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专题10议论文和说明文
议论文
议论文又叫说理文,是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。议论文应该观点明确、论
据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文有三个要素:论点、论据和论证。
(2016•四川)某中学生英文报正举办"TheSeasonILikeBest"的征文活动,请用英文写一篇短文投稿,内
容应包括:
1.你最喜欢的季节;
2.你喜欢该季节的两条理由(如:气候、景色、活动、感受……)。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.题目已为你写好;
3.行文连贯,语篇完整;
4.文中不得透露个人真实信息。
【思路点拨】
开头二引入话题,表明观点立场
议论文一[主体k点名观点阐明理由或提出解决办法
结尾-概括总结,得出结论
议论文(1)—正反观点型
i.开头:提出问题;
2.主体:陈述不同的观点及其理由;
3.结尾:说明自己的观点。
议论文(2)——利弊对比型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状,再对比事物本身的利弊,有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发,最后往
往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)。
I.说明事物现状;
2.事物本身的优缺点(或一方面);
3.你对现状(或前景)的看法。
议论文(3)——解决问题型
第一段:引出现象,并指出这种现象的后果
第二段:提出解决的办法
第三段:总结这样做的好处
【写作模板】
模板一不同观点列举型(选择型)
Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat_作文题目.Butitiswellknownthattheopinion
concerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat_观点一.Intheir
viewsthereare2factorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:inthefirstplace,原因-'.Furthermore,
inthesecondplace,___原因二.Soitgoeswithoutsayingthat___观点——.People,however,differin
theiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleholdtheideathat___观点二.Intheirpointofview,ontheone
hand,___原因一.Ontheotherhand,原因二.Therefore,thereisnodoubtthat___观点二
AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifinnlysupporttheviewthat_观点一或二.Itisnotonlybecause
,butalsobecause.Themore,themore.
模板二利弊型议论文
Nowadays,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)___作文题目.Infact,thereareboth
advantagesanddisadvantagesin_题目议题.Generallyspeaking,itiswidelybelievedthereareseveral
positiveaspectsasfollows.Firstly,___优点——.Andsecondly___优点二.
JustAsapopularsayinggoes,Heverycoinhastwosides**,_讨论议题isnoexception,andinanother
word,itstillhasnegativeaspects.Tobeginwith,___缺点——.Inaddition,缺点二.
Tosumup,weshouldtrytobringtheadvantagesof_讨论议题intofullplay,andreducethe
disadvantagestotheminimumatthesametime.Inthatcase,wewilldefinitelymakeabetteruseofthe讨论
议题—.
模板三答辩型议论文
Currently,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)_作文题目.Itisreallyanimportant
concerntoeveryoneofus.
Asaresult,wemustsparenoeffortstotakesomemeasurestosolvethisproblem.Asweknowthatthereare
manystepswhichcanbetakentoundothisproblem.Firstofall,_途径一.Inaddition,anotherway
contributingtosuccessofthesolvingproblemis___途径二.
Aboveall,tosolvetheproblemof__作文题目,weshouldfindanumberofvariousways.Butasfar
asIamconcerned,Iwouldprefertosolvetheprobleminthisway,thatistosay,方法.
模板四谚语警句型议论文
Itiswellknowtousthattheproverb:“谚语"hasaprofoundsignificanceandvaluenotonlyin
ourjobbutalsoinourstudy.Itmeans谚语的含义.Thesayingcanbeillustratedthroughaseriesof
examplesasfollows.(alsotheoretically)Acaseinpointis___例子一.Therefore,itisgoeswithoutsaying
thatitisofgreatofimportancetopracticetheproverb谚语.
WiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinChina,anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometo
realizethatitisalsoofpracticalusetosticktothesaying:谚语.Themoreweareawareofthe
significanceofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob.
【万能句式】
1)开头句:
Itgoeswithoutsayingthat...不言而喻
Itcanbesaidwithcertaintythat…可以肯定地说
Astheproverbsays,...正如谚语所说
Ithastobenoticedthat...
It*sgenerallyrecognisedthat…人们普遍认为
It*slikelythat…很可能
It*shardly...that.........并不...
Ifshardlytoomuchtosaythat...毫不夸张地说
2)衔接句:
Acaseinpointis…一个典型的例子是...
