2024年高考北京卷英语真题

2024年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语（北京卷）

第一部分:学问运用（共两节,45分）

第一节单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分,共15分）

从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳

选项，

并在答题卡上:将该项涂黑。

例：it'ssonicetohearfromheragain,welastmet

morethanthirtyyearsago.

A.what'smore

B.That'stosay

C.Inotherwords

D.Believeitornot

答案是九

1.-Hi,T'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven，tseenyou

around?

-Hello,Peter.I'mBob.IjustonMonday.

A.start

B.havestarted

C.started

D.hadstarted

2.wedon，tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsand

plantsintheworldwillbegone.

A.Although

B.While

C.If

D.Until

3.alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingand

rewardingexperience

A.Travel

B.Traveling

C.Havingtraveled

D.Traveled

4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteer

intheneighborhood,whenIvisitedherlastyear

A.isworking

B.wasworking

C.hasworked

D.hadworked

5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit

A.which

B.who

C.as

D.that

6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoften

gathertogetherameal,admirethemoonandenjoymoon

cakes.

A.share

B.toshare

C.havingshared

D.shared

7.China'shigh-speedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000

kilometersinthepastfewyears.

A.aregrowing

B.havegrown

C.willgrow

D.hadgrown

8.Inanyunsafesituation,simplythebuttonanda

highly-trainedagentwi11getyouthehelpyouneed.

A.press

B.topress

C.pressing

D.pressed

9.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho

inthemountainsfortwodays.

A.aretrapping

B.havebeentrapped

C.weretrapping

D.hadbeentrapped

10.Ordinarysoap,correctly,candealwithbacteria

effectively.

A.used

B.touse

C.using

D.use

11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewearenow.

A.how

B.when

C.where

D.why

12.Tntoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacause

seriousproblemsforacompany.

A.need

B.should

C.can

D.must

13.Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyafew

morekilometers.

A.drove

B.wou1ddrive

C.weretodrive

D.haddriven

14.-Goodmorning,Mr.lee'soffice.

-Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointmentnext

Wednesdayafternoon.

A.for

B.on

C.in

D.at

15.Thisismyfatherhastaughtme-toalwaysface

difficultiesandhopeforthebest.

A.how

B.which

C.the

D.what

其次节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

阅读下面短文，驾驭其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个

选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

TheHomelessHero

Formany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith£400

incashwouldbeasource（来源）oftemptation（诱惑）.Butthe

16wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreets

withlittlefoodandmoney.Allofthismakestheactionsof

thehomelessTomSmith17moreremarkable.

Afterspottinga18onthefrontseatinsidea

parkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainfor

abouttwohourswaitingforthe19toreturn.

Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he20insideand

pulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact

（联系）thedriver,onlyto21itcontained£400innotes,

withanother£50insparechangebesideit.

Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter

22anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthe

car'sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrence

returnedtothecar-whichwasitselfworth£35,000—inGlasgow

citycentre,theywere23tofindtwopolicemenstanding

nexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthat

thewalletwas24.

ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis_

25.

Mr.Andersonsaid："〃Icouldn'tbelievethattheguy

nevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreets

tonight26hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidfora

placetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand27hedidn'ttake

thewalletforhimself；hethoughtaboutothers28it's

unbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare29guysoutthere.”

Mr.smith,sact30muchofthepublic,sattention.

HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson

31abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.

NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto32

moneyfor

Mr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichby

yesterdayhadreceived£8,000.“Ithinkthefaiththat

everyonehasshown33himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeen

approachinghiminthestreet;he，shaTjob34andal1

sorts,"Mr.Andersoncommented.

ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing35,

Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeserves

another.

16.

A.hope

B.aim

C.urge

D.effort

17.

A.still

B.even

C.ever

D.once

18.

A.wallet

B.bag

C.box

D.parcel

19.

A.partner

B.colleague

C.owner

D.policeman

20.

A.turned

B.hid

C.stepped

D.reached

21.

A.discover

B.collect

C.check

D.believe

22.

A.taking

B.leaving

C.reading

D.writing

23.

A.satisfied

B.excited

C.amused

D.shocked

24.

A.safe

B.missing

C.found

D.seen

25.

A.service

B.support

C.kindness

D.encouragement

26.

A.when

B.if

C.where

D.because

27.

A.rather

B.yet

C.already

D.just

28.

A.too

B.though

C.again

D.instead

29.

A.honest

B.polite

C.rich

D.generous

30.

A.gave

B.paid

C.cast

D.drew

31.

A.learned

B.posted

C.cared

D.heard

32.

A.borrow

B.raise

C.save

D.earn

33.

A.of

B.at

C.for

D.in

34.

A.details

B.changes

C.offers

D.applications

35.

A.lesson

B.adventure

C.chance

D.challenge

其次部分:阅读理解（共两节,40分）

第一节（共15小题:每小题2分,共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、DI四个选项中，选出最仁选

项，并

在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

MyFirstMarathon（马拉松）

Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswas

injuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingme

onlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.

1rememberbacktomy7thyearinschocl.InmyfirstP.E.

class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhita

softball.Ididn，tdoeitherwell.Helaterinformedmethat

Iwas“notathletic”.

TheideathatIwas"notathletic〃stuckwithmeforyears.

WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattle

againstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwas

athletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyand

mind.Atestofwills!

Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn，teven

findthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butready

toprovesomethingtomyself.

Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces（鞋

带）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartI

wanted!

Atmile3,Ipassedasign:"GOFORIT,RUNNERS!

Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredankle

hurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabit

andthenrunningagain.

Bymile21,Iwasstarving!

AsIapproachedmile23,1couldseemywifewavingasign.

Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksounding

at4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.

Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!

AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethat

theguywhocameinfirstplacehad.

Determinedtobemyself,,moveforward,freeofshameand

worldlylabels（世俗标签），Icannowcallmyselfa"marathon

winner.

36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor_.

A.waswelltrained

B.feltscared

C.madeuphismindtorun

D.Losthope

37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7th

year?

A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.

B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.

C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.

D.Toshareapreciousmemory.

38.Howwastheauthor*sfirstmarathon?

A.Hemadeit.

B.Hequithalfway.

C.Hegotthefirstprize.

D.Hewalkedtotheend.

39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?

A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.

B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.

C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.

B

FindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)Center

Ifyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceand

AviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffers

programsdesignedtochailengeandinspirewithhands-ontasks

andlotsoffun.

Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseeking

employmentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineand

awidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wanting

toknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andthey

leavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey,restudying

intheclassroom.

Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatway

toearnmeritbadges（荣誉徽章）.AtSpaceCamp,traineescan

earntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodel

rockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated（模拟）

flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.The

AviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearn

theirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightand

testtheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit（驾驶舱）ofavariety

offlightsimulators.Traineesalsogetagoodstartontheir

WildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-and

land-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchand

rescueof“downed"pilot.

Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearn

theimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.

Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescan

enjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprograms

forfami1ieswithchi1drenasyoungas7.

Stayanhourorstayaweek-thereissomethingherefor

everyone!

Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat

oursac.

40.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?

A.Toexperienceadventures.

B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.

C.Togetadegreeinengineering.

D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.

41.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneeds

to.

A.flytospace.

B.getanAviationbadgefirst.

C.studytheprinciplesofflight.

D.bui1dandfiremodelrockets.

42.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?

A.Leadership.

B.Teamspirit.

C.Taskplanning.

D.Survivalskills.

C

Plastic-EatingWorms

Humansproducemorethan300milliontensofplasticevery

year.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋场）,

andupto12miIliontonspollutetheoceans.qSofarthereis

noeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsan

answermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.

ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthe

wormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,which

accountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormson

acommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthe

wormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost

3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnot

responsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,the

researchersmadesomewormsintopaslc（糊状物）andapplied

ittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%of

theirmass-apparent]ybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromthe

worms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrent

Biologyin2024.

FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saysthe

worms*abilitytobreakdowntheireveryday

food-beeswax-alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic"Waxis

acomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,the

carbon-carbonbond,isthere

aswell,〃sheexplains."Thewaxwormevolvedamethodor

systemtobreakthisbond.〃

JenniferDebruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityof

Tennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnot

surprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.But

comparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreaking

downinthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,will

betoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzyme

producedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（肠道微生

物）？

Bcrtocchiniagreesandhopeshertcam,sfindingsmightone

dayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.

Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrial

process-notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopofthe

plastic.”

43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?

A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.

B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.

C.Theycanconsumeplastics.

D.Theywindupinlandfills.

44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthe

studyisto_.

A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdown

B.findoutthesourceoftheenzyme

C.confirmtheresearchfindings

D.increasethebreakdownspeed

45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthe

chemicalmight_.

A.helptoraiseworms

B.helpmakeplasticbags

C.beusedtocleantheoceans

D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture

46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.

B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.

C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.

D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.

D

PreparingCitiesforRobotCars

Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemed

likeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializinginthe

realworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCalifornia

DepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilfor

companiestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.The

statealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentout

self-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxi

services.California,itshouldbenoted,isn，tloadingtheway

here.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincities

acrossthecountry.It'shardtopredictwhen

driverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthowever

longittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeour

transportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,

dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.

Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthe

safetyofdriver!esscars(andrightfullyso),policymakers

alsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelp

reducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermore

convenient,affordable

mobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisa

chancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentally

friendlyandmoreshared.

Dowewanttocopy-orevenworsen-thetrafficoftoday

withdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsown

individualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slow

journeystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycan

work,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,which

encouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoan

appointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuilding

toavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblocks

topickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendthe

self-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeople

totakepublictransportanunwelcomesideeffect

researchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing（叫车）

services.

AstudyfromtheLnivorsityofCaliforniaatDavissuggested

thatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewith

electric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbon

emissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostof

transportationinfrastructure

（基础设施）andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsand

cheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommercially

availabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedby

ride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-driving

technologyaswe11asliabilityandmaintenanceissues（责任

与维护问题）.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthe

pricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththe

technology.

Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowto

makesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn，textend

theworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystem

wehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresents

achanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportation

systemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,and

moreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejust

havetoplanforit.

47.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidto

howdriverlesscarscan.

A.helpdealwithtransportation-relaiedproblems

B.providebetterservicestocustomers

C.causedamagetoourenvironment

D.makesomepeoplelosejobs

48.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor,smajor

concern?

A.Safety.

B.Sideeffects.

C.Affordability.

D.Management.

49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded“inParagraph

4probablymean?

A.Employed.

B.Replaced.

C.Shared.

D.Reduced.

50.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetothefutureof

self-drivingcars?

A.Doubtful.

B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.

D.Sympathetic

其次节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

依据短义内容，从短义后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的

最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

WhyDoWeGetAngry?

Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthe

causesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeus

examineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasons

wegetangryaretriggering（触发）events,personalitytraits

（特征），andourassessmentofsituations.51

Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribe

themallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesome

examples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineappro