2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题5　饮食文化与健康饮食(教师版)

话题5饮食文化与健康饮食

Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2024·衡水中学第四次综合素养测评)

Weald&DownlandLivingMuseum

Funfact

Over50historicbuildingsfromacrosstheWealdandDownlandareahavebeen

dismantled(拆除)andthenreconstructedacrossalovely40－acresiteintheSouth

Downsnationalpark.Thecollectionofbuildingsrepresentsalmostathousandyearsof

rurallifeinsouth－eastEngland：furnishedjustastheywouldhavebeeninthe

past—completewiththehomes，farmsandpublicbuildings.There’sasenseof

exploringarealvillageasyouwanderbetweenthemalonggreenpaths，stoppingto

climbthestairsofa17th－centurycraftsman’s(工匠)cottagetolieonthestrawbed

orshelteringfromashowerinasmoky，14th－centuryhall.

Gettingthere

TheStagecoach60busservicefromChichestertoMidhurststopsjustfive

minutesawayatGroomsYard，Singleton.ThenearestrailwaystationsareChichester(2

miles)andHaslemere(7miles).ThemuseumisonTownLaneinSingleton，reached

viatheA286fromChichestertoMidhurst.Parkingisfreeandtherearedisabled

parkingspacesoppositethemuseumshop.

Valueformoney?

Yes.It’snotcheapbutit’saspecialexperiencethateasilyfillsaday.Plus，it’sa

valuablecauseworthsupporting.Adults￡14，children5－17andstudents￡6.50，

under－4sfree，family￡38(twoadultsandtwochildren)or￡25(oneadultand

threechildren).

Openinghours

Daily10am－5pm(lastentry4pm).

【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了Weald&Downland生活博物馆的相关

信息。

1.WhatcanvisitorsdoinWeald&DownlandLivingMuseum?

A.Takeashowerinthehall.

B.Stayovernightatacottage.

C.Learnconstructiontechniques.

D.Explorerurallifecenturiesago.

答案D[细节理解题。根据Funfact部分中“Thecollectionofbuildings

representsalmostathousandyearsofrurallifeinsouth－eastEngland”可知，游客在

Weald&Downland生活博物馆可以探索几个世纪前的乡村生活。]

2.Howmuchwouldacouplewiththeir5－year－oldtwinsonspayforadmission?

A.￡25.B.￡34.5.

C.￡38.D.￡41.

答案C[细节理解题。根据Valueformoney？部分中“family￡38(twoadults

andtwochildren)”可知，一对夫妇和他们两个5岁的双胞胎儿子的门票是38英

镑。]

3.WhatdoweknowaboutWeald&DownlandLivingMuseum?

A.Itchargesparkingfees.

B.Ithasvariedopeninghours.

C.Itisinconvenientlylocatedforbusriders.

D.Itoffersthedisabledthoughtfulservice.

答案D[细节理解题。根据Gettingthere部分中“Parkingisfreeandthereare

disabledparkingspacesoppositethemuseumshop.”可知，Weald&Downland生活博

物馆有专门的残疾人停车位，为残障人士提供了体贴的服务。]

ResearchersatBen－GurionUniversityoftheNegevsaythatthepopulardieting

strategyofservingfoodonsmallerplatesdoesnotnecessarilytrickusintoeatingless.

“Platesizedoesn’tmatterasmuchaswethinkitdoes，”saysDr.TzviGanel，

headofthestudyinamediarelease.“Evenifyou’rehungryandhaven’teaten，orare

tryingtocutbackonportions(份)，aservinglookssimilarwhetheritfillsasmaller

plateorissurroundedbyemptyspaceonalargerone.”

Somedietersmaytryeatingoffsmallerplates，hopingthattheywillfeelfull

becausetheservingsizeappearslargeronthesmallerplate.Thisstrategyisbasedon

theclassicDelbouefillusion(错觉)，whichfoundthatpeopleseeingablackcircle

insidealargercircleperceivedthecircletobesmallerthanwhenthesamesizedblack

circlewasplacedinsideasmallercircle.

Researchersdeterminedthathungerseemstohelpwithvisualperceptionoffood

portions.Intheexperiment，participantswhohadeatenrecentlyhadadifficulttime

estimatingpizzaportionsthatwereplacedonlargerversussmallertrays.But

participantswhohadnoteatenforatleastthreehourswerebetterabletoestimate

portionsizescorrectly.

Theauthorsremindthattheirresultsonlyappliedtofoodsizes.Bothgroupsof

participantsperformedaboutthesamewhenaskedtocomparesizesofblackcircles

andhubcaps(轮毂)placedinsidedifferentsizedcircles.Studyauthorssaytheresults

suggestthathungerstrengthensourabilitytoanalyzeandprocesswhatweareseeing.

“Overthelastdecade，restaurantsandotherfoodbusinesseshavebeenusing

progressivelysmallerdishestoadapttotheperceptualbias(偏差)thatitwillreduce

foodconsumption，”saysGanel.“Thisstudydebunksthatview.Whenpeopleare

hungry，especiallywhendieting，theyarelesslikelytobefooledbytheplatesize，

morelikelytorealizetheyareeatinglessandmorereadytoovereatinglater.”

Sodon’tkidyourself.PutawaytheBarbieplatesandgiveitthreehours.Thengrab

thatgiantplateanddigin.Youreyeswillchoosetherightsize.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现用小盘盛食物的节食策

略并不一定会使我们少吃。

4.Whydosomedietersswitchtosmallerdishes?

A.Toseekanelegantlifestyle.

B.Tomeasuretheservingsize.

C.Tohavetheimpressionofbeingfull.

D.ToseewhetherDelbouefillusionistrue.

答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Somedietersmaytryeatingoff...appears

largeronthesmallerplate.”可知，一些节食者用较小的盘子盛食物是为了营造一种

饱腹感。]

5.Whathelpstojudgefoodsizesaccurately?

A.Theblackcolor.

B.Thesizeofcircles.

C.Thestrongneedforfood.

D.Thedelicioustasteoffood.

答案C[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Researchersdeterminedthathungerseems

tohelpwithvisualperceptionoffoodportions.”可知，对食物的强烈需要有助于准确

判断食物的分量。]

6.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“debunks”inParagraph6?

A.Disapproves.B.Confirms.

C.Reflects.D.Discovers.

答案A[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Whenpeoplearehungry...lessandmore

readytoovereatinglater.”可知，这项研究驳斥了“用小盘子盛食物吃得会更少”这

一观点，由此可知画线词词义为“驳斥，不赞成”。]

7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?

A.Dietingrequiressmallerplates.

B.Yourdinnerplateaffectsyourweight.

C.Eatinglessisapopulardietingpractice.

D.Smallerplateswon’tleadtolesseating.

答案D[文章大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段可知，本文主要介绍了研

究发现用小盘盛食物的节食策略并不一定会使我们少吃。]

Anincreasinglypopularwayofeatingcalledreducetarianismmaysoundlikea

newweightlosstrend.Butthat’snotthegoal；instead，reducetarianismisaboutcutting

downtheamountofmeatyoueatandmakingsmallchangesthatarehealthyforyou

andtheplanet.“Butthevastmajoritydon’twanttogovegan，”saysBrianKateman，

co－founderoftheReducetarianFoundation.Sohehasasimplemessageforus：

“Don’tletperfectionbetheenemyofthegood.”Comparedwithavegetarian，

reducetarianstakeamoreflexibleapproachthatacknowledgeschallengesofgivingup

meatentirelybutstilllimitsmeatwhenpossible.

Theoppositesideofeatinglessmeatiseatingmoreplantfoods.Animalproducts

oftenreplacefreshfruits，vegetablesandwholegrains，leadingtolackofnutrients

fromthem.Amoreplant－baseddietcanhelplowertheriskofhealthproblems

includingheartdisease，coloncancer，andobesity.Andresearchshowstheclimatetoll

fromraisingplant－basedfoodsislessthanthatcausedbyanimal－basedfoods.This

islargelybecauseittakesmuchmoreland，water，andotherresourcestoproducea

poundofmeatthanplantprotein，saysDanaEllis，adietitian.

