议论文和说明文（原卷版）-2025年高考英语写作常考题型专项突破

专题10议论文和说明文

议论文

议论文又叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。议论文应该观点明确、论

据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文有三个要素：论点、论据和论证。

（2016•四川）某中学生英文报正举办"TheSeasonILikeBest"的征文活动，请用英文写一篇短文投稿，内

容应包括：

1.你最喜欢的季节；

2.你喜欢该季节的两条理由（如：气候、景色、活动、感受……）。

注意：

1.词数100左右;

2.题目已为你写好；

3.行文连贯，语篇完整；

4.文中不得透露个人真实信息。

【思路点拨】

开头二引入话题，表明观点立场

议论文一［主体k点名观点阐明理由或提出解决办法

结尾-概括总结，得出结论

议论文（1）—正反观点型

i.开头：提出问题；

2.主体：陈述不同的观点及其理由；

3.结尾：说明自己的观点。

议论文（2）——利弊对比型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往

往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）。

I.说明事物现状；

2.事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）；

3.你对现状（或前景）的看法。

议论文（3）——解决问题型

第一段：引出现象，并指出这种现象的后果

第二段：提出解决的办法

第三段：总结这样做的好处

【写作模板】

模板一不同观点列举型（选择型）

Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat_作文题目.Butitiswellknownthattheopinion

concerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat_观点一.Intheir

viewsthereare2factorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:inthefirstplace,原因-'.Furthermore,

inthesecondplace,___原因二.Soitgoeswithoutsayingthat___观点——.People,however,differin

theiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleholdtheideathat___观点二.Intheirpointofview,ontheone

hand,___原因一.Ontheotherhand,原因二.Therefore,thereisnodoubtthat___观点二

AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifinnlysupporttheviewthat_观点一或二.Itisnotonlybecause

,butalsobecause.Themore,themore.

模板二利弊型议论文

Nowadays,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)___作文题目.Infact,thereareboth

advantagesanddisadvantagesin_题目议题.Generallyspeaking,itiswidelybelievedthereareseveral

positiveaspectsasfollows.Firstly,___优点——.Andsecondly___优点二.

JustAsapopularsayinggoes,Heverycoinhastwosides**,_讨论议题isnoexception,andinanother

word,itstillhasnegativeaspects.Tobeginwith,___缺点——.Inaddition,缺点二.

Tosumup,weshouldtrytobringtheadvantagesof_讨论议题intofullplay,andreducethe

disadvantagestotheminimumatthesametime.Inthatcase,wewilldefinitelymakeabetteruseofthe讨论

议题—.

模板三答辩型议论文

Currently,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)_作文题目.Itisreallyanimportant

concerntoeveryoneofus.

Asaresult,wemustsparenoeffortstotakesomemeasurestosolvethisproblem.Asweknowthatthereare

manystepswhichcanbetakentoundothisproblem.Firstofall,_途径一.Inaddition,anotherway

contributingtosuccessofthesolvingproblemis___途径二.

Aboveall,tosolvetheproblemof__作文题目,weshouldfindanumberofvariousways.Butasfar

asIamconcerned,Iwouldprefertosolvetheprobleminthisway,thatistosay,方法.

模板四谚语警句型议论文

Itiswellknowtousthattheproverb:“谚语"hasaprofoundsignificanceandvaluenotonlyin

ourjobbutalsoinourstudy.Itmeans谚语的含义.Thesayingcanbeillustratedthroughaseriesof

examplesasfollows.(alsotheoretically)Acaseinpointis___例子一.Therefore,itisgoeswithoutsaying

thatitisofgreatofimportancetopracticetheproverb谚语.

WiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinChina,anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometo

realizethatitisalsoofpracticalusetosticktothesaying:谚语.Themoreweareawareofthe

significanceofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob.

【万能句式】

1）开头句:

Itgoeswithoutsayingthat...不言而喻

Itcanbesaidwithcertaintythat…可以肯定地说

Astheproverbsays,...正如谚语所说

Ithastobenoticedthat...

It*sgenerallyrecognisedthat…人们普遍认为

It*slikelythat…很可能

It*shardly...that.........并不...

Ifshardlytoomuchtosaythat...毫不夸张地说

2）衔接句：

Acaseinpointis…一个典型的例子是...

