河南省2023-2024学年高一下学期部分高中2月开学联考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省2023-2024学年高一下学期部分高中2月开学联考英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AParis,thecapitalofFrance,hassomeattractivebridges.ThesearefourofthemostbeautifulbridgesinParis:someiniconic(标志性的)placesyou’veseeninthemovies,andothersinquietplacesthatyou’lldelightindiscovering.PontdesArtsConnectingtheLouvreMuseumtotheInstitutdeFrance,thePontdesArts,firstbuiltbyNapoleonBonapartein1804andreconstructedinthe1970s,isabridgeonlyforpeoplewalkingthatisbelovedbytouristsandlocalsalike.Inthespringandsummermonths,ParisiansandvisitorscomehereforlazypicnicsoverlookingtheSeine.PontMarleThislovelybutlittle-knownbridgeisagatewaybetweentheMaraisdistrictontherightbankandanaturalislandontheSeineRiver.Thecurrentstonestructuredatestoaround1670,followingafireonitswoodenstructurethatdestroyedmuchoftheoriginalbridgeandthehousesthatoncestoodonit.Ithasremainedmuchthesamesincethe18thcentury,makingitoneofParis’oldestbridges.PontAlexandreⅢThePontAlexandreⅢisprobablythemostattractiveofParis’manybridges.Builtbetween1896and1900,itconnectsthedesInvalideswiththegardensofthePetitPalais.It’safterdarkthatyoucanbestappreciateitsdelicatestatuesandotherdecorativeelements.PontNeufFirstbuiltin1578byKingHenryⅢ,PontNeufhasseennumerousreconstructionsandchangesoverthecenturies.ButitconservesitsRoman-inspiredarch(拱形)structures.Thisisalovelybridgethatofferseasyandpicturesqueaccesstotheleftandrightbank.Havesomeicecream,explorethelovelyriversidepathsandenjoyviewsofNotreDameCathedral.1.WhatisspecialaboutthePontdesArts?A.Ithasbeenrebuiltmanytimes. B.ItisoneofParis’oldestbridges.C.Itisabridgeonlyforpeoplewalking. D.ItisthemostattractivebridgeinParis.2.Whichistheoldestamongthefourbridges?A.PontdesArts. B.PontMarie.C.PontAlexandreⅢ D.PontNeuf.3.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Anewsreport. D.Abookreview.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了法国首都巴黎有一些很有吸引力的桥梁。【1题详析】细节理解题。文章PontdesArts段讲到“ConnectingtheLouvreMuseumtotheInstitutdeFrance,thePontdesArts,firstbuiltbyNapoleonBonapartein1804and

reconstructedinthe1970s,isabridgeonlyforpeoplewalkingthatisbelovedbytouristsandlocalsalike.(连接卢浮宫和法兰西学院的艺术桥(PontdesArts)是1804年由拿破仑·波拿巴(NapoleonBonaparte)建造的，在20世纪70年代重建，是一座仅供行人行走的桥，受到游客和当地人的喜爱。)”可知，艺术桥的特别之处是这是一座供人行走的桥。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。文章PontdesArts部分讲到“firstbuiltbyNapoleonBonapartein1804(1804年由拿破仑·波拿巴首次建造)”、PontMarie.部分讲到“Thecurrentstonestructuredatestoaround1670(目前的石头结构可以追溯到1670年左右)”、PontAlexandreⅢ部分讲到“Builtbetween1896and1900(建于1896年至1900年)”以及PontNeuf部分讲到“Firstbuiltin1578byKingHenryⅢ(始建于1578年，由国王亨利三世建造)”可知，四座桥中最古老的是PontNeuf。故选D。【3题详析】推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“Paris,thecapitalofFrance,hassomeattractivebridges.ThesearefourofthemostbeautifulbridgesinParis:someiniconic(标志性的)placesyou’veseeninthemovies,andothersinquietplacesthatyou’lldelightindiscovering.(法国首都巴黎有一些很有吸引力的桥梁。这是巴黎最美丽的四座桥：一些在你在电影中看到的标志性地方，另一些在你乐于发现的安静地方。)”可知，本文大概出自一本指南。故选A。