalledinthecompanyrepresentative'sofficeandthecontrolcabin.Satellitetransmissionofthedatatotheoilcompany'sofficeisalsopossible.Withnoseparateloggingcabinrequired,rigsiteequipmentiskepttoaminimum.■

斯伦贝谢连续油管钻井特点Built-inbenefitsTheVIPERsystemisanintegralpartoftheCTDsystem.Designedtoworkinawiderangeoftemperaturesandpressures,itssensorscanwithstandthehighshockenvironmentencounteredatthebit.Thewirelinetelemetrysystemworksinallfluidsandcantransmitreal-timesensorandcontroldata,increasingtheengineer‘scontroloverthedrillingprocess.TheorientingtoolwillbringthegreatestbenefitstotheCTDprocess.Thetool’sorientationcanbecontinuouslyadjustedtoallowwellpathstobedrilledtoclosertolerances.Precisecorrectionsandchangestothetoolfaceorientationcanbemadewhiledrillingtoavoidnonproductivetime.ContinuousrotationoftheVIPERBHAaddsarotarycapabilitytoimprovedrillingperformanceandthecontroloverthewellpath.ByintegratingtheBHAintotheCTDprocess,theefficiencyofthewholeoperationhasbeenincreased.■斯伦贝谢岩屑床去除方法CopingwithcuttingsThetraditionalguidelinesforholecleaningusingunweighted,unviscosifiedfluidsareaminimumannularvelocityof0.25m/sinverticalholesand0.5m/sinhorizontalholes.Thesevaluesarelowerthanwouldnormallybeappliedinconventionaldrillingduetothehighdownholemotorrpmandlowweightonthebit,resultinginsmallercuttingswithcoiledtubingdrilling.TherearetwomajorpointsthatdifferentiateholedeaninginCTdrillingoperationsfromholecleaninginconventionalrotarydrilling:●

inrotarydrillingthedrillingfluidmustbeabletosupportthecuttingswhenthepumpsareswitchedoffwhilemakingaconnection;inCTdrilling,shuttingdownflowisinfrequent.●

inrotarydrillingtherotationofthedrillpipecontributestoholecleaningbycontinuallyentrainingthecuttingsbackintothemainstreamfromthelowersideofthehole:inCTdrillingthepipedoesnotrotateabovethemotor.■斯伦贝谢岩屑床去除方法CopingwithcuttingsThesedifferencesaresubstantialandcallfornewtechniquesfordesigningfluidsforCTdrilling.Thusthecentralrequirementforrotarydrilling-ahighyieldstressneithernecessarynorsufficientinCTdrilling.ArecentstudyofcuttingstransportinCTDwellsshowedthatholecleaningismoreefficientifalow-viscosityfluidispumpedinturbulentflowratherthanahigh-viscosityfluidinalaminarflow.Holedeaningwithaviscousfluidinalaminarflowisinefficientbecauseofthefluid'sinabilitytopickupthecuttingsonthelowsideofthehole;withconventionaldrillingtherotationofthestringisusedtorotatethecuttingsbedsandintroducethesolidsintotheflowpath.Toachieveturbulentflowrequireshigherpumpingrates,whicharelimitedbythedrculationpressureofthetubingandflowratethroughthedownholeequipment.CopingwithcuttingsThefluid'sinabilitytocleantheholemeansthatalternativemethodsmustbeapplied.OnewattohelpsolvetheholedeaningproblemistheuseofwipertripsAwipertripsimplyinvolvespullingtheBHAbadetoaselectedpointandthenredrillingasnecessarybacktothebottomofthehole.WipertripsmayberequiredfornumerousoperaRionalreasonsunconnectedwithholecleaning,buttheabilitytocirculatewhilerunningin-holeorpullingoutofholecanhelptoresolvecuttingstransportproblemsInadditiontothetraditionaldrillingmethodsofmonitoringdragandreturns,theCTDtechniqueusesanannularpressuremeasurementtomonitortrendsinannulusloading.Whencuttingsbedsareencountered,possiblesolutionsindude:■斯伦贝谢岩屑床去除方法Copingwithcuttings●progessivewipertrips:withcoiledtubingdrillingmorewipertripsarerequiredasasubstituteforrotaRionandtomonitorbedbuildupbehindtheBHA●rakingthelowsideoftheboreholetodearcuttingsfromlowspots:thebentsubisorienteddowntowardsthelowsideoftheholeandthebitisworkeduptheholeratherthandown.Cuttingsbedsoftendevelopinthebuildsectionevenwhenthehorizontalsectionofthewellboreisclear.Thedrillermustbecareful.whenpullingintothebuildsection,nottowedgetheBHAinthecuttingsbedandriskitbecomingstuck.Whenpullingoutofhole,thebitwillshiftthecuttingsupthehole.Cuttingsfromthewipertripwillaccumulate.Thismeansthatthecuttingsbedwillreachmaximumthicknessjustabovethebitandmaycausesticking.Oncethecuttingshaveformedabed,onlythebitorturbulentflowcanmovethem.■斯伦贝谢岩屑床去除方法■斯伦贝谢岩屑床去除方法Whenacoiledtubingdrillstringisbeingpulledoutofhloe,cuttingswillbedrawnuptheholebythebitandwillaccumulateasshown.■斯伦贝谢岩屑床去除方法Whenacoiledtubingdrillstringisbeingrunintothehloe,cuttingswillfalloutofsuspension.HydraulicRatchetingOrienterTheWeatherfordhydraulicratchetingorienterusesfluidpressurefromthesurfacemudpumpstoorientthebottomholeassembly(BHA)inconventionalthru-tubingandslim-holecoiled-tubing(CT)operations.Economicalandeasytooperate,theWeatherfordorienteriscompatiblewithallstandardcoildrilling,adjustablemotor,andmeasurement-while-drilling(MWD)equipment.ApplicationsTheWeatherfordorienterisarequiredpartoftheCTBHAinafluiddrillingoperationandisrunabovetheMWDtoolanddrillingmotorassembly.Otherapplicationsinclude:●overbalancedCTdirectionalandhorizontaldrilling;●

thru-tubingandconventionalre-entries;●

thru-tubingfishingandpipe-recoveryoperations;●

thru-tubingwhipstockandwindow-millingoperations.■

连续油管定向工具HydraulicRatchetingOrienterFeatures,Advantages,Benefits●Thespring-assisteddesign,togetherwiththeactivationchamberflowpath,facilitatesreliableindexingandinstantaneousresets,reducingtimerequiredfordrillingandorienting.TheshortoveralllengthallowsthetooltobeservicedattherigandhelpstominimizeBHAlengths.●

Wideflowrangeandnozzleadjustmentspredicatetheefficientuseofalldownholemotorsandoptimizeholecleaningduringthedrillingprocess.●

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