Thetypeofmeatyoubuymatterstoo.Grass－fedmeat—fromanimalsraised

withoutantibiotics(抗生素)—tendtobethemoresustainableoptions.Bygrazing，

cowsencouragegrassgrowthandnutrientturnoverinthesoil，whichmayhelpoffset

cattle’sclimateimpact，accordingtoastudypublishedin2021.

Lookingforlocalproducethatrequiresnoairtransportandcuttingdownthefood

wastearealsosignificantaspectsofbeingareducetarian.Themessageof

reducetarianismisthatyoudon’thavetobeperfecttohelpyourselfandtheplanetby

makingsmallchangesinhowyoueatandshopforfood.Andthat’ssomethingweall

canaccomplish.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是减肉主义及这种饮食方式

给人类和地球带来的好处。

8.Whatdoesreducetarianismreferto?

A.Anovelweightlosstrend.

B.Ahealthydietwithlittlemeat.

C.Anideaofacceptingimperfection.

D.Anapproachtobeingavegetarian.

答案B[细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Butthat’snotthegoal；instead...that

arehealthyforyouandtheplanet.”可知，减肉主义指的是减少吃的肉的数量，这

对健康和地球都有益，由此可知，减肉主义指的是一种少吃肉的健康饮食方式。]

9.Whyshouldeatingmoreplantfoodsbeencouraged?

A.Ithelpstofreepeoplefromdiseases.

B.Itguaranteesallthenutrientsneeded.

C.Itallowspeopletoobtainmoreprotein.

D.Itcauseslessdamagetotheenvironment.

答案D[推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Andresearchshowstheclimatetoll

fromraisingplant－basedfoodsislessthanthatcausedbyanimal－basedfoods.”可

知，种植植物性食物对气候的危害更小，更环保，由此可知，应该鼓励多吃植物

性食物，因为它对环境的破坏较小。]

10.Whoismorelikelytobeareducetarianaccordingtothepassage?

A.Ameatlover.

B.Acowraiser.

C.Akeenenvironmentalist.

D.Adevotedvegetarian.

答案C[推理判断题。根据第一段第二句和第二段中“Andresearchshowsthe

climatetollfromraisingplant－basedfoodsislessthanthatcausedbyanimal－based

foods.”可知，减肉主义倡导减少吃的肉的数量，而少吃肉对气候环境有益，由此

可知，一个热情的环保主义者更有可能成为减肉主义者，因为他们为了保护环境

会少吃肉，进而成为减肉主义者。]

11.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Localproducecanoffermorenutrition.

B.Reducetarianismissomethingimperfect.

C.Anyamountoffoodwasteshouldbeavoided.

D.Smallchangesindietbettermanandtheearth.

答案D[推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Themessageofreducetarianism

is...Andthat’ssomethingweallcanaccomplish.”可知，我们只需在饮食和购买食物

的方式上做出微小的改变，就可以帮助人类和地球，由此可知，饮食上的小变化

使人类和地球变得更好。]

Ⅱ.七选五

(2024·江苏泰州高三统考)

ASimpleTricktoResistJunkFood

You’retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchsomethingdelicious，probablyfriedand

almostcertainlyfattening.Itisfriedchicken！1Anewresearchsaysthatbeing

exposedtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumake

healthierfoodchoices.

Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverappetizingtreatcatchesyournose’sattention

tendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Whatwillhappenifyou’re

standinginlineafteracoupleofminutes？2Andrecentsciencesaysthatthisis

actuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.

Theresultsofaseriesofexperimentsshowthatextendedexposureofmorethan

twominutestojunkfoodsmellleadstolowerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodscompared

withhealthysmell.3Thatiswhylongexposuretojunkfoodsmellcanbeas

satisfactoryasactuallyhavingitinyourmouth.

4Whentheexposuretosmellofhealthyfoodwasexamined，foodchoices

werenotprofoundlyinfluenced.Thereasonforthisisthathealthyfoodisnot

connectedwithrewardinourbrainandthereforehaslittleinfluenceonwhatwedesire.

Sonexttimeyou’refeelingyoudon’thavethewillpowertoresistthatFrench

fries，itmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmelling