第一部分 选择性必修第三册 UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION选择性必修第三册目

录Contents01基础帮默写自测02教材帮核心突破03高考帮题型对接04练习帮课时提能

基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.

vi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化2.

vt.&n.排放；释放；发布3.

n.燃料；刺激性言行

vt.给……提供燃料；加强；刺激4.

adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的melt

release

fuel

worldwide

5.

n.趋势；趋向6.

vt.&vi.(过去式

；过去分词

)播送；广播n.广播节目trend

broadcast

broadcast

broadcast

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ7.

n.政策；方针；原则8.

vt.抓住；夺取；控制9.

vi.&vt.改革n.改革policy

seize

reform

10.

vt.(过去式

；过去分词

)经历；经受(变

化、不快等)11.

vt.恢复；使复原；修复12.

n.(一)打；十二个13.

vt.对……处以罚款undergo

underwent

undergone

restore

dozen

fine

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅡ.拓展单词——通其变1.

vi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→

n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死→

adj.极饿的2.

n.生态；生态学→

n.生态学家→

adj.生态的；生态学的starve

starvation

starving

ecology

ecologist

ecological

3.

vt.维持；遭受；承受住→

adj.可持续的；合理利用的4.comprehendvi.&vt.理解；包括→

n.理解；包括→

adj.全部的；所有的；综合性的；详尽的5.

adj.经常的；频繁的→

adv.频繁地；经常→

n.频繁sustain

sustainable

comprehension

comprehensive

frequent

frequently

frequency

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.

vt.限制；限定；束缚→

n.限制规定；限制法规；约束

→restrictedadj.受限制的；保密的→restrictiveadj.限制性的；约束的7.

n.融洽；和谐→

adj.和谐的8.

vt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服→

n.提交；呈递；屈服→submissiveadj.顺从的9.

adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴→

adv.每年；一

年一次地restrict

restriction

harmony

harmonious

submit

submission

annual

annually

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ10.

n.感觉；理解力→

adj.明智的；合理的→senselessadj.无意

义的；失去知觉的→

adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→insensitiveadj.不敏感的；不在乎的；麻木的11.

n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)→

adj.烟雾弥漫的12.

vt.保护→

n.对(环境、文物等)保护；保持→

adj.保守的sense

sensible

sensitive

smog

smoggy

conserve

conservation

conservative

13.

vt.检查；视察→

n.检查；查看；视察→

n.检查员；视察员14.

vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerancen.容忍；宽容→

adj.可

容忍的→

adj.容忍的；宽容的inspect

inspection

inspector

tolerate

tolerable

tolerant

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅢ.阅读单词——晓其意1.graph

n.

⁠2.emission

n.

⁠3.fossil

n.

⁠4.footprint

n.

⁠5.tropical

adj.

⁠图；图表；曲线图

排放物；散发物；排放

化石

足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积

热带的；来自热带的

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.chaos

n.

⁠7.nuclear

adj.

⁠8.jungle

n.

⁠9.volume

n.

⁠10.enterprise

n.

⁠混乱；杂乱；紊乱

原子能的；核能的；原子核的

(热带)丛林；密林

量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷

公司；企业；事业

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅣ.核心短语——明搭配1.

对……有影响2.

对……造成伤害3.

导致4.

采取行动/措施5.

寻找haveanimpacton

causedamageto

leadto

takeaction/measures

insearchof

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.

灭亡7.

代表/代替某人8.

最终；结果9.

许多10.

在实施中；实际上dieout

onbehalfof

endup

dozensof

ineffect

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅤ.经典句式——会运用1.

.(Thereislittledoubtthat...)毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖。2.

.(without引起的虚拟语气)没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer

Withoutthisprocess，Earthcouldnotsustainlife

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ3.

