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话题5饮食文化与健康饮食
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024·衡水中学第四次综合素养测评)
Weald&DownlandLivingMuseum
Funfact
Over50historicbuildingsfromacrosstheWealdandDownlandareahavebeen
dismantled(拆除)andthenreconstructedacrossalovely40-acresiteintheSouth
Downsnationalpark.Thecollectionofbuildingsrepresentsalmostathousandyearsof
rurallifeinsouth-eastEngland:furnishedjustastheywouldhavebeeninthe
past—completewiththehomes,farmsandpublicbuildings.There’sasenseof
exploringarealvillageasyouwanderbetweenthemalonggreenpaths,stoppingto
climbthestairsofa17th-centurycraftsman’s(工匠)cottagetolieonthestrawbed
orshelteringfromashowerinasmoky,14th-centuryhall.
Gettingthere
TheStagecoach60busservicefromChichestertoMidhurststopsjustfive
minutesawayatGroomsYard,Singleton.ThenearestrailwaystationsareChichester(2
miles)andHaslemere(7miles).ThemuseumisonTownLaneinSingleton,reached
viatheA286fromChichestertoMidhurst.Parkingisfreeandtherearedisabled
parkingspacesoppositethemuseumshop.
Valueformoney?
Yes.It’snotcheapbutit’saspecialexperiencethateasilyfillsaday.Plus,it’sa
valuablecauseworthsupporting.Adults£14,children5-17andstudents£6.50,
under-4sfree,family£38(twoadultsandtwochildren)or£25(oneadultand
threechildren).
Openinghours
Daily10am-5pm(lastentry4pm).
【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了Weald&Downland生活博物馆的相关
信息。
1.WhatcanvisitorsdoinWeald&DownlandLivingMuseum?
A.Takeashowerinthehall.
B.Stayovernightatacottage.
C.Learnconstructiontechniques.
D.Explorerurallifecenturiesago.
答案D[细节理解题。根据Funfact部分中“Thecollectionofbuildings
representsalmostathousandyearsofrurallifeinsouth-eastEngland”可知,游客在
Weald&Downland生活博物馆可以探索几个世纪前的乡村生活。]
2.Howmuchwouldacouplewiththeir5-year-oldtwinsonspayforadmission?
A.£25.B.£34.5.
C.£38.D.£41.
答案C[细节理解题。根据Valueformoney?部分中“family£38(twoadults
andtwochildren)”可知,一对夫妇和他们两个5岁的双胞胎儿子的门票是38英
镑。]
3.WhatdoweknowaboutWeald&DownlandLivingMuseum?
A.Itchargesparkingfees.
B.Ithasvariedopeninghours.
C.Itisinconvenientlylocatedforbusriders.
D.Itoffersthedisabledthoughtfulservice.
答案D[细节理解题。根据Gettingthere部分中“Parkingisfreeandthereare
disabledparkingspacesoppositethemuseumshop.”可知,Weald&Downland生活博
物馆有专门的残疾人停车位,为残障人士提供了体贴的服务。]
ResearchersatBen-GurionUniversityoftheNegevsaythatthepopulardieting
strategyofservingfoodonsmallerplatesdoesnotnecessarilytrickusintoeatingless.
“Platesizedoesn’tmatterasmuchaswethinkitdoes,”saysDr.TzviGanel,
headofthestudyinamediarelease.“Evenifyou’rehungryandhaven’teaten,orare
tryingtocutbackonportions(份),aservinglookssimilarwhetheritfillsasmaller
plateorissurroundedbyemptyspaceonalargerone.”
Somedietersmaytryeatingoffsmallerplates,hopingthattheywillfeelfull
becausetheservingsizeappearslargeronthesmallerplate.Thisstrategyisbasedon
theclassicDelbouefillusion(错觉),whichfoundthatpeopleseeingablackcircle
insidealargercircleperceivedthecircletobesmallerthanwhenthesamesizedblack
circlewasplacedinsideasmallercircle.
