2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练:话题5 饮食文化与健康饮食(教师版)_第1页
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话题5饮食文化与健康饮食

Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2024·衡水中学第四次综合素养测评)

Weald&DownlandLivingMuseum

Funfact

Over50historicbuildingsfromacrosstheWealdandDownlandareahavebeen

dismantled(拆除)andthenreconstructedacrossalovely40-acresiteintheSouth

Downsnationalpark.Thecollectionofbuildingsrepresentsalmostathousandyearsof

rurallifeinsouth-eastEngland:furnishedjustastheywouldhavebeeninthe

past—completewiththehomes,farmsandpublicbuildings.There’sasenseof

exploringarealvillageasyouwanderbetweenthemalonggreenpaths,stoppingto

climbthestairsofa17th-centurycraftsman’s(工匠)cottagetolieonthestrawbed

orshelteringfromashowerinasmoky,14th-centuryhall.

Gettingthere

TheStagecoach60busservicefromChichestertoMidhurststopsjustfive

minutesawayatGroomsYard,Singleton.ThenearestrailwaystationsareChichester(2

miles)andHaslemere(7miles).ThemuseumisonTownLaneinSingleton,reached

viatheA286fromChichestertoMidhurst.Parkingisfreeandtherearedisabled

parkingspacesoppositethemuseumshop.

Valueformoney?

Yes.It’snotcheapbutit’saspecialexperiencethateasilyfillsaday.Plus,it’sa

valuablecauseworthsupporting.Adults£14,children5-17andstudents£6.50,

under-4sfree,family£38(twoadultsandtwochildren)or£25(oneadultand

threechildren).

Openinghours

Daily10am-5pm(lastentry4pm).

【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了Weald&Downland生活博物馆的相关

信息。

1.WhatcanvisitorsdoinWeald&DownlandLivingMuseum?

A.Takeashowerinthehall.

B.Stayovernightatacottage.

C.Learnconstructiontechniques.

D.Explorerurallifecenturiesago.

答案D[细节理解题。根据Funfact部分中“Thecollectionofbuildings

representsalmostathousandyearsofrurallifeinsouth-eastEngland”可知,游客在

Weald&Downland生活博物馆可以探索几个世纪前的乡村生活。]

2.Howmuchwouldacouplewiththeir5-year-oldtwinsonspayforadmission?

A.£25.B.£34.5.

C.£38.D.£41.

答案C[细节理解题。根据Valueformoney?部分中“family£38(twoadults

andtwochildren)”可知,一对夫妇和他们两个5岁的双胞胎儿子的门票是38英

镑。]

3.WhatdoweknowaboutWeald&DownlandLivingMuseum?

A.Itchargesparkingfees.

B.Ithasvariedopeninghours.

C.Itisinconvenientlylocatedforbusriders.

D.Itoffersthedisabledthoughtfulservice.

答案D[细节理解题。根据Gettingthere部分中“Parkingisfreeandthereare

disabledparkingspacesoppositethemuseumshop.”可知,Weald&Downland生活博

物馆有专门的残疾人停车位,为残障人士提供了体贴的服务。]

ResearchersatBen-GurionUniversityoftheNegevsaythatthepopulardieting

strategyofservingfoodonsmallerplatesdoesnotnecessarilytrickusintoeatingless.

“Platesizedoesn’tmatterasmuchaswethinkitdoes,”saysDr.TzviGanel,

headofthestudyinamediarelease.“Evenifyou’rehungryandhaven’teaten,orare

tryingtocutbackonportions(份),aservinglookssimilarwhetheritfillsasmaller

plateorissurroundedbyemptyspaceonalargerone.”

Somedietersmaytryeatingoffsmallerplates,hopingthattheywillfeelfull

becausetheservingsizeappearslargeronthesmallerplate.Thisstrategyisbasedon

theclassicDelbouefillusion(错觉),whichfoundthatpeopleseeingablackcircle

insidealargercircleperceivedthecircletobesmallerthanwhenthesamesizedblack

circlewasplacedinsideasmallercircle.

