江西省多地区多校联考2024-2025学年高一下学期3月月考英语试题（含答案）

绝密★启用前2024-2025学年下学期江西省第一次学情联合检测高一英语试卷试卷共8页，67小题，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.考试范围：必修第一册~必修第二册Unit4。2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡指定位置上。3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoing?A.Lookingforthelostpurse.B.Givingthepursetothepolice.C.Waitingforthepurse’sowner.2.Whenwillthetrainstart?A.At9:00.B.At9:10.C.At9:15.3.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Waiterandcustomer.C.Teacherandstudent.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirsummerholidays.B.TheirfirstEnglishclass.C.Theman’sEnglishteacher.5.Whatistheweatherlike?A.Cold.B.Warm.C.Windy.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatcolorshoesdoesthemanwant?A.White.B.Black.C.Red.7.Whydoesthemanchoosefootballshoes?A.Theyarehardtogetdirty.B.Theyarecomfortabletowear.C.Theyaresuitableforamatch.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhywillJanecometothespeakers’city?A.Toattendaparty.B.Toattendameeting.C.Toattenduniversity.9.HowwillthespeakerspickJaneup?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytaxi.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whowillgivethelecture?A.ProfessorWu.B.Mrs.Smith.C.Mary.11.What’sthelectureabout?A.Firesafety.B.Anxietyreduction.C.Environmentalprotection.12.Wherewillthelecturebeheld?A.Intheclassroom.B.Inthelecturehall.C.Inthedininghall.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatwasthewoman’sfirstdestination?A.TheGreatWall.B.Anartmuseum.C.Someuniversities.14.Whatwastheman’soriginalplan?A.GoingtoHangzhou.B.VisitingtheSummerPalace.C.Helpinglookafterhisgrandmother.15.Whathappenedtotheman’sgrandmother?A.Shecaughtacold.B.Shegotherfeethurt.C.Shefelltotheground.16.Howlongwastheman’sgrandmotherinhospital?A.For2days.B.For5days.C.For30days.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatwasthefocusofthesurvey?A.Whatstudentsusesmartphonesfor.B.Howsmartphonesarepopularwithstudents.C.Whatkindsofsmartphonesstudentsusemost.18.Whatdidthesurveybeginwith?A.Aninterview.B.Aheateddebate.C.Aquestionnaire.19.HowdidLucyfeelattheagreementthatstudentsreached?A.Surprised.B.Satisfied.C.Upset.20.What’stheopinionoftheteachers?A.Studentsshouldusesmartphonesforstudy.B.Smartphonesshouldbeforbiddenintheschool.C.Studentsshouldreducethetimeofusingsmartphones.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ACourseReservesCourseReservesisalibraryservicethatsupportsinstructorsandstudentsbyprovidingdigitalandphysicalitemsforcourses.ForInstructors*Organizereadingsbysectionsorbytopic.*Linktoaffordableandaccessibleresources.*Requestthepurchaseofresourcesnotinthelibrarycollection.*Use“DiscusswiththeLibrary”toaskquestionsandgetupdatesonyourreadings.ThingsforInstructorstoKnow*Instructorscanrequestanytypeofmaterialtosupportteachingincludingitemsfromourcollection,freewebsites,anditemsthatneedtobepurchased.Ifyourequirestudentstousephysicalitems,youshouldindicatethatwhensubmittingyourlist.*Eachsemester,listsmustbesenttothelibrary(clickMylistisready)inorderforstudentstoseethelist.Wefirstlookforonlineaccess.Ifwecannotlocateanitemindigitalformat,thenwemaypurchasetheiteminprint.*Wecanlicensesomestreamingvideoanddigitizephysicalmedia.WedonothaveaccesstocommercialplatformssuchasNetflix.*Physicalcoursepacksandworkbooksmaynotbeplacedonreserve.