BLotsofkidsliketotalkaboutsports,butJosephD’AvirrotalksaboutsportslikeaprofessionalhostinashowcalledSliders&Curveballs.The9-year-oldfromNewington,Connecticutisanaturalatsportstalkandhasbeenbroadcastingtheshow—whichisaboutbaseball,basketballandothersports—withhisdad,MikeD’Avirro,sinceSeptember2019.TheD’AvirrostartedthebroadcastaftertwoformercollegeroommatesofMikedied,whichmadeMikewanttospendmoretimewithhisson.Thentheideacametohim.Sofar,theyhavedoneabout50programs.Joseph’sfavoriteiswhenthefather-and-sonteaminterviewedJimCalhoun,thecoachleadingtheConnecticutHuskiestothreenationaltitles.Theyhavealsointerviewedimportantsportsauthors.Thefatherandsonmakeaboutone30-to40-minutepodcasteachmonth.Theyprepareforthepodcastsbydecidingonthequestionstheywanttoasktheguest.Josephaskshalfofthequestions,andMikehandlestheotherhalf.Josephreadshisquestionsagainandagaintogettheminhisbrainwell.Itisalotofwork,butJosephsaysitis“alotmorefunthanhomework”.Josephhasalsolearnedtospeakupandspeakclearly.Hehastolistenandtogowiththeflowoftheconversation.Forexample,hesaid,“Iftheguestistalkingaboutsportsinthe1990s,youhavetothinkaboutsportsinthe1990s.”Whenaskedhowlongheandhisdadwillcontinuedoingtheshow,heanswered,“Untilmydadstartsgrowinggrayhairs.”Josephhasotherambitionswhenhegrowsup—tobeasportsplayer,asportsbroadcasterortoownabasketballteam.Thosearebigdreams,butJosephisalreadylivingadream:talkingsportsandspendingtimewithhisdad.4.WhatisJoseph’sshowabout?A.Sometalkshowsonsports.B.Waystogetalongwithparents.C.Storiesaboutfamoussportsplayers.D.Sportsthathisfamilylovesplaying.5.WhatinspiredMiketostarttheshowwithhisson?A.Hisson’stalentforsports.B.Hiswishtobeahostsincecollege.C.Thedeathsofhiscollegeroommates.D.Theencouragementfromhisroommates.6.WhatdoesJosephthinkofmemorizinghisquestions?A.It’sasboringashomework.B.It’schallengingtohisbrain.C.Ittakesalotoftimebutmeansalot.D.It’smoreinterestingthanhomework.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ArisingsportsbroadcasterB.AlongroadtogotosuccessC.Thefather-and-sonteamhostsD.JosephD’Avirro’sbigdream【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了九岁男孩Joseph和爸爸一起做体育节目。Joseph喜欢这个节目，已经做了50个节目，采访了重要的体育人物和作家。Joseph觉得准备节目比做作业更有趣。他们会一直做下去，直到爸爸变白头发。这个故事展示了Joseph实现了与爸爸一起讨论体育的梦想。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“The9-year-oldfromNewington,Connecticutisanaturalatsportstalkandhasbeenbroadcastingtheshow—whichisaboutbaseball,basketballandothersports—withhisdad,MikeD’Avirro,sinceSeptember2019.(这位来自康涅狄格州纽因顿的9岁男孩天生擅长体育谈话，自2019年9月以来，他一直在和父亲MikeD’Avirro一起播报这个关于棒球、篮球和其他运动的节目)”可知，

Joseph的节目是一个关于运动的体育谈话节目。故选A。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“TheD’AvirrostartedthebroadcastaftertwoformercollegeroommatesofMikedied,whichmadeMikewanttospendmoretimewithhisson.(在迈克的两个大学前室友去世后，D’Avirro开始播报，这让迈克想花更多的时间和儿子在一起)”可知，大学室友的去世激发了Mike与儿子一起做节目。故选C。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Josephaskshalfofthequestions,andMikehandlestheotherhalf.Josephreadshisquestionsagainandagaintogettheminhisbrainwell.Itisalotofwork,butJosephsaysitis“alotmorefunthanhomework”.(Joseph问一半的问题，Mike处理另一半。Joseph一遍又一遍地读他的问题，把它们牢牢记在脑子里。这是一项繁重的工作，但Joseph说这“比家庭作业有趣得多”)”可知，对于在谈话节目中要处理的问题，Joseph认为这比家庭作业更有趣。故选D。【7题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，九岁男孩Joseph和爸爸一起做体育节目。Joseph喜欢这个节目，已经做了50个节目，采访了重要的体育人物和作家。Joseph觉得准备节目比做作业更有趣。他们会一直做下去，直到爸爸变白头发。这个故事展示了Joseph实现了与爸爸一起讨论体育的梦想。C选项“Thefather-and-sonteamhosts(父子组合担任主持人)”概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选C。CInthenorthernmostedgeofColombiasitsthecoastaltownofAcandí.Accesstothetownisonlybywaterorair;thereisnoroadthatleadsthere.Theresidentstherearefacedwiththestrugglesofbalancinglivelihoodswhileprotectingbiodiversity.Inthepast,traditionalcommunityfishingmethods,passeddownbytheelders,focusedonthereasonablefishingandmanagementofresources.However,theintroductionoflarge-scaletrawlingvessels(拖网渔船)decadesagograduallydepletedthearea’sfishingresources,leadingtodamagetomarine(海洋的)lifeseriously.JesúsAntonioJulioCuestas,whoservesintheregion’sconservationandmanagementofmarineresources,stressesthebadimpactofthesedevelopmentsandcallsfornewfishingtechniques.“Fishingandconservationco-existaslongaswehavegoodmanagementpracticesandreasonableuseofourfishingresources,”saysCuestas.HeandotherofficialsactivelymonitorfishingactivitiesinAcandí.Eachmorning,theyvisitthefishmarketstogatherdataonfisheryresources—includingpricesandsizes—tomonitorthestateofthelocalfishingindustry.AlongwithCuestas,thefishersworktoreducetheirimpactonthemarineecosystem.Bychangingfishingmethodsandadoptingnewpractices,theyaimforamorebalancedapproachtofishing.“Thisyearthelocalfishermenhavenotusedthetrawlnetsthatwerecausingthedeathoftheleatherbackseaturtles,”explainsCuestasproudly.Changesincludetheeffortsofboatstoprotecttheseagrassthatservesasfeedinggroundsformarinelifeandanendtofishersthrowingnetswhereturtleslaytheireggs.ThismarinereserveinAcandí,Cuestasbelieves,istheirgreatesttreasure.Heattachesgreatimportancetoworkingtogetherwithlocalresidentstoimprovethequalityoflifewhilepreservingthemarineecosystem.Bydoingso,heimaginesapicturewhereindividualsfromthefishingcommunitycanpursuevariouscareers,suchasengineersorlawyers,proudlystatingthattheyaretheproductsofthefishingtraditioninAcandí.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“depleted”inparagraph2mean?A.Reused. B.Restored.C.Explored. D.Reduced.9.WhydoesJulioCuestascallfornewfishingtechniques?A.Tocutdownonthecostsoffishing.B.Toimprovetheincomeoflocalresidents.C.Topromotethewell-beingofmarinewildlife.D.Tospreadtraditionalcommunityfishingmethods.10.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theaimofthechangestofishingmethods.B.Theeffortstopreservemarineecosystem.C.Theresultsthetrawlnetshavebroughtabout.D.Theimpactoffishersonthelocalenvironment.11.WhatisJulioCuestas’sattitudetowardsAcandí’sfuture?A.Confident. B.Uncaring.C.Concerned. D.Doubtful.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是哥伦比亚最北部的沿海小镇Acandí，该地的居民在保护生物多样性的同时努力平衡生计。【8题详析】词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Inthepast,traditionalcommunityfishingmethods,passeddownbytheelders,focusedonthereasonablefishingandmanagementofresources.(在过去，传统的社区捕鱼方法是由长辈传下来的，注重合理捕捞和资源管理。)”同时根据划线词后面的内容“leadingtodamagetomarine(海洋的)lifeseriously.(导致海洋生物严重受损。)”可知，传统的社区捕鱼方法是注重合理捕捞和资源管理的，可是拖网渔船的捕捞方式导致海洋生物严重受损，前后构成转折关系，故这种捕捞方式导致海洋捕鱼资源不断减少。