Researchersdeterminedthathungerseemstohelpwithvisualperceptionoffood

portions.Intheexperiment,participantswhohadeatenrecentlyhadadifficulttime

estimatingpizzaportionsthatwereplacedonlargerversussmallertrays.But

participantswhohadnoteatenforatleastthreehourswerebetterabletoestimate

portionsizescorrectly.

Theauthorsremindthattheirresultsonlyappliedtofoodsizes.Bothgroupsof

participantsperformedaboutthesamewhenaskedtocomparesizesofblackcircles

andhubcaps(轮毂)placedinsidedifferentsizedcircles.Studyauthorssaytheresults

suggestthathungerstrengthensourabilitytoanalyzeandprocesswhatweareseeing.

“Overthelastdecade,restaurantsandotherfoodbusinesseshavebeenusing

progressivelysmallerdishestoadapttotheperceptualbias(偏差)thatitwillreduce

foodconsumption,”saysGanel.“Thisstudydebunksthatview.Whenpeopleare

hungry,especiallywhendieting,theyarelesslikelytobefooledbytheplatesize,

morelikelytorealizetheyareeatinglessandmorereadytoovereatinglater.”

Sodon’tkidyourself.PutawaytheBarbieplatesandgiveitthreehours.Thengrab

thatgiantplateanddigin.Youreyeswillchoosetherightsize.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现用小盘盛食物的节食策

略并不一定会使我们少吃。

4.Whydosomedietersswitchtosmallerdishes?

A.Toseekanelegantlifestyle.

B.Tomeasuretheservingsize.

C.Tohavetheimpressionofbeingfull.

D.ToseewhetherDelbouefillusionistrue.

答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Somedietersmaytryeatingoff...appears

largeronthesmallerplate.”可知,一些节食者用较小的盘子盛食物是为了营造一种

饱腹感。]

5.Whathelpstojudgefoodsizesaccurately?

A.Theblackcolor.

B.Thesizeofcircles.

C.Thestrongneedforfood.

D.Thedelicioustasteoffood.

答案C[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Researchersdeterminedthathungerseems

tohelpwithvisualperceptionoffoodportions.”可知,对食物的强烈需要有助于准确

判断食物的分量。]

6.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“debunks”inParagraph6?

A.Disapproves.B.Confirms.

C.Reflects.D.Discovers.

答案A[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Whenpeoplearehungry...lessandmore

readytoovereatinglater.”可知,这项研究驳斥了“用小盘子盛食物吃得会更少”这

一观点,由此可知画线词词义为“驳斥,不赞成”。]

7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?

A.Dietingrequiressmallerplates.

B.Yourdinnerplateaffectsyourweight.

C.Eatinglessisapopulardietingpractice.

D.Smallerplateswon’tleadtolesseating.

答案D[文章大意题。通读全文,特别是根据第一段可知,本文主要介绍了研

究发现用小盘盛食物的节食策略并不一定会使我们少吃。]

Anincreasinglypopularwayofeatingcalledreducetarianismmaysoundlikea

newweightlosstrend.Butthat’snotthegoal;instead,reducetarianismisaboutcutting

downtheamountofmeatyoueatandmakingsmallchangesthatarehealthyforyou

andtheplanet.“Butthevastmajoritydon’twanttogovegan,”saysBrianKateman,

co-founderoftheReducetarianFoundation.Sohehasasimplemessageforus:

“Don’tletperfectionbetheenemyofthegood.”Comparedwithavegetarian,

reducetarianstakeamoreflexibleapproachthatacknowledgeschallengesofgivingup

meatentirelybutstilllimitsmeatwhenpossible.

Theoppositesideofeatinglessmeatiseatingmoreplantfoods.Animalproducts

oftenreplacefreshfruits,vegetablesandwholegrains,leadingtolackofnutrients

fromthem.Amoreplant-baseddietcanhelplowertheriskofhealthproblems

includingheartdisease,coloncancer,andobesity.Andresearchshowstheclimatetoll

fromraisingplant-basedfoodsislessthanthatcausedbyanimal-basedfoods.This

islargelybecauseittakesmuchmoreland,water,andotherresourcestoproducea

poundofmeatthanplantprotein,saysDanaEllis,adietitian.