⁠theriseintemperaturehasledto

anincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide，

⁠

.(that引导的同位语从句；notonly...but

also...)有强有力并且全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增加，不

仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人类生命损失。Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethat

notonlycausing

seriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ4.Previously，waterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfromanincreasingvolumeoftourists，

.(＂代词＋of＋whom＂引导的非限制性定语从句)此前，漓江的水质因游客数量增加而受到严重破坏，许多游客频繁将垃圾扔入

江中。manyofwhomfrequentlythrewgarbageintotheriver

5.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased，

⁠

.(＂with＋宾语＋现在分词＂构成的复合结构)随着越来越多的家庭和商业废水流入河流，水污染程度增加。withmorehouseholdandcommercialwasteending

endingupintheriver

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本单元词汇)1.Carbondioxideis

throughhumanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuels，

aswellasnaturalprocessessuchasvolcaniceruptions.2.Itiswarnedthatthiswarming

⁠willbecomeworseifwedonottakeappropriatemeasures.3.Anincreaseinaveragetemperaturebyonlyafewdegreescouldcauseenvironmental

problems

⁠.released

trend

worldwide

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Theconcertwillbe

liveontelevisionandradiotomorrowevening.5.Thepresentgovernment’s

oneducationtriestoincludeeverychild.6.Thelawneedstobe

⁠sinceitisnotsuitableanymorewiththedevelopmentofthecountry.7.Students

theopportunitytoenjoythemselvesinnature.8.Somechildren

⁠acompletetransformationwhentheybecometeenagers.broadcast

policy

reformed

seized

undergo

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Aftertheearthquake，some

⁠peopletrappedinruinsdiedof

atlast.(starve)2.Thegovernmenttriestobuilda

society，wherepeoplecanlive

withothers.(harmony)3.Theconsultantwasa

visitortothiscompanyinthelastmonth.Therefore，employeessawhiminmanager’soffice

.However，

the

⁠hasdecreasedalotthisweek.Maybetheproblemhasbeensolved.(frequent)starving

starvation

harmonious

harmoniously

frequent

frequently

frequency

4.Thecompanyistotally

byitssparemoney，andisboundtogointo

bankruptcywithouta

systeminthemonthsahead.(sustain)sustained

sustainable

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.To

wildlife，ourgovernmenttriesitsbesttoraisepublicawarenessof

wildlife

.Ata

estimate，hundredsofspecieshave

beensavedfromdistinction.(conserve)6.Agroupof

areaboutto

ourschool，andthentheywill

makeajudgmentaccordingtotheir

.(inspect)conserve

conservation

conservative

inspectors

inspect

inspection

7.Mybestfriend’sparentsarevery

⁠towardsherchoicesaslongastheyare

，butsometimesshepushesthemtoofar.(tolerate)8.

believethatthesystemisbothpracticaland

⁠

sound.(ecology)tolerant

tolerable

Ecologists

ecologically

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子haveanimpacton

takemeasures

dieout

onbehalfof

dozensof1.Ourgovernmentisattemptingto

topreventandcontrolairpollution.2.

volunteershavebeenassignedtodisposeofthegarbagesincelastweek.3.

thestaff，Iwishtoextendourwarmestwelcometoyou.takemeasures

Dozensof

Onbehalfof

4.Microplasticshavebecomeoneofthemostpressingglobalenvironmentalissues，

which

theclimateandenvironment.5.Oneofthequestionsunderdebateiswhethertraditionaltechnologyandmethodsareboundto

whenacountrybeginstodevelopmodernscienceandtechnology.haveanimpacton

dieout

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅣ.句式仿写1.毋庸置疑，汽车排放物已经成为一个大问题，尤其是在城市里。(Thereislittle

doubtthat...)

havebecomeabigproblem，especiallyincities.Thereislittledoubtthatcaremissions

2.没有严格的政策和有效的措施，中国就不可能在环境保护方面取得如此巨大的成

就。(without引起的虚拟语气)

⁠

⁠.3.有证据表明动植物对气候很敏感。(that引导的同位语从句)

⁠.Withoutstrictpoliciesandeffectivemeasures/steps，Chinacouldn’thavemadesuch

greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection

Thereisevidencethatanimalsandplantsaresensitivetoclimate

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.作为中国的首都，北京不仅有悠久的历史，还是一个现代化的城市。(notonly...butalso...)AsthecapitalofChina，Beijing

⁠.5.30名参赛者将参加，每人需要发表3至5分钟的演讲。(＂代词＋of＋whom＂引导的

非限制性定语从句)Thirtycompetitorswilltakepart，

⁠

⁠.notonlyhasalonghistory，butalsoisamoderncity

eachofwhomisrequiredtodeliveraspeechof3to

5minutes

6.随着暑假的临近，似乎每个人都在忙着做假期计划。(＂with＋

宾语

＋

现在分

词＂构成的复合结构)