故划线词与D选项“Reduced.(减少)”为同义词。故选D。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“However,theintroductionoflarge-scaletrawlingvessels(拖网渔船)decadesagograduallydepletedthearea’sfishingresources,leadingtodamagetomarine(海洋的)lifeseriously.(然而，几十年前引进的大型拖网渔船逐渐耗尽了该地区的渔业资源，导致海洋生物受到严重破坏。)”以及第三段中“JesúsAntonioJulioCuestas,whoservesintheregion’sconservationandmanagementofmarineresources,stressesthebadimpactofthesedevelopmentsandcallsfornewfishingtechniques.(Jesús负责该地区海洋资源保护和管理的AntonioJulioCuestas强调了这些发展的不良影响，并呼吁采用新的捕鱼技术。)”可知，因为Jesús注意到了这种捕捞方式对海洋野生动物带来了消极的影响，因此为了促进海洋野生动物的繁荣，其呼吁使用新的捕捞技术。故选C。【10题详析】主旨大意题。根据第四段中“AlongwithCuestas,thefishersworktoreducetheirimpactonthemarineecosystem.Bychangingfishingmethodsandadoptingnewpractices,theyaimforamorebalancedapproachtofishing.(渔民们与Cuestas一起努力减少对海洋生态系统的影响。通过改变捕鱼方法和采用新的做法，他们的目标是实现更平衡的捕鱼方式。)”以及“Changesincludetheeffortsofboatstoprotecttheseagrassthatservesasfeedinggroundsformarinelifeandanendtofishersthrowingnetswhereturtleslaytheireggs.(变化包括船只努力保护海草，海草是海洋生物的觅食地，渔民不再在海龟产卵的地方撒网。)”可知，本段主要介绍的是保护海洋生态系统，渔民们与Cuestas所做出的种种努力。故选B。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Bydoingso,heimaginesapicturewhereindividualsfromthefishingcommunitycanpursuevariouscareers,suchasengineersorlawyers,proudlystatingthattheyaretheproductsofthefishingtraditioninAcandí.(通过这样做，他想象了这样一幅画面：来自渔业社区的个人可以从事各种职业，比如工程师或律师，并自豪地宣称他们是Acandí渔业传统的产物。)”可知，JulioCuestas认为，通过积极的努力以及与渔民的互相合作，渔业社区的个人可以追求各种职业，海洋生态系统也得到了保护，人们可以自豪地宣称他们是Acandí渔业传统的产物，因此JulioCuestas对Acandí的未来是充满希望和信心的。故选A。DLossofslow-wavesleepasyouagemayincreaseyourriskofdevelopingdementia(痴呆),accordingtoanewstudy.“Wefoundthatagingwasassociatedwithadeclineintheamountofthedeepeststagesofsleep,knownasslow-wavesleep.Wethenfoundthatpeoplewithgreaterdeclinesinslow-wavesleepovertimehadahigherriskofgettingdementiaoverthenext17yearsoffollow-up,”saidMatthewPase,seniorauthorofthestudy.Slow-wavesleepisthethirdandfourthstagesofsleep,whichisimportantforbrainhealth.Duringthisstage,thebodyremovesunwantedorharmfulmaterialsfromthebrain.“Forthebrain,thisdeepsleepisthoughttobethemostrestorative,”saidDrRichardIsaacson,whowasn’tinvolvedinthestudy.Theresearcherswantedtoknowwhetherchronic(慢性的)reductionsinslow-wavesleepovertimearelinkedtodementiariskinhumansandwhetherdementia-relatedprocessesinthebrainmaycontributetogettinglessofthistypeofsleep.Theystudied346peoplewithanaverageageof69andcompletedtwoovernightsleepstudies—onebetween1995and1998andthesecondbetween1998and2001—duringwhichtheirsleepwasmonitored.Theresearchersalsoinvestigatedwhetheranychangeintheamountofslow-wavesleepthatparticipantsgotwasassociatedwithdevelopingdementiaupto17yearsaftertheycompletedthesleepstudies.Bythattime,52participantshadbeendiagnosedwithdementia.Eachpercentagedecreaseinslow-wavesleepperyearwaslinkedtoa27percentincreasedriskofdevelopingdementia.Therateofslow-wavesleeplossaccelerated(加速)fromage60,peakedfromages75to80andslowedafterwards.“Thisisanimportantstudyyetagainshowingtheimpactofqualityofsleeponaperson’sriskofcognitivedeclineanddementia,”Isaacsonsaid.