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UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION选择性必修第三册目

录Contents01基础帮默写自测02教材帮核心突破03高考帮题型对接04练习帮课时提能

基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.

vi.&vt.(使)融化;熔化;软化2.

vt.&n.排放;释放;发布3.

n.燃料;刺激性言行

vt.给……提供燃料;加强;刺激4.

adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的melt

release

fuel

worldwide

5.

n.趋势;趋向6.

vt.&vi.(过去式

;过去分词

)播送;广播n.广播节目trend

broadcast

broadcast

broadcast

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ7.

n.政策;方针;原则8.

vt.抓住;夺取;控制9.

vi.&vt.改革n.改革policy

seize

reform

10.

vt.(过去式

;过去分词

)经历;经受(变

化、不快等)11.

vt.恢复;使复原;修复12.

n.(一)打;十二个13.

vt.对……处以罚款undergo

underwent

undergone

restore

dozen

fine

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅡ.拓展单词——通其变1.

vi.&vt.(使)挨饿;饿死→

n.饥饿;挨饿;饿死→

adj.极饿的2.

n.生态;生态学→

n.生态学家→

adj.生态的;生态学的starve

starvation

starving

ecology

ecologist

ecological

3.

vt.维持;遭受;承受住→

adj.可持续的;合理利用的4.comprehendvi.&vt.理解;包括→

n.理解;包括→

adj.全部的;所有的;综合性的;详尽的5.

adj.经常的;频繁的→

adv.频繁地;经常→

n.频繁sustain

sustainable

comprehension

comprehensive

frequent

frequently

frequency

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.

vt.限制;限定;束缚→

n.限制规定;限制法规;约束

→restrictedadj.受限制的;保密的→restrictiveadj.限制性的;约束的7.

n.融洽;和谐→

adj.和谐的8.

vt.&vi.提交;呈递;屈服→

n.提交;呈递;屈服→submissiveadj.顺从的9.

adj.每年的;一年的n.年刊;年鉴→

adv.每年;一

年一次地restrict

restriction

harmony

harmonious

submit

submission

annual

annually

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ10.

n.感觉;理解力→

adj.明智的;合理的→senselessadj.无意

义的;失去知觉的→

adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的→insensitiveadj.不敏感的;不在乎的;麻木的11.

n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)→

adj.烟雾弥漫的12.

vt.保护→

n.对(环境、文物等)保护;保持→

adj.保守的sense

sensible

sensitive

smog

smoggy

conserve

conservation

conservative

13.

vt.检查;视察→

n.检查;查看;视察→

n.检查员;视察员14.

vt.忍受;包容;容许→tolerancen.容忍;宽容→

adj.可

容忍的→

adj.容忍的;宽容的inspect

inspection

inspector

tolerate

tolerable

tolerant

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅢ.阅读单词——晓其意1.graph

n.

⁠2.emission

n.

⁠3.fossil

n.

⁠4.footprint

n.

⁠5.tropical

adj.

⁠图;图表;曲线图

排放物;散发物;排放

化石

足迹;(某物所占的)空间量;面积

热带的;来自热带的

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.chaos

n.

⁠7.nuclear

adj.

⁠8.jungle

n.

⁠9.volume

n.

⁠10.enterprise

n.

⁠混乱;杂乱;紊乱

原子能的;核能的;原子核的

(热带)丛林;密林

量;体积;(成套书籍中的)一卷

公司;企业;事业

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅣ.核心短语——明搭配1.

对……有影响2.

对……造成伤害3.

导致4.

采取行动/措施5.

寻找haveanimpacton

causedamageto

leadto

takeaction/measures

insearchof

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.

灭亡7.

代表/代替某人8.

最终;结果9.

许多10.

在实施中;实际上dieout

onbehalfof

endup

dozensof

ineffect

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅤ.经典句式——会运用1.

.(Thereislittledoubtthat...)毫无疑问,地球正变得越来越暖。2.

.(without引起的虚拟语气)没有这个过程,地球就无法维持生命。ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer

Withoutthisprocess,Earthcouldnotsustainlife

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ3.