Asisoftenthecase,...情况经常是…
Asstatedinthepreviousparagraph,...如前段所述,...
Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore,weshouldtakemoredetailsintoconsideration.
Butit'spitythat...
Inspiteofthefactthat...
Further,weholdtheopinionthat…止匕夕卜,我们认为...
However,thedifficultyliesin...
Whatcallsforspecialattentionisthat...
Similarly,weshouldpayattentiontothisfromtheverybeginning.
3)引出观点句:
Thereareseveralreasonsfor…,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.
Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountforbutthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.
Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.
Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.
Thereasonsareasfollows.
4)结尾句:
Iwillconcludebysayingthat…最后我要说
Icanreachaconclusionthat...
Therefore,wehavethereasontobelievethat…我们有理由相信
Allthingsconsidered,itmaybesafelysaidthat…可以有把握地说
Therefore,inmyopinion,it*smoreadvisibleforustodo…更可取的是
Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat...
Thefigures/statisticsleadustotheconclusionthat...
Itcanbeconcludedfromthediscussionthat...
Frommypointofview,itwouldbebetterif...
Toacertain/someextent,...
5)灵活句式:
sb.cannotemphasizetheimportanceif...toomuch
Thereisnoneedforsb.todosth.
Onnoaccountcanwedosth.
Whatwillhappentosb.if...?
Forthepast+一段时间,sb.have(donesth./beendoingsth.)
Itpaystodosth.做…是值得的
sth.iscloselyrelatedto.........与…息息、相关
doone*sutmosttodo=sparenoefforttodo
sth.haveagreatinfluenceonsb.
Nothingcanpreventusfromdoing
Upondoingsth,...一…就...
Hardlyhadsb.donesth.whensb.did
Nosoonerhadsb.donesth.thansb.did
Onlythencould…直到那时
Nothingismore...thantodosth.
Thereisnodenyingthat...
Thereisnodoubtthat...
Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat...
Asisknowntous,...
Itisnowonderthat...
Nowonderthat...
So+adj.besb./sth.that...如此...以至于...
adj.assb./sth.be,...虽然...但是...
The+比较级,the+比较级
It'stime+主语+动词过去式
It'stimeforsth.
It'stimeforsb.todosth.
(24-25高三上•江苏南通・开学考试)现在人工智能越来越影响我们日常生活中的方方面面。请围绕这一话
题写一篇文章。
应包含以下要点:
I.人工智能带来的便利,例如在交通、家电和通信方面。
2.它可能引发的潜在问题或挑战,如工作岗位被取代和隐私担忧。
3.您对于如何充分利用人工智能并避免其负面影响的观点。
4.80词左右。
说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的一种文体,主要用于介绍事物、说明事理等。高考中,说明文常见的话
题有:产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。
真题一【2018・全国I】
假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件,
内容包括:
1.到达时间;2.合适的礼物;3.餐桌礼仪。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
真题二【2018年新课标全国卷HI】
假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信,内容包括:
1.学校的体育场馆;
2.主要的运动项目;
3.你喜欢的项目。
注意:1.词数100左右:
2,可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
写说明文宜采用三段式:第一段主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的;第二段说明事物的主要特征或做事
情的方法步骤;第三段进行总结概括。时态通常用一般现在时。
末段:个人感受及说明对象的意义
影响
模板01
介绍事物型说明文模板
Topic
①isamosteffectiveto.②Formostpeople,ifsalmostimpossibleto.
(3)isreally.©Withthefunctionsof,itenablesusto.⑤Itcaneven.
@Justimagine,allthiscanbedonewith.©Aconvenienttoolcancertainlymake,butit
doesn'talwayshelp.⑧Toomuch.@Toomany.©Relyingtoomuchon
makes.
①点明要介绍的事物的必要性②介绍该事物对多数人的重要意义③该事物优势或显著特点④该事物
的作用⑤进一步说明该事物的作用⑥说明该事物的重要性⑦承上启下,介绍事物的另一方面⑧该事
物的负面影响一⑨该事物的负面影响二⑩总结说明过分使用该物品给我们带来的负面影响。
模板02
说明原因型说明文模板
Nowadays,therearemoreandmoreinsomebigcities.Itisestimatedthat.(用具体
数据说明某现象)
Whyhavetherebeensomany?Maybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Thefirstreasonis
that.(原因一)Besides,.(原因二)Thethirdreason
is.(原因三)Tosumup,themaincauseofisdueto.(指出主要原
因)
Itishightimethatsomethingshouldbedone.Foronething,.(解决建议——)
Foranotherthing,.Allthesemeasureswillcertainly.(解决建议二)
模板03
描述事物型说明文模板
WhatIhaveknownaboutisthat.(具体描述某事物)
Firstly,.(描述要点一).(具体阐述要点一)
Secondly,.(描述要点二)(具体阐述要点二).Asacollege
student,.(结合自身描述要点三)
Allinall,.(做出总结)Therefore,weshould.(提出建议)
模板04
问题解决型说明文模板
Inrecentdays,therehasbeenaproblem,whichisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.(说明问题及其现状)
First,.Second,.(进一步阐释现状)
Weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.Foronething,.Foranother
thing,.Finally,.(列举解决该问题的方法)
Personally,Ibelievethat/Consequently,I'mconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause
.(结尾段,指出"我”的信心及理由)
模板05
地点介绍型说明文模板
地理位置:__,thelargest___inourcountry,lies___,with___onthenorthand___surroundingitssouthwest.To
thewestofthe___.
面积人口资源:—_hasanareaofabout___squarekilo-metersandapopulationofover___.It*srichinnatural
resources,forexample,bananas,rice,teaandsoon,arefamousbothathomeandabroad.Thesceneryissobeautiful
andtheclimateissopleasantthattravelersallovertheworldgoinacontinuousstreamforavisit.
必备句型今昔变化对比
1.Myhometownusedtobeabeautifulplace,withthigtreesandgreengrasseverywhere.
2.ItisthebestplacethatIhaveevervisited.
3.Inthepast,childrencouldn'tgotoschoolbecauseofpoverty(贫穷).
4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastten(few)years.
5.Ourhometownhastakenonanewlook.
6.Ourvillageisnotwhatitusedtobe.
7.Thicktreesandgreengrasscanbeseeneverywhere.
8.NowtheChinesefamilyhaschangedagreatdeal.
9.1tisknowntousallthatthelivingstandardoftheChinesepeoplehasgreatlyimproved.
lO.Nowadays,tallbuildingshavetakentheplaceofoldsheds.
11.Nowourschooliscoveredwithgreengrassandfreshflowers,whichmakesthewholeschoolagoodplaceto
studyin.
地域地貌
1.Chinaisalargecountrywithalonghistoryandmuchpopulation.
2.Zhengzhou,thecapitalofHenanProvince,liesinthemiddleofChina.
3.Ithasanareaof160,000squarekilometerswithapopulationofover90million.
4.1tisrichinnaturalresourcessuchascoalandgold.
5.Theweatherisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.
方位指路、图表说明
l.Ourschoolislocatedatthefootofagreenhill.
2.Inthefrontoftheschoolisabeautifulgardenwithalibraryonitsleftandalaboratoryonitsright.
3.Behindthegardenistheclassroombuilding.
4.Atthebackoftheschoolarethestudents*dormitoryandthedining-hall,infrontofwhichliesthelargesports
field.
5.TheteachefsdormitorystandsbetweenAandB.
6.1tisnotverydifficulttofindyourwayfromtheFriendshipHoteltothestation.
7.Whenyougetoutofthehotel,turnleftandwalkdownthestreetuntilyouseethetrafficlights.
8.Tumrightatthethirdcrossing/tuming,andyouwillseeapostofficeatthecomer.Themuseumisnext/opposite
toit.
9.Gostraightaheaduntilyougettotheendofthestreet,
lO.Pleasegetacrossthebridgeandgoeastward.
1l.No.25Buswilltakeyourightthere.
12.Itwilltakeyouabout10minutestogetthere.
13.1t*sabout10minutes*walk/ridefromhere.
14.Ascanbeseenfromthechart,...
15.Fromthechart/picture/tablewecansee...thattheworldpopulationisincreasingrapidly.
介绍节日精彩句型:
1.LastSundaywecelebrated...with....intheschoolhall,duringwhichwehadawonderfultime.
2.Yesterdayweorganizedawelcomepartyforthenewexchangestudents.
3.Weinvited...toattendthepartywithus,whichwasheldin...
4.Wespentahappyafternoon/nightwith...and...
5.Wehadagreattimetogetherandwedidn*tgobackhomeuntil...