Thetypeofmeatyoubuymatterstoo.Grass-fedmeat—fromanimalsraised

withoutantibiotics(抗生素)—tendtobethemoresustainableoptions.Bygrazing,

cowsencouragegrassgrowthandnutrientturnoverinthesoil,whichmayhelpoffset

cattle’sclimateimpact,accordingtoastudypublishedin2021.

Lookingforlocalproducethatrequiresnoairtransportandcuttingdownthefood

wastearealsosignificantaspectsofbeingareducetarian.Themessageof

reducetarianismisthatyoudon’thavetobeperfecttohelpyourselfandtheplanetby

makingsmallchangesinhowyoueatandshopforfood.Andthat’ssomethingweall

canaccomplish.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是减肉主义及这种饮食方式

给人类和地球带来的好处。

8.Whatdoesreducetarianismreferto?

A.Anovelweightlosstrend.

B.Ahealthydietwithlittlemeat.

C.Anideaofacceptingimperfection.

D.Anapproachtobeingavegetarian.

答案B[细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Butthat’snotthegoal;instead...that

arehealthyforyouandtheplanet.”可知,减肉主义指的是减少吃的肉的数量,这

对健康和地球都有益,由此可知,减肉主义指的是一种少吃肉的健康饮食方式。]

9.Whyshouldeatingmoreplantfoodsbeencouraged?

A.Ithelpstofreepeoplefromdiseases.

B.Itguaranteesallthenutrientsneeded.

C.Itallowspeopletoobtainmoreprotein.

D.Itcauseslessdamagetotheenvironment.

答案D[推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Andresearchshowstheclimatetoll

fromraisingplant-basedfoodsislessthanthatcausedbyanimal-basedfoods.”可

知,种植植物性食物对气候的危害更小,更环保,由此可知,应该鼓励多吃植物

性食物,因为它对环境的破坏较小。]

10.Whoismorelikelytobeareducetarianaccordingtothepassage?

A.Ameatlover.

B.Acowraiser.

C.Akeenenvironmentalist.

D.Adevotedvegetarian.

答案C[推理判断题。根据第一段第二句和第二段中“Andresearchshowsthe

climatetollfromraisingplant-basedfoodsislessthanthatcausedbyanimal-based

foods.”可知,减肉主义倡导减少吃的肉的数量,而少吃肉对气候环境有益,由此

可知,一个热情的环保主义者更有可能成为减肉主义者,因为他们为了保护环境

会少吃肉,进而成为减肉主义者。]

11.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Localproducecanoffermorenutrition.

B.Reducetarianismissomethingimperfect.

C.Anyamountoffoodwasteshouldbeavoided.

D.Smallchangesindietbettermanandtheearth.

答案D[推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Themessageofreducetarianism

is...Andthat’ssomethingweallcanaccomplish.”可知,我们只需在饮食和购买食物

的方式上做出微小的改变,就可以帮助人类和地球,由此可知,饮食上的小变化

使人类和地球变得更好。]

Ⅱ.七选五

(2024·江苏泰州高三统考)

ASimpleTricktoResistJunkFood

You’retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchsomethingdelicious,probablyfriedand

almostcertainlyfattening.Itisfriedchicken!1Anewresearchsaysthatbeing

exposedtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumake

healthierfoodchoices.

Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverappetizingtreatcatchesyournose’sattention

tendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Whatwillhappenifyou’re

standinginlineafteracoupleofminutes?2Andrecentsciencesaysthatthisis

actuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.

Theresultsofaseriesofexperimentsshowthatextendedexposureofmorethan

twominutestojunkfoodsmellleadstolowerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodscompared

withhealthysmell.3Thatiswhylongexposuretojunkfoodsmellcanbeas

satisfactoryasactuallyhavingitinyourmouth.

4Whentheexposuretosmellofhealthyfoodwasexamined,foodchoices

werenotprofoundlyinfluenced.Thereasonforthisisthathealthyfoodisnot

connectedwithrewardinourbrainandthereforehaslittleinfluenceonwhatwedesire.

Sonexttimeyou’refeelingyoudon’thavethewillpowertoresistthatFrench

fries,itmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmelling

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