⁠theriseintemperaturehasledto

anincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide,

.(that引导的同位语从句;notonly...but

also...)有强有力并且全面的证据表明,气温上升已导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增加,不

仅造成严重破坏,而且造成人类生命损失。Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethat

notonlycausing

seriousdamage,butalsocostinghumanlives

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ4.Previously,waterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfromanincreasingvolumeoftourists,

.("代词+of+whom"引导的非限制性定语从句)此前,漓江的水质因游客数量增加而受到严重破坏,许多游客频繁将垃圾扔入

江中。manyofwhomfrequentlythrewgarbageintotheriver

5.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased,

.("with+宾语+现在分词"构成的复合结构)随着越来越多的家庭和商业废水流入河流,水污染程度增加。withmorehouseholdandcommercialwasteending

endingupintheriver

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本单元词汇)1.Carbondioxideis

throughhumanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuels,

aswellasnaturalprocessessuchasvolcaniceruptions.2.Itiswarnedthatthiswarming

⁠willbecomeworseifwedonottakeappropriatemeasures.3.Anincreaseinaveragetemperaturebyonlyafewdegreescouldcauseenvironmental

problems

⁠.released

trend

worldwide

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Theconcertwillbe

liveontelevisionandradiotomorrowevening.5.Thepresentgovernment’s

oneducationtriestoincludeeverychild.6.Thelawneedstobe

⁠sinceitisnotsuitableanymorewiththedevelopmentofthecountry.7.Students

theopportunitytoenjoythemselvesinnature.8.Somechildren

⁠acompletetransformationwhentheybecometeenagers.broadcast

policy

reformed

seized

undergo

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Aftertheearthquake,some

⁠peopletrappedinruinsdiedof

atlast.(starve)2.Thegovernmenttriestobuilda

society,wherepeoplecanlive

withothers.(harmony)3.Theconsultantwasa

visitortothiscompanyinthelastmonth.Therefore,employeessawhiminmanager’soffice

.However,

the

⁠hasdecreasedalotthisweek.Maybetheproblemhasbeensolved.(frequent)starving

starvation

harmonious

harmoniously

frequent

frequently

frequency

4.Thecompanyistotally

byitssparemoney,andisboundtogointo

bankruptcywithouta

systeminthemonthsahead.(sustain)sustained

sustainable

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.To

wildlife,ourgovernmenttriesitsbesttoraisepublicawarenessof

wildlife

.Ata

estimate,hundredsofspecieshave

beensavedfromdistinction.(conserve)6.Agroupof

areaboutto

ourschool,andthentheywill

makeajudgmentaccordingtotheir

.(inspect)conserve

conservation

conservative

inspectors

inspect

inspection

7.Mybestfriend’sparentsarevery

⁠towardsherchoicesaslongastheyare

,butsometimesshepushesthemtoofar.(tolerate)8.

believethatthesystemisbothpracticaland

sound.(ecology)tolerant

tolerable

Ecologists

ecologically

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子haveanimpacton

takemeasures

dieout

onbehalfof

dozensof1.Ourgovernmentisattemptingto

topreventandcontrolairpollution.2.

volunteershavebeenassignedtodisposeofthegarbagesincelastweek.3.

thestaff,Iwishtoextendourwarmestwelcometoyou.takemeasures

Dozensof

Onbehalfof

4.Microplasticshavebecomeoneofthemostpressingglobalenvironmentalissues,

which

theclimateandenvironment.5.Oneofthequestionsunderdebateiswhethertraditionaltechnologyandmethodsareboundto

whenacountrybeginstodevelopmodernscienceandtechnology.haveanimpacton

dieout

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅣ.句式仿写1.毋庸置疑,汽车排放物已经成为一个大问题,尤其是在城市里。(Thereislittle

doubtthat...)

havebecomeabigproblem,especiallyincities.Thereislittledoubtthatcaremissions

2.没有严格的政策和有效的措施,中国就不可能在环境保护方面取得如此巨大的成

就。(without引起的虚拟语气)

⁠.3.有证据表明动植物对气候很敏感。(that引导的同位语从句)

⁠.Withoutstrictpoliciesandeffectivemeasures/steps,Chinacouldn’thavemadesuch

greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection

Thereisevidencethatanimalsandplantsaresensitivetoclimate

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.作为中国的首都,北京不仅有悠久的历史,还是一个现代化的城市。(notonly...butalso...)AsthecapitalofChina,Beijing