*Physicalitemsareremovedfromlibraryreservesattheendofeachsemester.ForStudentsIfyourinstructorputitemsonreserve,youcanfindalistinCanvas.Physicalitems,suchasbooksorDVDs,canbecheckedoutandusedfor2hoursatatime.ImportantDatesInordertoreviewandobtainmaterialforyourcourse,weaskthatyousubmityourlistswellinadvanceofthestartofclasses.Priorityisgiventorequestssubmittedbeforethefollowingdates:Fallsemester:August15Springsemester:December1Summersession:April151.Wherecaninstructorslearntheupdateofreadings?A.OnNetflix. B.OnCanvas.C.OnMylistisready. D.OnDiscusswiththeLibrary.2.What’saruleforstudentstousephysicalitems?A.Keepthemfor2hoursonce. B.Avoidusingphysicalmedia.C.Putphysicalitemsonreserve. D.Removephysicalitemseachsemester.3.Whatisthetext?A.Ablogpost. B.Anewsreport.C.Anannouncement. D.Abookreview.BAtanagewhenchildrenarebusyclimbingmonkeybarsandbenches,12-year-oldSamyaMaulikfromAhmedabad,Gujaratisbusyconqueringtoweringpeaks.FromcompletingtheEverestBaseCamp(EBC)trek(跋涉)attheageofninetobecomingtheyoungestpersonintheworldtofinishthetoughChadarTrekateleven,Samyaisalivingtestamenttodetermination,perseverance,andasupportivefamily.Herfatherlovestrekkingandshowedherphotosofhisprevioustreks.Inspiredbyherfather,SamyatookherfirstadventureinManaliattheyoungageofsix.ItwasthebeginningofapassionthatwouldsoonleadhertotheEverestBaseCampatthetenderageofnine.“Thatexperiencegavemetheconfidencetotakeonanychallenge,”Samyasaid.Trekkingcomeswithitsshareofhardships.Fromdehydration(脱水)atEBCtothebittercoldoftheChadarTrek,Samyahasfaceditall.Themainproblemwaseatingraworundercookedfood.Thewaterwasn’tpurified,sotheyusedpurificationtablets.Butthatmadeittastebitter,sotheyaddedsugartomakeitdrinkable.Samyalearnedalessonthatpainwasanintegralpartofsuccess,soSamya’sdeterminationandwillpowerremainedunshaken.Samyapraisesherparentsfortheirsolidsupport.Herfather,whohasbeentrekkingforover20years,playsanimportantroleinherpreparation.“Everynight,wewouldgowalkingasafamily.Wedidexercisestogether.Myfathertrainsmeandteachestheessentialsoftrekking,”shesays.Hermother’scontributionisequallysignificant.“WhenIwassmall,mymothertookmetoyogaclassesformyhealthandfitness.I’vebeendoingyogasinceIwasfive,”saysSamya,whobelievesheryogatraininghasgreatlyenhancedherflexibility,breathing,andmentalfocus.Lookingahead,Samyalookstocompletethehighestpeaksoneachcontinent.Sheisalsocurrentlytrainingforthefollowingbigadventure:theAconcaguatrekinArgentina,thehighestpeakinSouthAmerica.Alongsidetrekking,shehasalsodevelopedapassionforweightliftinganddreamsofcompetingintheOlympicsoneday.4.WhathappenedtoSamyaattheageofsix?A.Shestartedherfirsttrekking. B.Shebeganheryogatraining.C.ShecompletedtheEBCtrek. D.ShefinishedtheChadarTrek.5.WhatdidSamyameaninthefourthparagraph?A.Trekkingneedsdetailedpreparations. B.Sheappreciatesherparents’support.C.Herparentsarestrictwithhertraining. D.Trekkingisatoughexperienceforher.6.What’sthefollowinggoalofSamya?A.Trekoneachcontinentwithherparents. B.CompeteintheOlympics.C.Trainfortheweightliftingcompetition. D.ConquertheAconcaguatrek.7.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.ASuccessfulAttempttoClimbAPeak B.AGirlConqueringPeaksSuccessfullyC.AnAccidentLeadingAGirltoSuccess D.AClimberMeetingImpossibleChallengesCWhetheryou’llbebreakinggroundonyourfirstvegetablegardenoryou’rethinkingofexpandinganexistingplot(小块土地),youhavechoicestomake.Thefirstdecisionconcernsjusthowyou’llsetupyourgarden.Plantingvegetablesinanin-groundgarden,oftencalledarowgarden,isatraditionalway.Thebiggestbenefitofthistechniqueisthatthereislittleinitialcost.Plus,anin-groundgardentypicallyneedstobewateredlessfrequentlythanraisedbeds.However,thistypeofplotisgenerallymoreworktomaintain.That’sbecauseplantsgrowingatgroundlevelaremoreaccessibletoinsects,pestsorlargeranimals.Also,therow-gardensoilisslowertowarmupinspringandmoresubjecttolatefrosts,meaningtheseasonisn’tquiteaslong.Ibecamearaisedbedgardenerabout20yearsago.I’vefoundraisedbedstobefarlessworkthanmypreviousin-groundgardens.Therearefewerweedsandthebedswarmupearlyinspring,allowingforextra-earlyplanting.Plus,raisedbedsallowmetoplantintensivelyandmaximizemysquarefootage.Therewastheinitialinvestmentofmaterialsandtimeneededtobuildandfillthebeds.Hugelkulturgardeningisatraditionaltechniquethatembracesno-digmethods.Thisisagreatwaytogrowvegetablesaswellasfruitslikestrawberriesandblueberries.Thebeditselfisapileoforganicmaterialslikebranchesandleavesandiscoveredwithsoil.Ittakesyearsforthebedtobreakdown,anditcreatesanutrient-richenvironmentforplants.Italsoholdswaterverywellandrequiresnoirrigation(灌溉)onceestablished.Beforebuildingahugelkulturgarden,you’llneedtogatheryourmaterialsandcleartheareaofweedsandstones.Perhapstheeasiestwaytogetstartedinfoodgardeningistousepots,planters,windowboxesandothertypesofcontainers.Youcanevenupcycleitemslikebuckets.Theadvantageofcontainergardeningisthatitturnsanysunnyspaceintoaplacetogrowfood.Onthedownside,thereisaninitialcostofcontainers.Pluspotsdryoutquickerthangardenbedsinthehotsummersun.You’llneedtopayverycloseattentiontowatering.It’salsoimportanttofertilize(施肥)pottedvegetablesregularly.8.Whydoesanin-groundgardenneedregularcare?A.Itsuffersanimalattackeasily. B.Ithasalongplantingseason.C.Itishighincostatthebeginning. D.Itisslowtowarmupinwinter.9.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor?A.Hespendsalotofmoneyingardening. B.Heisagreenhandinplanting.C.Heistiredofeatingvegetables. D.Hehasrichgardeningexperience.10.What’stheadvantageofahugelkulturgarden?A.Highproductionispredictable. B.Plantscangrowinanutritiousenvironment.C.Theweedremovingcanbeavoided. D.Awarmenvironmentiscreatedforplants.11.What’simportantforacontainergarden?A.Usingdifferentcontainers. B.Dryingthecontainersintime.C.Providingenoughwaterandnutrients. D.Coveringthecontainerswithblankets.DLastSeptember,theFederalTradeCommission(FTC)tooklegalactionagainstthecompanybehindanAIwritingtoolandcontentproducercalledRytr.TheFTCaccusedRytrofofferingaservicethatcouldpollutethemarketplacewithfake(假的)reviews.TheFTC,whichbannedthesaleorpurchaseoffakereviewsin2024,saidsomeofRytr’sbuyersusedthetooltoproducehundredsandperhapsthousandsofreviews.TheTransparencyCompanyisatechnologycompanyandpublicprotectiongroupthatusessoftwaretodiscoverfakereviews.Forarecentlyreleasedreportthecompanyexamined73millionreviewsinthreeareas:home,legalandmedicalservices.Nearly14percentofthereviewswerelikelyfake.Thecompanyexpresseda“highdegreeofconfidence”that2.3millionreviewswerepartlyorentirelyAI-produced.False,orfake,reviewshavelongappearedonmanypopularwebsitesacrossawiderangeofindustries,frome-commerceandtraveltoservicessuchashomerepairs,medicalcareandmusiclessons.ThoughsomecompaniesaregivinguserssomeabilitytouseAI,theyalreadyusespecialprogramsandinvestigativeteamstofindandeliminatefakereviews.TheCoalitionforTrustedReviews,whichAmazon,Trustpilot,Glassdoor,Tripadvisor,ExpediaandBooking.comlaunchedlastyear,saidthateventhoughpeoplemayputAItoillegaluse,thetechnologyalsopresents“anopportunitytopushbackagainstthosewhoseektousereviewstomisleadothers”.TheFTC’srulebanningfakereviews,whichtookeffectinOctober,permitstheagencytofinebusinessesandindividualswhotakepartinfakereviews.Techcompanieshostingsuchreviewsareprotectedfromthepunishment.ThisisbecausetheyarenotlegallyresponsibleunderU.S.lawforthecontentthatoutsiderspostontheirwebsites.“Theireffortssofararenotnearlyenough,”saidKayDean,aformerfederalcriminalinvestigatorwhorunsapublicprotectiongroupcalledFakeReviewWatch.