Asisoftenthecase,...情况经常是…

Asstatedinthepreviousparagraph,...如前段所述，...

Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore,weshouldtakemoredetailsintoconsideration.

Butit'spitythat...

Inspiteofthefactthat...

Further,weholdtheopinionthat…止匕夕卜，我们认为...

However,thedifficultyliesin...

Whatcallsforspecialattentionisthat...

Similarly,weshouldpayattentiontothisfromtheverybeginning.

3）引出观点句：

Thereareseveralreasonsfor…，butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.

Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountforbutthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.

Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.

Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.

Thereasonsareasfollows.

4）结尾句：

Iwillconcludebysayingthat…最后我要说

Icanreachaconclusionthat...

Therefore,wehavethereasontobelievethat…我们有理由相信

Allthingsconsidered,itmaybesafelysaidthat…可以有把握地说

Therefore,inmyopinion,it*smoreadvisibleforustodo…更可取的是

Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat...

Thefigures/statisticsleadustotheconclusionthat...

Itcanbeconcludedfromthediscussionthat...

Frommypointofview,itwouldbebetterif...

Toacertain/someextent,...

5)灵活句式：

sb.cannotemphasizetheimportanceif...toomuch

Thereisnoneedforsb.todosth.

Onnoaccountcanwedosth.

Whatwillhappentosb.if...?

Forthepast+一段时间，sb.have(donesth./beendoingsth.)

Itpaystodosth.做…是值得的

sth.iscloselyrelatedto.........与…息息、相关

doone*sutmosttodo=sparenoefforttodo

sth.haveagreatinfluenceonsb.

Nothingcanpreventusfromdoing

Upondoingsth,...一…就...

Hardlyhadsb.donesth.whensb.did

Nosoonerhadsb.donesth.thansb.did

Onlythencould…直到那时

Nothingismore...thantodosth.

Thereisnodenyingthat...

Thereisnodoubtthat...

Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat...

Asisknowntous,...

Itisnowonderthat...

Nowonderthat...

So+adj.besb./sth.that...如此...以至于...

adj.assb./sth.be,...虽然...但是...

The+比较级,the+比较级

It'stime+主语+动词过去式

It'stimeforsth.

It'stimeforsb.todosth.

（24-25高三上•江苏南通・开学考试）现在人工智能越来越影响我们日常生活中的方方面面。请围绕这一话

题写一篇文章。

应包含以下要点：

I.人工智能带来的便利，例如在交通、家电和通信方面。

2.它可能引发的潜在问题或挑战，如工作岗位被取代和隐私担忧。

3.您对于如何充分利用人工智能并避免其负面影响的观点。

4.80词左右。

说明文

说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的一种文体，主要用于介绍事物、说明事理等。高考中，说明文常见的话

题有：产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。

真题一【2018・全国I】

假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件,

内容包括:

1.到达时间；2.合适的礼物；3.餐桌礼仪。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

真题二【2018年新课标全国卷HI】

假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括:

1.学校的体育场馆；

2.主要的运动项目；

3.你喜欢的项目。

注意：1.词数100左右：

2,可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

写说明文宜采用三段式：第一段主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的；第二段说明事物的主要特征或做事

情的方法步骤；第三段进行总结概括。时态通常用一般现在时。

末段：个人感受及说明对象的意义

影响

模板01

介绍事物型说明文模板

Topic

①isamosteffectiveto.②Formostpeople,ifsalmostimpossibleto.

(3)isreally.©Withthefunctionsof,itenablesusto.⑤Itcaneven.

@Justimagine,allthiscanbedonewith.©Aconvenienttoolcancertainlymake,butit

doesn'talwayshelp.⑧Toomuch.@Toomany.©Relyingtoomuchon

makes.