6.Wefelthappytohavedonesomethingfortheoldandwemadeitaruleto...
7.ThisisthefirsttimethatIhaveenjoyedaMid-AutumnFestivalwithmyclassmates.
8.Howinterestingthe..Festivalis!
介绍运动音乐精彩句型:
1.Atyourrequest,I'dliketotellyousomethingaboutmyfavourite...
2.Pmwritingtoreplytothequestionsyoumentionedinyourlastletter.
3.Whatimpressedmemostis...
4.He/Sheisregarded/consideredasoneofthemost...
5.OneofthereasonsIlike...isthat...
6.Toachievemydreamofbecoming...,Ipractise...asmuchaspossibleandsometimesL.
7.Pleasewriteandtellmeaboutyourfavorite...andIhope...
8.1believemydreamofbecoming...willcometrueaslongasI...
9.Ofallthesports,Ilikebasketball/football....bestbecauseIwanttobe...whenIgrowup.
10.PmgladtohearfromyouandPmwritingtotellyoumyfavoritesport.
11.1like...bestandIhaveadreamofbecomingaprofessional....inthenearfuture.
12.Becomingthechampionof...attheOlympicshaslongbeenmydream.
13.Whafsyourfavoritesport?Pleasewritetoshareitwithme.
14.1believeIcanmakemydreamcometrueaslongasIcontinuepracticinghard.
15.1thinkIcanachievemydreamofbecoming...inthefuture.
16.1wanttobecomeatowinhonorforourcountryattheOlympicGames.
17.Tomakemydreamcometrue,Iwillpracticehardandnevergiveup.
介绍书籍杂志精彩句型:
1.Therearethousandsofkindsofnewspapers/magazinesintheworld,amongwhichIlike...most.
2.Itisadaily/weekly/monthly...newspaper/magazine,whosepurpose/aimisto...
3.Asthesayinggoes,Toopenabookisalwaysbeneficial.n
4.Fdliketorecommendittothosewhohavedifficulty/troublein...
5.Itisa(n)internationalnewspaper,whichhasanaveragedailycirculationof..
6.Itisoneofthebest-sellingmagazines,coveringfitness,nutritiontravel,technology,fashionandfinance.
7.WiththerapiddevelopmentoftheInternet,anincreasingnumberofpublishersbegintolaunchonlinemagazines
,alsocallede-zines,tofitthetimes.
8.1havebeenreadingthisnewspaper/magazineeversine...Ithinkitisofgreathelptome.
旅游指导精彩句型:
1.Welcometoourscenicspotandwe*dlikeyoutopayattentiontosomesafetyregulations.
2.Tomakeourtouristspotmorepopular,we'vedecidedto...
3.Childrenarenotallowedtoenter/use....unlesstheyareaccompaniedbyadults.
4.Besides,thosewhosufferfromheartdiseasearealsoforbiddento...
5.Doremembertheopeningtimeisfrom8amto6pm.
6.Ifyouhaveanyfurtherquestions,pleasecallusat..
7.Webelieveourscenicspotwillleaveadeepimpressiononyou.
8.Wehopethatyouwillhaveagoodtime/enjoyyourself/getgreatpleasurehere!
(24-25高三上•江苏南通・开学考试)现在人工智能越来越影响我们日常生活中的方方面面。请围绕这一话
题写一篇文章。
应包含以下要点:
I.人工智能带来的便利,例如在交通、家电和通信方面。
2.它可能引发的潜在问题或挑战,如工作岗位被取代和隐私担忧。
3.您对于如何充分利用人工智能并避免其负面影响的观点。
4.80词左右。
Writing1
(24-25高三上•安徽•开学考试)假如你是李华,你班上周就“学生是否有必要购买品牌服饰”的话题展开了
激烈的讨论。请你根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论结果并发表个人观点。
I.支持的观点;
2.反对的观点;
3.你的观点。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.首句已给出,但不计入总词数;
3.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Lastweek,ourclassheldaheateddiscussiononwhetherstudentsshouldbuybrandedclothing.
Writing2
(2024・四川成都•模拟预测)目前越来越多的人使用移动支付(mobilepayment),移动支付改变了人们的生活。
请根据以下要点写一篇短文:
1.移动支付的优缺点;
2.你的看法。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:微信WeChat支
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