“It’simportanttonotonlypayattentiontothetotalamountofsleepapersongetseachnight,butalsomonitorsleepqualityasbestaspossible.”12.Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?A.Theolderyouare,thelesssleepyouwillhave.B.Slow-wavesleephasbeenlinkedtotheriskofdementia.C.Therateofslow-wavesleeplosskeepsgoingupwithage.D.Theamountofsleephasanimpactontheriskofdementia.13.Howdidresearchersgetwhattheywanted?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Byintroducingaconcept.C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy. D.Bymakingasurvey.14.WhatdidDrRichardIsaacsonsuggest?A.Sleepqualityneedsmoreattention.B.Weshouldhaveenoughsleep.C.Theelderlyshouldsleepmorethantheyoung.D.Theamountofsleepismoreimportantthansleepquality.15.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Sports. B.Health. C.Education. D.Environment.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述随着年龄增长，人们的深睡眠时间会越来越短。新研究发现，如果深睡眠时间大幅减少，患痴呆症的风险将会大增。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Lossofslow-wavesleepasyouagemayincreaseyourriskofdevelopingdementia(痴呆),accordingtoanewstudy.(新研究发现，随着年龄增长，慢波睡眠时间的减少可能会增加患痴呆症的风险)”可知，慢波睡眠与患痴呆症的风险有关。故选B。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Theystudied346peoplewithanaverageageof69andcompletedtwoovernightsleepstudies—onebetween1995and1998andthesecondbetween1998and2001—duringwhichtheirsleepwasmonitored.Theresearchersalsoinvestigatedwhetheranychangeintheamountofslow-wavesleepthatparticipantsgotwasassociatedwithdevelopingdementiaupto17yearsaftertheycompletedthesleepstudies.(研究人员调查了平均年龄69岁的346个人，并且分别在1995年至1998年间以及1998年至2001年间完成了两项夜间睡眠研究，在这期间对他们的睡眠进行了监测。研究人员还调查了参与者慢波睡眠时间的任何变化是否与完成睡眠研究17年后患痴呆症有关)”可知，研究人员是通过做调查的方式得到他们想要的。故选D。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段““Thisisanimportantstudyyetagainshowingtheimpactofqualityofsleeponaperson’sriskofcognitivedeclineanddementia,”Isaacsonsaid.“It’simportanttonotonlypayattentiontothetotalamountofsleepapersongetseachnight,butalsomonitorsleepqualityasbestaspossible.”(“这项重要研究再次表明了睡眠质量对于一个人患上认知衰退和痴呆症风险的影响。”艾萨克森表示：“我们不光要注意一个人每夜睡眠的总时长，也要尽可能监测睡眠质量。”)”可知，RichardIsaacson的建议是要多关注睡眠质量。故选A。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Lossofslow-wavesleepasyouagemayincreaseyourriskofdevelopingdementia(痴呆),accordingtoanewstudy.(新研究发现，随着年龄增长，慢波睡眠时间的减少可能会增加患痴呆症的风险)”可知，这是与健康有关的研究，所以这篇文章很有可能出现在报纸上的“健康”板块。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。BenefitsOfColdWeatherThere’snodoubtaboutit—coldweathercanbeprettyunpleasant.___16___Soifyou’refeelingdownaboutthecoldtemperaturesoutside,readonforafewreasonstobehappyaboutthem!Itboostsyourbrain.Coldtemperaturescanexciteyourbrain,allowingimprovedfocusandgreaterclarityofthought.Thecoldclimateincreasesoxygenflowtothebrain.___17___Itincreasesbrownfatcontent.Coldweatherhastheuniqueabilitytoincreasethenumberofbrownfatcells.___18___.Notonlydotheyhelpusstaycomfortablywarmincoldtemperatures,buttheymayalsoevenpromoteweightlossovertime.___19___Incoldweather,anevenbodytemperaturecanbebeneficialforagoodnight’srest.Asourbodiestrytokeepwarmwhenit’scoldout,bloodvesselsgetnarrowerandhelpcontrolyoursleeptemperatureforamorerelaxedandrestfulsleep.Peoplesleepingincolderenvironmentsgenerallywakeupfeelingmorerefreshedthanthosesleepinginwarmertemperatures.Itimprovesskinhealth.___20___Lowtemperaturesforceustodresswarmlyagainstthecold,leadingtoprotectionagainstenvironmentalaspectsthatwouldotherwiseremovewaterfromourskin.Allinall,therearemanybenefitstospendingtimeoutsideincoldweather!Nexttimeyouwanttostayinsideandavoidthecold,keepthesebenefitsinmindandconsidergettingoutsideforafewminutes!A.Ithelpsyousleep.B.Itraiseshealthawareness.C.Thus,thecentralnervoussystemcanperformatincreasedlevels.D.Coldweatherexposureisahelpfulcontributiontoourwell-being.E.Theyareimportantforcontrollingbodytemperaturebyproducingheat.F.Coldweathercanbegoodforkeepingourskinlookingandfeelinghealthy.G.Whileitmakesuswanttostayindoors,coldweatherhassomemajorbenefits.【答案】16.G17.C18.E19.A20.F【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了寒冷天气的一些好处。【16题详析】根据上文“There’snodoubtaboutit—coldweathercanbeprettyunpleasant.(毫无疑问，寒冷的天气会让人很不舒服。)”以及后文“Soifyou’refeelingdownaboutthecoldtemperaturesoutside,readonforafewreasonstobehappyaboutthem!(所以，如果你对外面的寒冷天气感到沮丧，那就往下读，看看有什么理由让你开心起来吧！)”可知，后文提到了寒冷的天气也有理由开心，说明寒冷的天气也有好处。故G选项“虽然它使我们想呆在室内，但寒冷的天气也有一些主要的好处”符合语境，故选G。【17题详析】根据上文“Itboostsyourbrain.Coldtemperaturescanexciteyourbrain,allowingimprovedfocusandgreaterclarityofthought.Thecoldclimateincreasesoxygenflowtothebrain.(它能增强你的大脑。低温可以刺激你的大脑，让你的注意力更集中，思维更清晰。寒冷的气候增加了大脑的氧气流量。)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出寒冷的气候增加了大脑的氧气流量所带来的积极影响。故C选项“因此，中枢神经系统可以在更高的水平上工作。”符合语境，故选C。【18题详析】根据上文“Itincreasesbrownfatcontent.Coldweatherhastheuniqueabilitytoincreasethenumberofbrownfatcells.(它增加棕色脂肪的含量。寒冷的天气有增加棕色脂肪细胞数量的独特能力。)”以及后文“Notonlydotheyhelpusstaycomfortablywarmincoldtemperatures,buttheymayalsoevenpromoteweightlossovertime.(它们不仅能帮助我们在寒冷的天气里保持舒适温暖，而且随着时间的推移，它们甚至还能促进减肥。)”可知，本句承接上文，解释棕色脂肪细胞的作用，E选项中They指代上文brownfatcells。故E选项“它们通过产生热量对控制体温很重要。”符合语境，故选E。【19题详析】根据本段内容“Incoldweather,anevenbodytemperaturecanbebeneficialforagoodnight’srest.Asourbodiestrytokeepwarmwhenit’s‘coldout,bloodvesselsgetnarrowerandhelpcontrolyoursleeptemperatureforamorerelaxedandrestfulsleep.Peoplesleepingincolderenvironmentsgenerallywakeupfeelingmorerefreshedthanthosesleepinginwarmertemperatures.(在寒冷的天气里，稳定的体温有助于晚上睡个好觉。当外面很冷的时候，我们的身体会试图保持温暖，血管会变窄，帮助控制你的睡眠温度，从而获得更放松、更安宁的睡眠。睡在寒冷环境中的人醒来时通常比睡在温暖环境中的人更神清气爽。)”可知，本段的主旨是寒冷的天气有助于睡眠。故A选项“它有助于睡眠。”符合语境，故选A。【20题详析】根据后文“Lowtemperaturesforceustodresswarmlyagainstthecold,leadingtoprotectionagainstenvironmentalaspectsthatwouldotherwiseremovewaterfromourskin.(低温迫使我们穿上暖和的衣服来抵御寒冷，从而保护我们免受环境因素的影响，否则会使皮肤失去水分。)”可知，后文提到低温会避免皮肤失去水分，即寒冷天气对皮肤有好处。故F选项“寒冷的天气可以使我们的皮肤看起来和感觉健康。”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Afterbringingupthreechildren,Barthorpedecidedtodosomethingforherself.Sheplannedto____21____herselfbylearningtorideamotorcycleattheageof60.Afterpassingherdrivingtest,shesoon____22____onherfirstsolo(单独的)ride.Sherememberedthe____23____ofbeingontheroadaloneforthefirsttime.AlthoughBarthorpepreferredridingsolo,shecontactedtheWomen’sInternationalMotorcycleAssociation(WIMA)inthehopeof____24____it.ItwastheconnectionwiththeWIMAthatledhertoa(n)____25____—theWomenRidersWorldRelay.Theplanwastopassabaton(接力棒),ridertorider,allaroundtheworld.Thatwasatestoftheriders’courageand____26____.ButjustafterBarthorpetookontherole,she____27____felldownandgotinjured.Shespentseveralmonthsinhospital.However,Barthorpedidn’tseeitasa____28____experience.Sheknewthatshemustpaymuchattentionto____29____first.Gettingonamotoreycleagainwas______30______,butBarthorpetookextratrainingand______31______alot.AndshepushedherselftotakepartintheraceinAustralia.Barthorpethenrealizedthatitwasnormalto______32______andrisetoit,whichofferedanopportunitytogrow.WhatattractsBarthorpemosttoamotorcycleisthe______33______.“IcangoanywhereIwantandanytimeIlike,”shesaid.“Thekidssaidtome,‘Mum,youseemtohaveturnedintoa______34______teenager.’Ijusttoldthem,‘No,I’vejustfoundthefieldwhereIcanseemy______35______.’”21.A.protect B.express C.challenge D.educate22.A.setout B.caughtup C.calmeddown D.showedoff23.A.duty B.excitement C.risk D.struggle24.A.interviewing B.encouraging C.impressing D.joining25.A.lesson B.record C.adventure D.experiment26.A.teamwork B.friendship C.understanding D.memory27.A.slowly B.strangely C.purposely D.accidentally28.A.discouraging B.common C.practical D.pleasant29.A.honor B.safety C.experience D.interest30.A.doubtful B.peaceful C.stressful D.meaningful31.A.lost B.expected C.noticed D.improved32.A.fail B.recover C.wait D.reply33.A.performance B.competition C.freedom D.independence34.A.careful B.friendly C.serious D.brave35.A.choice B.value C.habit D.effort【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.C26.A27.D28.A29.B30.C31.D32.A33.C34.D35.B【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了JillBarthorpe在60岁时学习骑摩托车、加入国际女性摩托车协会以及参加世界女骑手接力赛的经历。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她计划在60岁时学习骑摩托车来挑战自己。A.protect保护；B.express表达；C.challenge挑战；D.educate教育。根据下文“bylearningtorideamotorcycleattheageof60”以及常理可知，60岁时学习骑摩托车是对自己的挑战。故选C。【22题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：通过驾驶考试后，她很快就开始了她的第一次单人驾驶。A.setout出发；B.caughtup追赶；C.calmeddown冷静；D.showedoff炫耀。根据空前“Afterpassingherdrivingtest”以及空后的“herfirstsolo(单独的)ride”可知，通过驾驶考试后，她开始了第一次单人驾驶。故选A。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她还记得第一次独自上路时的兴奋。A.duty职责；B.excitement兴奋；C.risk风险；D.struggle奋斗。根据上文“Afterbringingupthreechildren,Barthorpedecidedtodosomethingforherself.Sheplannedto________herselfbylearningtorideamotorcycleattheageof60.”可推测，骑摩托车是她一直想做的事情；由此可推测，第一次独自上路时，她应该是感到兴奋。故选B。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管Barthorpe更喜欢独自骑行，但她还是联系了国际女子摩托车协会(WIMA)，希望加入该协会。A.interviewing采访、面试；B.encouraging鼓励；C.impressing使……印象深刻；D.joining加入。根据上文“shecontactedtheWomen’sInternationalMotorcycleAssociation(WIMA)”以及下文她得到的任务可知，她是希望加入该协会。故选D。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是与WIMA的联系，让她开始了一场冒险——女骑手世界接力赛。A.lesson课程、教训；B.record记录；C.adventure冒险、探险；D.experiment实验。根据下文“Theplanwastopassabaton(接力棒),ridertorider,allaroundtheworld.Thatwasatestoftheriders’courageand________.”可知，这对于她这个新手而言是一场冒险。故选C。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是对骑手们的勇气和团队精神的考验。A.teamwork合作；B.friendship友谊；C.understanding理解；D.memory记忆。