“Ifthesetechcompaniesaresocommittedtoremovingreviewontheirplatforms,whyisitthatI,oneindividualwhoworkswithnoautomation,canfindhundredsoreventhousandsoffakereviewsonanygivenday?”12.WhatwasRytrchargedwith?A.Offeringillegalwritingtools. B.Lettingoutonlineusers’privacy.C.Allowinguserstoproducefakecontents. D.Misleadingitsuserstobuyfakeproducts.13.WhatdidtherecentreportbytheTransparencyCompanyshow?A.Onlinereviewscovermanyaspects. B.Mostonlinereviewsarefakeorfalse.C.AIispowerfultoidentifyfakeinformation. D.ManyonlinereviewsarelikelyproducedbyAI.14.Whichofthefollowingcanrefertotheunderlinedword“eliminate”inPara.3?A.Add. B.Defend. C.Remove. D.Ignore.15.WhatdoesKayDeanthinkoftheeffortsbytechnologycompanies?A.Abitsurprising. B.Farfromsatisfying.C.Extremelyhelpful. D.Muchtoouseless.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Youmightwanttoimproveyourpersonalityifyoujustmovedtoanewschool,gotanewjob,orsimplybecauseyouwanttobeyourbestversionofyourself.Youcandevelopagoodpersonalitywiththetipsbelow!Readsomethingeveryday.____16____Keepupwiththecurrentnewsbyreadingafewarticlesonyourphone.Oropenanovelandreadachapterortwo.Thiswillhelpstimulateyourmindandgiveyouthingstodiscusswithothers.____17____Fromyourreadings,begintoformyourownopinionsaboutthecurrenteventsoftoday.Youmightfindthatotherswillbedebatingtheissuearoundyousoon.Soyou’llwanttohavesomethingtocontribute.Makesureyoutellyourpointswithgraceandlogic.Practiceafunhobby.Themostfunandenjoyablepeoplearen’ttheoneslockedupathomewatchingNetflixallday!____18____Findingsomethingthatyouenjoycanhelpconnectyoutootherswhilealsoarousingyourinterest.Forinstance,youmighttryhorsebackriding,swimming,orjoiningafitnessclass.Newaddictionscanhelptestthelimitsofyourcomfortzoneandhelpyoutogrow.____19____Dosomethingjustforyoudaily.Thepeoplewiththebestpersonalitiesareusuallythosewhoarethehappiest.____20____Youmightchoosetoplaybasketball,getsomeicecream,watchamovie,orgotodinnerwithafriend.Whenyou’refeelingcrabby(易怒的)throughoutyourday,improveyourmoodbywatchingafunnyvideoorsearchingforfunnypictures.A.Mindyouropinion.B.Developyourviews.C.Somakesuretotryoutnewhobbiesaswell.D.Makeyourselfhappybydoingsomethingfunforyou.E.Spendtimeeachweekconnectingwiththoseclosesttoyou.F.Instead,they’reoutandintodoingfunandproductivethings.G.Apartofimprovingyourpersonalityisexpandingyourknowledge.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Yesterdayalongtimefriendwehadn’tseenformanyyearsvisitedus.Sherecentlylostherhusbandofover40yearsold.Feelingpainfulaboutthe____21____,sheusuallylockedherselfinherhouse.____22____shegrewupinabeachfrontcommunitynotfarfromus,we____23____toinvitehertovisitit.Severaldayslater,we____24____hercall,askingustotakeadrivethere.Shewas____25____toseethehousewhereshewasbroughtup.Afterwearrivedatthe____26____,wetooksomepictures.Shedecidedtoringthebellandseeifanyonemightbeathome.Mixed____27____wereseenfromherface.Asmilecrossedherface,maybebecauseshewas____28____herchildhoodorshewasthinkingaboutherfamily.Shelookeduneasy,maybebecauseshewas____29____shewouldberefusedtoenterthehouse._____30_____,theownerwasindeedthere,atrulylovelywomanwhohad_____31_____thehomefrommyfriend’sparentsincashalmost50yearsago.Shewasso_____32_____astoinvitemyfriendinandshowedheraroundthehouse.Theyseemedtotalkthereandwhentheycameoutmyfriendintroducedustoher.Shewassowarmanditwaslikehavinga_____33_____withanoldfriend.Andaswewere_____34_____,shetoldmetodropbyagain.Beyondourexpectation,theexperiencestartedafriendshipbetweenthemandledmyfriendto_____35_____fromhergreatsorrow.21.A.future B.attack C.event D.threat22.A.Nowthat B.Incase C.Onconditionthat D.Eventhough23.A.agreed B.preferred C.attempted D.failed24.A.received B.made C.fixed D.updated25.A.upset B.embarrassed C.confident D.eager26.A.reserve B.location C.gallery D.stream27.A.plans B.emotions C.functions D.applications28.A.breakingawayfrom B.keepingtrackof C.makingfunof D.lookingbackon29A.disappointed B.alarmed C.puzzled D.concerned30.A.Immediately B.Particularly C.Luckily D.Possibly31.A.visited B.bought C.borrowed D.observed32.A.familiar B.careful C.rich D.kind33.A.look B.chat C.taste D.break34.A.parting B.talking C.meeting D.adapting35.A.recover B.suffer C.result D.defend第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。