⁠.5.30名参赛者将参加,每人需要发表3至5分钟的演讲。("代词+of+whom"引导的

非限制性定语从句)Thirtycompetitorswilltakepart,

⁠.notonlyhasalonghistory,butalsoisamoderncity

eachofwhomisrequiredtodeliveraspeechof3to

5minutes

6.随着暑假的临近,似乎每个人都在忙着做假期计划。("with+

宾语

现在分

词"构成的复合结构)

,itseemsthateverybodyisbusymaking

holidayplans.Withthesummerholidaysapproaching

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ

1.Earthisgettingwarmer,whichisapoliticallysensitiveissuecausingmanycreatures

acrosstheworldtohavestarvedorevendied,accordingtosomebroadcasts.Forthis

phenomenon,the"greenhouseeffect"istoblame.Naturally,whentheheatfromthe

earthisreleasedbackintospace,greenhousegasesintheatmospheretrapsome,

keepingEarth’sclimateinaharmoniouswaytosustainlife.However,humanactivitieslikeburningfossil

fuelsproducetoomanygreenhousegases,whichcauseariseintemperatureonEarth.Luckily,governmentsworldwideareplanningreformsandcomprehensive

policiestorestrictgreenhousegasemissions,alongwiththeeffortsofenterprisesandthepublic.2.Nobodycantoleratelivinginahotpot.Thereisnodoubtthatmankindhastosubmit

tosomeurgentproblems—thewarmingtrendofEarthandtheconsequentproblemslike

themeltingice,

frequentextremeweatherandecological

chaos.Thereissomuchwe

mustdoandwecando.We,asindividuals,canreduceour"carbonfootprint"in

dozens

ofways.On

behalf

oftheyoung,Iwillseizeeveryopportunitytoplayarolein

theenvironmentalconservation

campaign.

1restrict

vt.限制,限定(limit);束缚;妨碍;约束1.[译林选必②-3]Shouldwerestrictouruseofthistechnology

⁠thetreatmentand

preventionofdiseases?2.[译林选必④-2]Infact,therehaveneverbeenanyformalacademicrestrictions

⁠newborrowedwords.to

on

3.Onlya

(restrict)rangeofenterpriseswerefoundinaninspectiontorecyclecarbondioxideinsteadofreleasingitdirectlyintotheair.4.I

(限制自己每天只

玩半小时手机).教师尊享•点拨

restrict...to...中to为介词,其后只能跟名词、代词、动名词。restricted

restrictmyselftoplayingwithmycellphonehalfanhouraday

5.Anincreasingnumberofpeopleonlystayathomealldaylongbecauseoftheiraddictiontothoseelectronicdevices.→Itistheaddictiontothoseelectronicdevices

alldaylong.(强调句型)thatrestrictsanincreasingnumberofpeople

tostayingathome

★restrict...to...将……限定在……内restrictoneself/sb.to(doing)sth.限制自己/某人只做某事★restrictedadj.有限的;保密的berestrictedto...限于……★restrictionn.限制规定;限制法规;约束withoutrestriction不受限制arestrictiononsth.对……的限制2seize

vt.抓住;夺取;控制;扣押;(情绪)侵袭1.突然,她向前冲去,在门前抓住了母亲的手臂。(读后续写之动作描写)Allofasudden,shechargedforwardand

⁠infrontofthedoor.2.我强烈建议你们抓住每一个机会去减少碳足迹。I

⁠your

carbonfootprint.seizedhermotherbythearm/seizedher

mother’sarm

stronglyrecommend(that)you(should)seizeeveryopportunitytoreduce

3.听了这个坏消息,她感到一阵悲伤,忍不住痛哭。(读后续写之情绪描写)Uponhearingthebadnews,

⁠andcouldn’thelpcryingbitterly.★seizeachance/anopportunity抓住机会seizesb.bythearm/seizeone’sarm抓住某人的胳膊表情感的名词+seizesb.=sb.beseizedwith/by+表情感的名词,表示"某人突然感到……"shewasseizedby/with(aburstof)sadness

3submit

vt.&

vi.(submitted,

submitted,

submitting)提交;呈递;屈服;被迫接受1.Papersonecology

(submit)afterthedeadlinewillbeconsideredlateand

receivelowergrades.submitted

2.Shehadtosubmitherselfto

(listen)tohiscontinuouscomplaintsabouthis

schoolpolicyfortherewasnooneelseintheroom.教师尊享•点拨

submit...to...中to为介词,其后只能跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。3.Whenisthefinaldateforthe