，itseemsthateverybodyisbusymaking

holidayplans.Withthesummerholidaysapproaching

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ

1.Earthisgettingwarmer，whichisapoliticallysensitiveissuecausingmanycreatures

acrosstheworldtohavestarvedorevendied，accordingtosomebroadcasts.Forthis

phenomenon，the＂greenhouseeffect＂istoblame.Naturally，whentheheatfromthe

earthisreleasedbackintospace，greenhousegasesintheatmospheretrapsome，

keepingEarth’sclimateinaharmoniouswaytosustainlife.However，humanactivitieslikeburningfossil

fuelsproducetoomanygreenhousegases，whichcauseariseintemperatureonEarth.Luckily，governmentsworldwideareplanningreformsandcomprehensive

policiestorestrictgreenhousegasemissions，alongwiththeeffortsofenterprisesandthepublic.2.Nobodycantoleratelivinginahotpot.Thereisnodoubtthatmankindhastosubmit

tosomeurgentproblems—thewarmingtrendofEarthandtheconsequentproblemslike

themeltingice，

frequentextremeweatherandecological

chaos.Thereissomuchwe

mustdoandwecando.We，asindividuals，canreduceour＂carbonfootprint＂in

dozens

ofways.On

behalf

oftheyoung，Iwillseizeeveryopportunitytoplayarolein

theenvironmentalconservation

campaign.

1restrict

vt.限制，限定(limit)；束缚；妨碍；约束1.[译林选必②-3]Shouldwerestrictouruseofthistechnology

⁠thetreatmentand

preventionofdiseases？2.[译林选必④-2]Infact，therehaveneverbeenanyformalacademicrestrictions

⁠newborrowedwords.to

on

3.Onlya

(restrict)rangeofenterpriseswerefoundinaninspectiontorecyclecarbondioxideinsteadofreleasingitdirectlyintotheair.4.I

(限制自己每天只

玩半小时手机).教师尊享•点拨

restrict...to...中to为介词，其后只能跟名词、代词、动名词。restricted

restrictmyselftoplayingwithmycellphonehalfanhouraday

5.Anincreasingnumberofpeopleonlystayathomealldaylongbecauseoftheiraddictiontothoseelectronicdevices.→Itistheaddictiontothoseelectronicdevices

⁠

alldaylong.(强调句型)thatrestrictsanincreasingnumberofpeople

tostayingathome

★restrict...to...将……限定在……内restrictoneself/sb.to(doing)sth.限制自己/某人只做某事★restrictedadj.有限的；保密的berestrictedto...限于……★restrictionn.限制规定；限制法规；约束withoutrestriction不受限制arestrictiononsth.对……的限制2seize

vt.抓住；夺取；控制；扣押；(情绪)侵袭1.突然，她向前冲去，在门前抓住了母亲的手臂。(读后续写之动作描写)Allofasudden，shechargedforwardand

⁠

⁠infrontofthedoor.2.我强烈建议你们抓住每一个机会去减少碳足迹。I

⁠your

carbonfootprint.seizedhermotherbythearm/seizedher

mother’sarm

stronglyrecommend(that)you(should)seizeeveryopportunitytoreduce

3.听了这个坏消息，她感到一阵悲伤，忍不住痛哭。(读后续写之情绪描写)Uponhearingthebadnews，

⁠andcouldn’thelpcryingbitterly.★seizeachance/anopportunity抓住机会seizesb.bythearm/seizeone’sarm抓住某人的胳膊表情感的名词＋seizesb.＝sb.beseizedwith/by＋表情感的名词，表示＂某人突然感到……＂shewasseizedby/with(aburstof)sadness

3submit

vt.&

vi.(submitted，

submitted，

submitting)提交；呈递；屈服；被迫接受1.Papersonecology

(submit)afterthedeadlinewillbeconsideredlateand

receivelowergrades.submitted

2.Shehadtosubmitherselfto

(listen)tohiscontinuouscomplaintsabouthis

schoolpolicyfortherewasnooneelseintheroom.教师尊享•点拨

submit...to...中to为介词，其后只能跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。3.Whenisthefinaldateforthe

(submit)ofourproposals？listening

submission

4.尽管在日常生活中我经历了许多挑战和困难，我坚决不屈服于它们。EvenifIunderwentmanychallengesandhardshipsindailylife，