RicenoodlesplayakeyroleinthedailylivesofpeopleinGuangxiZhuangautonomousregionandSoutheastAsia.InGuangxi,thesenoodlesare____36____importantpartofmeals,enjoyedforbreakfastorasquickdinnersthroughouttheday.InSoutheastAsia,ricenoodlesmakeupdailydining,____37____(offer)anumberofdeliciouschoices.Guangxiricenoodles,aswell____38____SoutheastAsianricenoodles,aremadefromriceastheirmainingredient,resultinginasharedfoundationdespitedifferentproduction____39____(approach).Besides,theycanbepreparedthroughboiling,stir-frying,____40____blanching(焯),whichmainlydependsondiversetastesandpersonalpreferences.However,theyaredifferentinproduction.Guangxiricenoodles____41____(press)firstandfinallytheycomeinroundandflatforms.Forexample,Nanning’snoodleismadeupofwetriceflour.IndonesiandishessuchasSambalTerasifeatureshrimppasteandchili,whileThairicenoodles____42____(typical)featurelemongrassandkaffirlimeleaves.Iningredientsandseasonings(调料),Guangxiricenoodlesareservedwithbrokenmeat,cilantro,snowpeas,beans,andflowers.Variousseasoningssuchaschilioilandvinegarareadded____43____(ensure)goodflavors.However,Vietnamesericenoodlesincludebeefslices,beansprouts,cilantro,andaclearflavorfulbroth.What’smore,rootedinthelocalandregionalculture,Guilinricenoodlesstandforthearea’suniquetraditions,featuringa____44____(strike)tasteofvinegarandpepper.____45____(inspire)byChineseandIndiancuisines,Thairicenoodlesofferauniquelocalflavor.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，为了迎接即将到来的学校篮球赛，你想邀请Mike本周日下午去体育馆和篮球队一起练习，现在请你写封邮件邀请他。内容包括：1.写信目的；2.相关事项（练习时间、地点、目的）。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。DearMike,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整短文。Ilovedbeingateacher,butforyearsIhadworkedasalibrarian.However,thetimingwasneverrightformetogobacktoschool.Finally,thetimecameandIreceivedmymediaspecialistdegree.Butmybiggestchallengewasyettocome.Iwantedtofindajobasamediaspecialistinanearbyelementaryschool,butthosepositionswerehardtoget.Thenewschoolyearstarted.AsthemonthspassedfromAugusttoDecemberwithoutanyjobprospects,myoptimismandfaithbegantofail.Tostaypositive,Ilistenedrepeatedlytoseveralupliftingsongsinthecaronmycommutetomyson’sschoolandmyjob.InthebeginningofJanuarythatschoolyear,Isawajobpostedonlineforamediaspecialistposition,butitwasontheoppositesideoftownfromwheremysonwasattendingschool.Mymindwasfilledwithquestions.HowwouldIgetmysontoschoolifmyjobwasontheothersideoftownandIhadtoworkanhourearlierthanhisschoolstarted?ShouldIstillapply?IknewIhadtohavefaith,soIappliedforthejob,butIdidn’thearanythingforweeks.Iplayedmyupliftingmusicsomuchthatmyson,whoknewthewords,wouldsingalong.Itriedtostaypositive.Yet,bytheendofJanuary,Istartedtodoubtmyself.Aftercookingdinner,Idecidedtotakeashower,gradeafewpapers,andgotobed.Ifeltdefeatedandwantedtogiveupbelieving.Nevertheless,whileIwasintheshower,IwonderedifIwouldfindajobasamediaspecialist.IgotoutoftheshowerandasIdriedoff,Ilookedatthemirrorandsawasymbolontheglass.Itlookedlikeawordwhichafingerhaddrawnonthemirror.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。Istaredatthesymbolforafewseconds,tryingtofindoutwhatitlookedlike.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThecallwasfromtheschooltowhichIhadapplied,requestinganinterview._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________