(submit)ofourproposals?listening

submission

4.尽管在日常生活中我经历了许多挑战和困难,我坚决不屈服于它们。EvenifIunderwentmanychallengesandhardshipsindailylife,

⁠.5.如果你对这个职位感兴趣,请于12月28日之前提交申请至校办公室。(通知)Ifyou’reinterestedintheposition,

⁠before28thDecember.Iwasdeterminednot

tosubmit(myself)tothem

pleasesubmityourapplicationtotheschooloffice

★submitsth.to...向……提交某物submit(oneself)to(doing)sth.屈服/顺从于(做)某事★submissionn.提交,呈递;屈服4sensitive

adj.敏感的,易生气的;善解人意的;灵敏的;过敏的敏感的,易生气的敏感的,须谨慎对待的易受影响的,过敏的4.[北师必修②-6]Empathymeansyoutrytoputyourselfinothers’shoesandbeawareof

andsensitive

⁠theirfeelings.5.他很敏感,而且相当严肃,生活中很少有朋友和他交流。(人物介绍)

,withfewfriendsinhislifetocommunicatewith.★besensitiveto/about对……敏感,忌讳……besensitiveto对……体贴/易过敏/灵敏★sensibleadj.明智的;合理的to

He’ssensitiveandratherserious

5tolerate

vt.忍受(put

up

with);包容;容许

1.Ican’ttoleratehis

(throw)garbageeverywhereanymore!Thedisposal

issohard.2.[译林选必①-4]Thisopenand

(tolerate)atmosphereallowedLiBaithe

libertytodevelopafreeandunconstrainedpersonality,which,inturn,hadahuge

impactonhispoeticproduction.throwing

tolerant

3.她没有责备孩子,而是对他宽容地笑了笑,轻轻拍了拍他的肩膀。(读后续写之神态、动作描写)Insteadofblamingthechild,she

⁠andpattedhimonthe

shoulder.gavehimatolerantsmile

★tolerate/putupwith(doing)sth.忍受(做)某事can’ttolerate/bear/stand(doing)sth.不能忍受(做)某事★tolerantadj.容忍的;宽容的betolerantof/towards...容忍/宽容……6onbehalf

of代表(代替);为了;为帮助1.我很高兴代表我们学校邀请你观看主题为"自然爱好者"的表演。(邀请信)→①

,I’mdelightedtoinviteyouto

watchtheperformancethemed"Naturelovers".(onbehalfof)→②

,I’mdelightedtoinviteyoutowatchtheperformance

themed"Naturelovers".(represent)Onbehalfofourschool/Onourschool’sbehalf

Representingourschool

2.众所周知,在中国传统文化中,红色代表幸福和吉祥。(中国文化)Asisknowntousall,

⁠intraditional

Chineseculture.教师尊享•点拨这里的"代表"为"象征"之意,可用standfor/represent,而不可用onbehalf

of;表示"代表……的利益,作为……的代言人"时可用onbehalfof/represent。redstandsfor/representshappinessandluck

★onbehalfofsb./onone’sbehalf代表(代替)某人;为了某人;为帮助某人★其他表示"代表"的词汇:representv.代表,作为……的代言人;象征;相当于standfor代表,表示;支持,主张7dozens

of许多;很多1.[人教必修③-1]Thenewlymarriedcouplereceived

(dozen)oflettersof

congratulationfromtheirfriends.2.[人教选必③-4]Itriedtophoneyouthismorning.Imusthavetriedadozen

(time)beforeIcaughtyouhere.dozens

times

3.Bythismorning,9peoplehavebeenconfirmeddeadanddozensofpeople

(be)stillmissing.4.我们有二十几名同学报名参加了比赛。

⁠教师尊享•点拨dozen后跟us,them,you这几个代词,或其后的复数名词受these/those/the/my/

名词所有格等修饰时,dozen后必须加of,表示"部分与整体"的关系。are

Twodozenofourclassmatesenteredforthecontest.