①点明要介绍的事物的必要性②介绍该事物对多数人的重要意义③该事物优势或显著特点④该事物

的作用⑤进一步说明该事物的作用⑥说明该事物的重要性⑦承上启下，介绍事物的另一方面⑧该事

物的负面影响一⑨该事物的负面影响二⑩总结说明过分使用该物品给我们带来的负面影响。

模板02

说明原因型说明文模板

Nowadays,therearemoreandmoreinsomebigcities.Itisestimatedthat.（用具体

数据说明某现象）

Whyhavetherebeensomany?Maybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Thefirstreasonis

that.（原因一）Besides,.（原因二）Thethirdreason

is.（原因三）Tosumup,themaincauseofisdueto.（指出主要原

因）

Itishightimethatsomethingshouldbedone.Foronething,.（解决建议——）

Foranotherthing,.Allthesemeasureswillcertainly.（解决建议二）

模板03

描述事物型说明文模板

WhatIhaveknownaboutisthat.（具体描述某事物）

Firstly,.（描述要点一）.（具体阐述要点一）

Secondly,.（描述要点二）（具体阐述要点二）.Asacollege

student,.（结合自身描述要点三）

Allinall,.（做出总结）Therefore,weshould.（提出建议）

模板04

问题解决型说明文模板

Inrecentdays,therehasbeenaproblem,whichisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.（说明问题及其现状）

First,.Second,.（进一步阐释现状）

Weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.Foronething,.Foranother

thing,.Finally,.（列举解决该问题的方法）

Personally,Ibelievethat/Consequently,I'mconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause

.（结尾段，指出"我”的信心及理由）

模板05

地点介绍型说明文模板

地理位置:__，thelargest___inourcountry,lies___,with___onthenorthand___surroundingitssouthwest.To

thewestofthe___.

面积人口资源：—_hasanareaofabout___squarekilo-metersandapopulationofover___.It*srichinnatural

resources,forexample,bananas,rice,teaandsoon,arefamousbothathomeandabroad.Thesceneryissobeautiful

andtheclimateissopleasantthattravelersallovertheworldgoinacontinuousstreamforavisit.

必备句型今昔变化对比

1.Myhometownusedtobeabeautifulplace,withthigtreesandgreengrasseverywhere.

2.ItisthebestplacethatIhaveevervisited.

3.Inthepast,childrencouldn'tgotoschoolbecauseofpoverty(贫穷).

4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastten(few)years.

5.Ourhometownhastakenonanewlook.

6.Ourvillageisnotwhatitusedtobe.

7.Thicktreesandgreengrasscanbeseeneverywhere.

8.NowtheChinesefamilyhaschangedagreatdeal.

9.1tisknowntousallthatthelivingstandardoftheChinesepeoplehasgreatlyimproved.

lO.Nowadays,tallbuildingshavetakentheplaceofoldsheds.

11.Nowourschooliscoveredwithgreengrassandfreshflowers,whichmakesthewholeschoolagoodplaceto

studyin.

地域地貌

1.Chinaisalargecountrywithalonghistoryandmuchpopulation.

2.Zhengzhou,thecapitalofHenanProvince,liesinthemiddleofChina.

3.Ithasanareaof160,000squarekilometerswithapopulationofover90million.

4.1tisrichinnaturalresourcessuchascoalandgold.

5.Theweatherisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.

方位指路、图表说明

l.Ourschoolislocatedatthefootofagreenhill.

2.Inthefrontoftheschoolisabeautifulgardenwithalibraryonitsleftandalaboratoryonitsright.

3.Behindthegardenistheclassroombuilding.

4.Atthebackoftheschoolarethestudents*dormitoryandthedining-hall,infrontofwhichliesthelargesports

field.

5.TheteachefsdormitorystandsbetweenAandB.

6.1tisnotverydifficulttofindyourwayfromtheFriendshipHoteltothestation.

7.Whenyougetoutofthehotel,turnleftandwalkdownthestreetuntilyouseethetrafficlights.

8.Tumrightatthethirdcrossing/tuming,andyouwillseeapostofficeatthecomer.Themuseumisnext/opposite

toit.

9.Gostraightaheaduntilyougettotheendofthestreet,

lO.Pleasegetacrossthebridgeandgoeastward.

1l.No.25Buswilltakeyourightthere.

12.Itwilltakeyouabout10minutestogetthere.

13.1t*sabout10minutes*walk/ridefromhere.

14.Ascanbeseenfromthechart,...

15.Fromthechart/picture/tablewecansee...thattheworldpopulationisincreasingrapidly.

介绍节日精彩句型：

1.LastSundaywecelebrated...with....intheschoolhall,duringwhichwehadawonderfultime.

2.Yesterdayweorganizedawelcomepartyforthenewexchangestudents.

3.Weinvited...toattendthepartywithus,whichwasheldin...

4.Wespentahappyafternoon/nightwith...and...