⁠

⁠.5.如果你对这个职位感兴趣，请于12月28日之前提交申请至校办公室。(通知)Ifyou’reinterestedintheposition，

⁠

⁠before28thDecember.Iwasdeterminednot

tosubmit(myself)tothem

pleasesubmityourapplicationtotheschooloffice

★submitsth.to...向……提交某物submit(oneself)to(doing)sth.屈服/顺从于(做)某事★submissionn.提交，呈递；屈服4sensitive

adj.敏感的，易生气的；善解人意的；灵敏的；过敏的敏感的，易生气的敏感的，须谨慎对待的易受影响的，过敏的4.[北师必修②-6]Empathymeansyoutrytoputyourselfinothers’shoesandbeawareof

andsensitive

⁠theirfeelings.5.他很敏感，而且相当严肃，生活中很少有朋友和他交流。(人物介绍)

，withfewfriendsinhislifetocommunicatewith.★besensitiveto/about对……敏感，忌讳……besensitiveto对……体贴/易过敏/灵敏★sensibleadj.明智的；合理的to

He’ssensitiveandratherserious

5tolerate

vt.忍受(put

up

with)；包容；容许

1.Ican’ttoleratehis

(throw)garbageeverywhereanymore！Thedisposal

issohard.2.[译林选必①-4]Thisopenand

(tolerate)atmosphereallowedLiBaithe

libertytodevelopafreeandunconstrainedpersonality，which，inturn，hadahuge

impactonhispoeticproduction.throwing

tolerant

3.她没有责备孩子，而是对他宽容地笑了笑，轻轻拍了拍他的肩膀。(读后续写之神态、动作描写)Insteadofblamingthechild，she

⁠andpattedhimonthe

shoulder.gavehimatolerantsmile

★tolerate/putupwith(doing)sth.忍受(做)某事can’ttolerate/bear/stand(doing)sth.不能忍受(做)某事★tolerantadj.容忍的；宽容的betolerantof/towards...容忍/宽容……6onbehalf

of代表(代替)；为了；为帮助1.我很高兴代表我们学校邀请你观看主题为＂自然爱好者＂的表演。(邀请信)→①

，I’mdelightedtoinviteyouto

watchtheperformancethemed＂Naturelovers＂.(onbehalfof)→②

，I’mdelightedtoinviteyoutowatchtheperformance

themed＂Naturelovers＂.(represent)Onbehalfofourschool/Onourschool’sbehalf

Representingourschool

2.众所周知，在中国传统文化中，红色代表幸福和吉祥。(中国文化)Asisknowntousall，

⁠intraditional

Chineseculture.教师尊享•点拨这里的＂代表＂为＂象征＂之意，可用standfor/represent，而不可用onbehalf

of；表示＂代表……的利益，作为……的代言人＂时可用onbehalfof/represent。redstandsfor/representshappinessandluck

★onbehalfofsb./onone’sbehalf代表(代替)某人；为了某人；为帮助某人★其他表示＂代表＂的词汇：representv.代表，作为……的代言人；象征；相当于standfor代表，表示；支持，主张7dozens

of许多；很多1.[人教必修③-1]Thenewlymarriedcouplereceived

(dozen)oflettersof

congratulationfromtheirfriends.2.[人教选必③-4]Itriedtophoneyouthismorning.Imusthavetriedadozen

(time)beforeIcaughtyouhere.dozens

times

3.Bythismorning，9peoplehavebeenconfirmeddeadanddozensofpeople

(be)stillmissing.4.我们有二十几名同学报名参加了比赛。

⁠教师尊享•点拨dozen后跟us，them，you这几个代词，或其后的复数名词受these/those/the/my/

名词所有格等修饰时，dozen后必须加of，表示＂部分与整体＂的关系。are

Twodozenofourclassmatesenteredforthecontest.