★dozenn.(一)打,十二个;[pl.]许多★dozen前有表示数字意义的词修饰时,不加-s,其后不用of。adozen+可数名词复数

一打/十二个……;十来个……基数词/several/many+dozen+可数名词复数

几十个……8There

is

little/no

doubt

that...几乎没有/毫无疑问……1.[人教选必④-4]Tobehonest,Idoubt

I’mmakinganydifferenceto

theseboys’livesatall.2.[外研选必②-6]Thereisnodoubt

humankindisdrawntowardsMars,with

dreamsofmakingitoursecondhome.whether/if

that

3.毫无疑问,智能手机使我们与同学和家人的交流变得更加容易。→①

⁠smartphonesmakeiteasierforustocommunicatewithour

classmatesandfamily.(介词短语)→②

,smartphonesmakeiteasierforustocommunicatewithour

classmatesandfamily.(副词)→③

⁠smartphonesmakeiteasierforusto

communicatewithourclassmatesandfamily.(从句)Withoutdoubt

Undoubtedly

Thereisnodoubtthat/Nodoubt(that)

★There

is

little/no

doubt

that...中,that引导同位语从句,用于解释说明doubt的内容。★doubt

n.怀疑,不确定

同位语从句doubt

whether...(一般不用if)no

doubt

that...without

doubt

毫无疑问,的确★doubt

v.怀疑,不确定

宾语从句doubt

whether/if...not

doubt

(that)...★doubtful

adj.怀疑;未必;悬而未定

undoubtedly

adv.无疑9without引起的虚拟语气1.[北师选必①-3]没有森林,我们就没有呼吸的空气;没有干净的水,我们就无法

生存。Withoutforests,

,andwithoutcleanwater

⁠.wewouldhavenoairtobreathe

we

would/should/couldbeunabletosurvive

2.如果没有你及时的帮助,我的英语口语就不会有很快的进步。(感谢信)

Withoutyourtimelyhelp,Iwould/should/couldnothavemaderapidprogressinmy

oralEnglish.

⁠3."要是我没有睡着就好了!"他充满了内疚和遗憾。"

!"Hewasfilledwithguiltandregret.(ifonly)IfonlyIhadn’tfallenasleep

4.那位陌生人耐心地把他带到画廊。否则,他就会错过这次展览。Thestrangerpatientlyguidedhimtothegallery.

.(otherwise)Otherwise,hecould/should/would

havemissedtheexhibition

★without+

n./pron.可以引起虚拟语气,句子谓语动词(以do为例)如下:would/might/could/shoulddo(与现在或将来事实相反的假设)would/might/could/shouldhavedone(与过去事实相反的假设)★有类似用法的还有:with,butfor,ifonly,otherwise,or等。

Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]Cyclingisthemosteconomical,

(sustain)andfunway

toexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.sustainable

2.[2023全国乙]EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,

itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappear

(frequent)onourtelevision

screens...3.[2023全国乙]Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodare

(broadcast)moreoftenthanbefore.frequently

broadcast

ⅠⅡⅢ4.[2021北京]Youmustshowproofofa

(comprehend)healthinsurancevalid(有效的)inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.教师尊享•点拨句意:你必须出示在整个实习期间在目标国家有效的综合健康保险证明。comprehensive

5.[2020浙江]TodothisIhavesearchedthrough

(dozen)ofplaystofindtheonesthatIthinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.6.[天津高考]Submitatopicproposal

⁠yourhistoryteacher.Theteachermayrequireasecondproposalifthefirstisoff-topicorunclear.7.[江苏高考]Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstoprevent

(starve)

duringthewetseason.dozens

to

starvation

ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.阅读理解——

一词多义、熟词生义1.A.音量B.书C.量,额①[2023新高考Ⅱ]Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—

absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.

⁠②[2020北京]Forexample,algorithms(算法)carryouthugevolumesoftradingonour

financialmarkets,self-drivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets...

⁠③[北京高考]With

TV

Ears

wireless

technology,

you

set

your

own

headset

volume,

while

other

TV

listeners

hear

the

television

atavolume

level

that’s

comfortable

for

them.

⁠B

C

A

ⅠⅡⅢ教师尊享•点拨

volume还有"容量;(书籍的)卷,册"之意。如:☆jarsofdifferentvolumes不同容量的罐子☆thefirstvolumeofhisautobiography他自传的第一卷☆alibraryofover50,000volumes藏书5万多册的图书馆ⅠⅡⅢ2.[2021北京]We’renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitivetolocalandgloba

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