5.Wehadagreattimetogetherandwedidn*tgobackhomeuntil...

6.Wefelthappytohavedonesomethingfortheoldandwemadeitaruleto...

7.ThisisthefirsttimethatIhaveenjoyedaMid-AutumnFestivalwithmyclassmates.

8.Howinterestingthe..Festivalis!

介绍运动音乐精彩句型：

1.Atyourrequest,I'dliketotellyousomethingaboutmyfavourite...

2.Pmwritingtoreplytothequestionsyoumentionedinyourlastletter.

3.Whatimpressedmemostis...

4.He/Sheisregarded/consideredasoneofthemost...

5.OneofthereasonsIlike...isthat...

6.Toachievemydreamofbecoming...,Ipractise...asmuchaspossibleandsometimesL.

7.Pleasewriteandtellmeaboutyourfavorite...andIhope...

8.1believemydreamofbecoming...willcometrueaslongasI...

9.Ofallthesports,Ilikebasketball/football....bestbecauseIwanttobe...whenIgrowup.

10.PmgladtohearfromyouandPmwritingtotellyoumyfavoritesport.

11.1like...bestandIhaveadreamofbecomingaprofessional....inthenearfuture.

12.Becomingthechampionof...attheOlympicshaslongbeenmydream.

13.Whafsyourfavoritesport?Pleasewritetoshareitwithme.

14.1believeIcanmakemydreamcometrueaslongasIcontinuepracticinghard.

15.1thinkIcanachievemydreamofbecoming...inthefuture.

16.1wanttobecomeatowinhonorforourcountryattheOlympicGames.

17.Tomakemydreamcometrue,Iwillpracticehardandnevergiveup.

介绍书籍杂志精彩句型：

1.Therearethousandsofkindsofnewspapers/magazinesintheworld,amongwhichIlike...most.

2.Itisadaily/weekly/monthly...newspaper/magazine,whosepurpose/aimisto...

3.Asthesayinggoes,Toopenabookisalwaysbeneficial.n

4.Fdliketorecommendittothosewhohavedifficulty/troublein...

5.Itisa(n)internationalnewspaper,whichhasanaveragedailycirculationof..

6.Itisoneofthebest-sellingmagazines,coveringfitness,nutritiontravel,technology,fashionandfinance.

7.WiththerapiddevelopmentoftheInternet,anincreasingnumberofpublishersbegintolaunchonlinemagazines

,alsocallede-zines,tofitthetimes.

8.1havebeenreadingthisnewspaper/magazineeversine...Ithinkitisofgreathelptome.

旅游指导精彩句型：

1.Welcometoourscenicspotandwe*dlikeyoutopayattentiontosomesafetyregulations.

2.Tomakeourtouristspotmorepopular,we'vedecidedto...

3.Childrenarenotallowedtoenter/use....unlesstheyareaccompaniedbyadults.

4.Besides,thosewhosufferfromheartdiseasearealsoforbiddento...

5.Doremembertheopeningtimeisfrom8amto6pm.

6.Ifyouhaveanyfurtherquestions,pleasecallusat..

7.Webelieveourscenicspotwillleaveadeepimpressiononyou.

8.Wehopethatyouwillhaveagoodtime/enjoyyourself/getgreatpleasurehere!

（24-25高三上•江苏南通・开学考试）现在人工智能越来越影响我们日常生活中的方方面面。请围绕这一话

题写一篇文章。

应包含以下要点：

I.人工智能带来的便利，例如在交通、家电和通信方面。

2.它可能引发的潜在问题或挑战，如工作岗位被取代和隐私担忧。

3.您对于如何充分利用人工智能并避免其负面影响的观点。

4.80词左右。

Writing1

（24-25高三上•安徽•开学考试）假如你是李华，你班上周就“学生是否有必要购买品牌服饰”的话题展开了

激烈的讨论。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论结果并发表个人观点。

I.支持的观点；

2.反对的观点；

3.你的观点。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.首句已给出，但不计入总词数；

3.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Lastweek,ourclassheldaheateddiscussiononwhetherstudentsshouldbuybrandedclothing.

Writing2

(2024・四川成都•模拟预测)目前越来越多的人使用移动支付(mobilepayment),移动支付改变了人们的生活。

请根据以下要点写一篇短文：

1.移动支付的优缺点；

2.你的看法。

注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：微信WeChat支