根据上文“Theplanwastopassabaton(接力棒),ridertorider,allaroundtheworld.”可知，这项任务需要一棒棒传递下去，所以是对团队合作的考验。故选A。【27题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：就在Barthorpe接下这个角色后，她意外摔倒受伤了。A.slowly缓慢地；B.strangely奇怪地；C.purposely故意地；D.accidentally意外地。根据空后“felldownandgotinjured”以及她康复后继续参加可知，她是意外摔倒受伤的。故选D。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Barthorpe并不认为这是一次令人沮丧的经历。A.discouraging令人沮丧的；B.common普通的；C.practical实用的；D.pleasant舒适的。根据常理可知，此时摔倒受伤是令人沮丧的；而根据段首“However”以及下文她的感触可知，她并不认为这件事令人沮丧。故选A。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她知道她必须把安全放在第一位。A.honor荣耀；B.safety安全；C.experience经历、经验；D.interest兴趣。根据上文“ButjustafterBarthorpetookontherole,she________felldownandgotinjured.”可知，刚接手任务不久，她就受伤了，所以她由此应该开始重视安全。故选B。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：再次骑上摩托车是一件压力很大的事情，但Barthorpe接受了额外的训练，进步了很多。A.doubtful怀疑的；B.peaceful平和的；C.stressful有压力的；D.meaningful有意义的。根据上文可知，她不小心受伤了，由此可知，当她恢复后，再次骑摩托车从心理上来说是有压力的。故选C。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：再次骑上摩托车是一件压力很大的事情，但Barthorpe接受了额外的训练，进步了很多。A.lost失去；B.expected期待；C.noticed注意；D.improved提升。根据上文“Barthorpetookextratraining”可知，得到训练后，她应该是进步了很多。故选D。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Barthorpe后来意识到，失败是正常的，并勇于面对失败，这提供了一个成长的机会。A.fail失败；B.recover恢复；C.wait等待；D.reply回复。根据上文内容以及空后的“risetoit,whichofferedanopportunitytogrow”可知，Barthorpe意识到失败是很正常的，因为失败可以让我们成长。故选A。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最吸引Barthorpe的是摩托车的自由。A.performance表现；B.competition竞争；C.freedom自由；D.independence独立。根据下文“IcangoanywhereIwantandanytimeIlike”可知，对她而言，骑摩托车是自由的，可以随时去自己想去的地方。故选C。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“孩子们对我说，‘妈妈，你似乎变成了一个勇敢的少女。’我只是告诉他们，‘不，我只是找到了一个能让我看到自己价值的领域。’”A.careful仔细的、谨慎的；B.friendly友好的；C.serious严重的；D.brave勇敢的。根据全文内容以及空后的“teenager”可知，60岁时Barthorpe学习骑摩托车，之后参加比赛，孩子们是认为妈妈似乎变成了一个勇敢的少女。故选D。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“孩子们对我说，‘妈妈，你似乎变成了一个勇敢的少年。’我只是告诉他们，‘不，我只是找到了一个能让我看到自己价值的领域。’”A.choice选择；B.value价值；C.habit习惯；D.effort努力。根据上文“Afterbringingupthreechildren,Barthorpedecidedtodosomethingforherself.”以及全文内容可知，Barthorpe认为骑摩托车可以看到自己的价值所在。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividestheyear____36____24solarterms.WinterSolstice(冬至)comesasthe22ndsolartermoftheyear.OnthefirstdayoftheWinterSolstice,theNorthernHemisphereexperiencesthe____37____(short)dayandthelongestnightintheyear,asthesunshinesdirectlyattheTropicofCapricorn(南回归线).Fromthenon,thedaysbecomelongerandthenightsbecomeshorter.TheWinterSolsticealsomarksthe____38____(arrive)ofthecoldestseasonintheyear.Therewas____39____sayinginancientChina,“TheWinterSolsticeisasimportantastheSpringFestival.”AsearlyastheZhouDynasty,greatevents____40____(hold)onthedayoftheWinterSolstice,____41____wasalsoconsideredthefirstdayofthenewyear.TheWinterSolsticebecameawinterfestivalduringtheHanDynasty.Thecelebratoryactivitieswere____42____(official)organized.Onthisday,bothofficialsandordinarypeoplewouldhavearest.Duringthefollowingdynasties,suchastheTang,SongandQingdynasties,duringtheWinterSolstice,itwasalsocommonforpeople____43____(offer)sacrifices(祭品)toancestors.In