Researchersdeterminedthathungerseemstohelpwithvisualperceptionoffood
portions.Intheexperiment,participantswhohadeatenrecentlyhadadifficulttime
estimatingpizzaportionsthatwereplacedonlargerversussmallertrays.But
participantswhohadnoteatenforatleastthreehourswerebetterabletoestimate
portionsizescorrectly.
Theauthorsremindthattheirresultsonlyappliedtofoodsizes.Bothgroupsof
participantsperformedaboutthesamewhenaskedtocomparesizesofblackcircles
andhubcaps(轮毂)placedinsidedifferentsizedcircles.Studyauthorssaytheresults
suggestthathungerstrengthensourabilitytoanalyzeandprocesswhatweareseeing.
“Overthelastdecade,restaurantsandotherfoodbusinesseshavebeenusing
progressivelysmallerdishestoadapttotheperceptualbias(偏差)thatitwillreduce
foodconsumption,”saysGanel.“Thisstudydebunksthatview.Whenpeopleare
hungry,especiallywhendieting,theyarelesslikelytobefooledbytheplatesize,
morelikelytorealizetheyareeatinglessandmorereadytoovereatinglater.”
Sodon’tkidyourself.PutawaytheBarbieplatesandgiveitthreehours.Thengrab
thatgiantplateanddigin.Youreyeswillchoosetherightsize.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现用小盘盛食物的节食策
略并不一定会使我们少吃。
4.Whydosomedietersswitchtosmallerdishes?
A.Toseekanelegantlifestyle.
B.Tomeasuretheservingsize.
C.Tohavetheimpressionofbeingfull.
D.ToseewhetherDelbouefillusionistrue.
答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Somedietersmaytryeatingoff...appears
largeronthesmallerplate.”可知,一些节食者用较小的盘子盛食物是为了营造一种
饱腹感。]
5.Whathelpstojudgefoodsizesaccurately?
A.Theblackcolor.
B.Thesizeofcircles.
C.Thestrongneedforfood.
D.Thedelicioustasteoffood.
答案C[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Researchersdeterminedthathungerseems
tohelpwithvisualperceptionoffoodportions.”可知,对食物的强烈需要有助于准确
判断食物的分量。]
6.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“debunks”inParagraph6?
A.Disapproves.B.Confirms.
C.Reflects.D.Discovers.
答案A[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Whenpeoplearehungry...lessandmore
readytoovereatinglater.”可知,这项研究驳斥了“用小盘子盛食物吃得会更少”这
一观点,由此可知画线词词义为“驳斥,不赞成”。]
7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?
A.Dietingrequiressmallerplates.
B.Yourdinnerplateaffectsyourweight.
C.Eatinglessisapopulardietingpractice.
D.Smallerplateswon’tleadtolesseating.
答案D[文章大意题。通读全文,特别是根据第一段可知,本文主要介绍了研
究发现用小盘盛食物的节食策略并不一定会使我们少吃。]
Anincreasinglypopularwayofeatingcalledreducetarianismmaysoundlikea
newweightlosstrend.Butthat’snotthegoal;instead,reducetarianismisaboutcutting
downtheamountofmeatyoueatandmakingsmallchangesthatarehealthyforyou
andtheplanet.“Butthevastmajoritydon’twanttogovegan,”saysBrianKateman,
co-founderoftheReducetarianFoundation.Sohehasasimplemessageforus:
“Don’tletperfectionbetheenemyofthegood.”Comparedwithavegetarian,
reducetarianstakeamoreflexibleapproachthatacknowledgeschallengesofgivingup
meatentirelybutstilllimitsmeatwhenpossible.
Theoppositesideofeatinglessmeatiseatingmoreplantfoods.Animalproducts
oftenreplacefreshfruits,vegetablesandwholegrains,leadingtolackofnutrients
fromthem.Amoreplant-baseddietcanhelplowertheriskofhealthproblems
includingheartdisease,coloncancer,andobesity.Andresearchshowstheclimatetoll
fromraisingplant-basedfoodsislessthanthatcausedbyanimal-basedfoods.This
islargelybecauseittakesmuchmoreland,water,andotherresourcestoproducea
poundofmeatthanplantprotein,saysDanaEllis,adietitian.