★dozenn.(一)打，十二个；[pl.]许多★dozen前有表示数字意义的词修饰时，不加-s，其后不用of。adozen＋可数名词复数

一打/十二个……；十来个……基数词/several/many＋dozen＋可数名词复数

几十个……8There

is

little/no

doubt

that...几乎没有/毫无疑问……1.[人教选必④-4]Tobehonest，Idoubt

I’mmakinganydifferenceto

theseboys’livesatall.2.[外研选必②-6]Thereisnodoubt

humankindisdrawntowardsMars，with

dreamsofmakingitoursecondhome.whether/if

that

3.毫无疑问，智能手机使我们与同学和家人的交流变得更加容易。→①

⁠smartphonesmakeiteasierforustocommunicatewithour

classmatesandfamily.(介词短语)→②

，smartphonesmakeiteasierforustocommunicatewithour

classmatesandfamily.(副词)→③

⁠smartphonesmakeiteasierforusto

communicatewithourclassmatesandfamily.(从句)Withoutdoubt

Undoubtedly

Thereisnodoubtthat/Nodoubt(that)

★There

is

little/no

doubt

that...中，that引导同位语从句，用于解释说明doubt的内容。★doubt

n.怀疑，不确定

＋

同位语从句doubt

whether...(一般不用if)no

doubt

that...without

doubt

毫无疑问，的确★doubt

v.怀疑，不确定

＋

宾语从句doubt

whether/if...not

doubt

(that)...★doubtful

adj.怀疑；未必；悬而未定

undoubtedly

adv.无疑9without引起的虚拟语气1.[北师选必①-3]没有森林，我们就没有呼吸的空气；没有干净的水，我们就无法

生存。Withoutforests，

，andwithoutcleanwater

⁠

⁠.wewouldhavenoairtobreathe

we

would/should/couldbeunabletosurvive

2.如果没有你及时的帮助，我的英语口语就不会有很快的进步。(感谢信)

Withoutyourtimelyhelp，Iwould/should/couldnothavemaderapidprogressinmy

oralEnglish.

⁠

⁠3.＂要是我没有睡着就好了！＂他充满了内疚和遗憾。＂

！＂Hewasfilledwithguiltandregret.(ifonly)IfonlyIhadn’tfallenasleep

4.那位陌生人耐心地把他带到画廊。否则，他就会错过这次展览。Thestrangerpatientlyguidedhimtothegallery.

⁠

.(otherwise)Otherwise，hecould/should/would

havemissedtheexhibition

★without＋

n./pron.可以引起虚拟语气，句子谓语动词(以do为例)如下：would/might/could/shoulddo(与现在或将来事实相反的假设)would/might/could/shouldhavedone(与过去事实相反的假设)★有类似用法的还有：with，butfor，ifonly，otherwise，or等。

Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]Cyclingisthemosteconomical，

(sustain)andfunway

toexplorethecity，withitsbeautifulcanals，parks，squaresandcountlesslights.sustainable

2.[2023全国乙]EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine，

itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappear

(frequent)onourtelevision

screens...3.[2023全国乙]Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodare

(broadcast)moreoftenthanbefore.frequently

broadcast

ⅠⅡⅢ4.[2021北京]Youmustshowproofofa

(comprehend)healthinsurancevalid(有效的)inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.教师尊享•点拨句意：你必须出示在整个实习期间在目标国家有效的综合健康保险证明。comprehensive

5.[2020浙江]TodothisIhavesearchedthrough

(dozen)ofplaystofindtheonesthatIthinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.6.[天津高考]Submitatopicproposal

⁠yourhistoryteacher.Theteachermayrequireasecondproposalifthefirstisoff-topicorunclear.7.[江苏高考]Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel：hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstoprevent

(starve)

duringthewetseason.dozens

to

starvation

ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.阅读理解——

一词多义、熟词生义1.A.音量B.书C.量，额①[2023新高考Ⅱ]Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—

absorbedinavolume，deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.

⁠②[2020北京]Forexample，algorithms(算法)carryouthugevolumesoftradingonour

financialmarkets，self-drivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets...

⁠③[北京高考]With

TV

Ears

wireless

technology，

you

set

your

own

headset

volume，

while

other

TV

listeners

hear

the

television

atavolume

level

that’s

comfortable

for

them.

⁠B

C

A

ⅠⅡⅢ教师尊享•点拨

volume还有＂容量；(书籍的)卷，册＂之意。如：☆jarsofdifferentvolumes不同容量的罐子☆thefirstvolumeofhisautobiography他自传的第一卷☆alibraryofover50，000volumes藏书5万多册的图书馆ⅠⅡⅢ2.[2021北京]We’renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers，whicharesensitivetolocalandgloba