Thetypeofmeatyoubuymatterstoo.Grass-fedmeat—fromanimalsraised
withoutantibiotics(抗生素)—tendtobethemoresustainableoptions.Bygrazing,
cowsencouragegrassgrowthandnutrientturnoverinthesoil,whichmayhelpoffset
cattle’sclimateimpact,accordingtoastudypublishedin2021.
Lookingforlocalproducethatrequiresnoairtransportandcuttingdownthefood
wastearealsosignificantaspectsofbeingareducetarian.Themessageof
reducetarianismisthatyoudon’thavetobeperfecttohelpyourselfandtheplanetby
makingsmallchangesinhowyoueatandshopforfood.Andthat’ssomethingweall
canaccomplish.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是减肉主义及这种饮食方式
给人类和地球带来的好处。
8.Whatdoesreducetarianismreferto?
A.Anovelweightlosstrend.
B.Ahealthydietwithlittlemeat.
C.Anideaofacceptingimperfection.
D.Anapproachtobeingavegetarian.
答案B[细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Butthat’snotthegoal;instead...that
arehealthyforyouandtheplanet.”可知,减肉主义指的是减少吃的肉的数量,这
对健康和地球都有益,由此可知,减肉主义指的是一种少吃肉的健康饮食方式。]
9.Whyshouldeatingmoreplantfoodsbeencouraged?
A.Ithelpstofreepeoplefromdiseases.
B.Itguaranteesallthenutrientsneeded.
C.Itallowspeopletoobtainmoreprotein.
D.Itcauseslessdamagetotheenvironment.
答案D[推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Andresearchshowstheclimatetoll
fromraisingplant-basedfoodsislessthanthatcausedbyanimal-basedfoods.”可
知,种植植物性食物对气候的危害更小,更环保,由此可知,应该鼓励多吃植物
性食物,因为它对环境的破坏较小。]
10.Whoismorelikelytobeareducetarianaccordingtothepassage?
A.Ameatlover.
B.Acowraiser.
C.Akeenenvironmentalist.
D.Adevotedvegetarian.
答案C[推理判断题。根据第一段第二句和第二段中“Andresearchshowsthe
climatetollfromraisingplant-basedfoodsislessthanthatcausedbyanimal-based
foods.”可知,减肉主义倡导减少吃的肉的数量,而少吃肉对气候环境有益,由此
可知,一个热情的环保主义者更有可能成为减肉主义者,因为他们为了保护环境
会少吃肉,进而成为减肉主义者。]
11.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthelastparagraph?
A.Localproducecanoffermorenutrition.
B.Reducetarianismissomethingimperfect.
C.Anyamountoffoodwasteshouldbeavoided.
D.Smallchangesindietbettermanandtheearth.
答案D[推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Themessageofreducetarianism
is...Andthat’ssomethingweallcanaccomplish.”可知,我们只需在饮食和购买食物
的方式上做出微小的改变,就可以帮助人类和地球,由此可知,饮食上的小变化
使人类和地球变得更好。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·江苏泰州高三统考)
ASimpleTricktoResistJunkFood
You’retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchsomethingdelicious,probablyfriedand
almostcertainlyfattening.Itisfriedchicken!1Anewresearchsaysthatbeing
exposedtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumake
healthierfoodchoices.
Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverappetizingtreatcatchesyournose’sattention
tendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Whatwillhappenifyou’re
standinginlineafteracoupleofminutes?2Andrecentsciencesaysthatthisis
actuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.
Theresultsofaseriesofexperimentsshowthatextendedexposureofmorethan
twominutestojunkfoodsmellleadstolowerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodscompared
withhealthysmell.3Thatiswhylongexposuretojunkfoodsmellcanbeas
satisfactoryasactuallyhavingitinyourmouth.
4Whentheexposuretosmellofhealthyfoodwasexamined,foodchoices
werenotprofoundlyinfluenced.Thereasonforthisisthathealthyfoodisnot
connectedwithrewardinourbrainandthereforehaslittleinfluenceonwhatwedesire.
Sonexttimeyou’refeelingyoudon’thavethewillpowertoresistthatFrench
fries,itmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmelling
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