2024届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解之说明文讲义（含练习题及答案）

2024届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解之说明文讲义

【说明文专题内容】

1.说明文定义：解释说明某种事物或事例的一种文体。

2.说明文目的：分享信息，让读者了解某方面或某领域的知识。

3.说明文分类：

科技试验类

⑴Introduceaparticularobject介绍具体实物

(2)Dcscribcaphenomenon描述现象

«3)Explainaproblem解释问题

<4)Giveinformationofstudyfindings介绍研究发展

i5)Introduceamethodorprocess介绍方法或过程

i6)Comparethecontrasttwoitems比较异同

生品介绍类

生品的功能、特性、川途；②操作步骤；③工作原理

4.文章语言特点

一核为什围绕“立德树人、服务选才、引导教学选所取语篇主题积极向上、联系生活、有思维含量、

么考话题覆盖德智体美劳全人发展各个方面。

(1)数据说话；(2)引语较多，且直接引语更重要；(3)长难句多；(4)专业术语多。

5.说明文在行文结构上常使用以下说明方法

⑴描述法：包括举例子、下定义、列数据等⑵因果法［causeandeffect)

(3)问题与对策法(problemandsolution)

6.说明文的命题区域

(1)在列举处命题：(2)在例证处命题；(3)在转折对比处命题(4)在比较处命题;

(5)在长难句中命题。

【英语一核四层四翼在阅读理解一说明文中的体现】

核心价值从，，人与自然、人与社会、人与自我”三大主题全面考查学生综合运用英语能力，

在巩固德育、坚守智育的基础上，加强对健康意识、审美情趣和劳动精神的考

查。

学科素养阅读理解突出学生的思辨能力包括分析、推理和判断；理解文化内涵，

四层考

什比较异同，汲取精华，尊重差异。

么关键能力英语学科听说读写四项关键能力，其中读是基础也是重中之重，主要是阅读中知

识信息获取能力和思维认知能力0

学生应能：

1）理解主旨要义；2）理解文中具体信息；

3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；5）做出判断和推理；

6）理解文章的基本结构；7）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

必备知识英语3000词汇、常用句式表达、长难句分析和主题词汇

【备考建议及要求】

（1）词汇：必备知识之基础词汇必须过关，集中排查常见说明文词汇。

（2）长难句：依托分析长难句的方法，提高自己的信息获取、理解和掌握能力。

（3）文章结构：深度学习文章，要能够总结文章的基木结构，辨析具体细节信息。经常用自己的语言对文

章进行概述，有意提升自己的语言表达能力。

《）重视语篇情境，养成分析文章核心价值、作者写作意图的习惯，批判性地认识文中的主旨，并通过自

己的逻辑思辨，发散地、逆向地解决问题。

一、高考说明文——高考怎么考

A【2022全国乙】

Canasmallgroupofdrones（无人机）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,

helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesin

thesky"technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基础设施）

worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesame

thingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailway

tracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanheinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityand

on-timcperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）across

theboard.

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Thalincludeshugesavingsinmainlenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.Itis

calculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,including

sendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerouswork

thatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,

detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,drones

fbrraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthe

future.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammed(orunautonomously.Verysmall

droneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheir

abilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

1.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?

A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.

B.Drones5abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.

C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.

D.Drones'reliableperformance:nremoteareas.

2.Whatdoesllmaintenance^^underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

3.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?

A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.

C.Toearnprofitsfbrihecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.

4.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

B【2020全国新高考I卷】

Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,

physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedto

UzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.IIcnccthisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmong

theGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,where

millionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingto

astrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickedup

hiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.

InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolice

methodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬礼）followedbyastrange

drinkingparty.AndinKarakalpaksian,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmiles

fromthesea.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-rounded

pictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellas

hisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.

Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.

5.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?

A.Hisfriends,invitation.B.Hisinterestinthecountry.

C.Hisloveforteaching.D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?

A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.

C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?

A.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.

8.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.

C12022全国新高考I卷】

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m”and"a"totherareclicksof

somesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,

five-yearstudyshowsthatdie（-relaiedchangesinhumanbiteled（onewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalf

theworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"F'

and"v"，weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DainianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（对齐）,makingit

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hard（oproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerlipto（heupperteeth.Later,ourjaws

changedtoanoverbitestructure（结构）,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithic

period.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrow

tobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworld

languagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseofand'V'increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousand

years.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeings

evolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincethe

appearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofa

complexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,saidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchteam.

9.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfbcuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

10.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

11.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

12.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

D12020全国新高考I卷】

AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsof

oureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoid

eatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份），it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedto

avoid.

Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthe

first,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly（表面上）participateinastudy

aboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhired

bytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecases

sheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.

Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,taking

morefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.

Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheother

case,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttook

significantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.

Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwc'rcmakingdecisions.Ifthis

fellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe"I'llhavewhatshe'shaving“effect.However,we'll

adjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion.TilholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresults

ofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?

13.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?

A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.

C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordiibcanpoles^^inparagraphIrefer:o?

A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.

C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.

15.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?

A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.

B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.

C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.

D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.

16.Onwhatbasisdovve“adjusttheinfluence“accordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.

C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.

E【2021全国乙】

You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenterocean

ecosystemseveryyear.Butdocsoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWong

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wantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examine

theirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled^Strawpocalypse/'apairof1O-foot-tallplastic

waves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,the

sculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（来源）ofplastic

pollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseof

theirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat*spartofVbnWong'sartworklikelycame

fromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiesto

disappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VbnWongwantedtoillustrate（说明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,a

truckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled"TruckloadofPlastic,"VonWongandagroupof

volunteerscollectedmorethan10,00（）piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeen

dumped（倾倒）fromatruckallatonce.

VbnWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.

17.WhatareVbnWong'sartworksintendedfbr?

A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.

C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.

18.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?

A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.

C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.

19.Whateffectwould"TruckloadcfPlastic"haveonviewers?

A.Calming.B.DisturbingC.RefreshingD.Challenging.

20.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists'OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

一、各地市模拟试题

A

Peopledophysicalexerciseaspartoftheirhealthylifestyletogetstrongerandhealthier.

Therearethreebasicmodesofphysicalexercise:flexibilityexercisehelpsthehumanbodyingeneralorits

partinparticulartobeabletoreachfartherandbendbetter;aerobicexercisehelpsthebodyworkhardforalong

time;anaerobicexercisemakesthearmsandlegsstronger.

Ithaslongbeenknownthatexerciseisnotonlygoodforyourbody,butalsoforyourmind.Accordingto

researchers,gymnastsarcmorelikelytobeemotionallystable,food)allplayersthemostoutgoingandswimmers

thehappiest.

Thepsychologicalstudy,whichwascarriedoutbyexperts,alsorevealedthatsportscanalsooffercluestoa

person'sattitudetocharity,readinghabitsandeventheirvotingintentions.Boxers,forexample,aremostlikelyto

focusonmaterialpossessionsinlife.Meanwhile,runnerstendtobeoutgoingpeoplewholovebeingthecentreof

attention.Walkers,agroupthatincludesthosewhoenjoywanderingandcross-countryraces,areleastconcerned

aboutotherpeopleandlikedoingthingsbythemselveswithoutinterruptionfromothers.Thosewhoplaychess

areconfidentwhentheyfacechallengesandtrouble.Thosewhoswimtendtobetidyandcharitable.However,

accordingtoMindLab,61percentofadultsarefondofhelpingothersregardlessoftheirchoiceofsports.

Theresultsfrom(hisstudyalsoshowthatnomatterwhatkindofpersonyouare,(hereistherightkindof

exercisefbryou.

1.Whichofthefollowingsportsbelongstoflexibilityexercise?

A.RunningB.Swimming.C.Football.D.Gymnastics.

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Walkersenjoylonelinessintheirlives.B.Boxerstendtoignorewealthinlife.

C.Runnershavegreatpowerofconcentration.D.Chessplayerslikechallengingotherpeople.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionMindLabinParagraph4?

A.Tbmakeacontrast.B.Todrawacomparison.

C.lbplaceanemphasis.D.Togiveanexample.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

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A.Howcanyouchoosesuitablesports?

B.Whatkindofsportscanbeneftyoumost?

C.Howcansportskeepyoumentallyhealthy?

D.Whatdoesyourchoiceofsportstellaboutyou?

Insurancecompaniesarestaringtousesmartboxtechnology,sogooddriverscanbenefitfromcheap

insurancerates.

Thesmartbox,similartoablackboxforairplanes,recordsde:ailsabouthowyourcarisdriven,whichcan

resultincheapcarinsuranceforresponsibledrivers.Thedeviceisconnectedtotheelectronicsinyourcarand

collectsawidecriterionofinformationsuchastime,speed,braking,cornering,accelerationandlocation.It'slike

havinganinsuranceagentsittingbesideyouwhiledriving.

Thesmartboxdataiswirelesstransferredinrealtimetotheinsurancecompanyandprovidesaprofileof

when,whereandhowyoudrive.Thisprofileisthenusedtocompareinsuranceratesandtorewardlow-risk

drivingbehaviorwithcheapinsurancerates.

Driversarehigh-riskwhentheydriveirresponsiblysuchasspeeding,frequentlanechanging,drivingin

high-risklocationsorathigh-risktimessuchasinheavytrafficorlateatnight.

Thesenewelectronicinventionsarcintendedtoreplacethestandardpracticeofcategorizingdriversinto

groupbehaviortodetermineinsurancecoverageandpremium（保费）payments.Forexample,youngdriversare

morelikelytodrivefast,driveatrightanduseacellphonewhiledriving.Statistically,youngdriversaremore

likelytocauseanaccident,soinsurancecompanieschargethemhigherratestocoverthecostsofaccidentclaims.

Soevenifyou'reayoung,responsibledriver,youwillpayhighinsuranceratesbecauseofgroupbehavior.

Thistechnologyallowsyou:oprovideproofthatyourdrivingbehaviordoesn'tfitthepatternofyour

demographic（统i|）group.

Alltheinformationcollectedaboutyourdrivingcanbeviewedonline—includingwhatyou'redoingwelland

whatcouldbeimproved.Yourinsurancepremiumisthencalculatedaccordingtoyourdrivingprofile.

5.Whatwillagooddriverbenefitfromthesmartbox?

A.Fewertrafficaccidents.B.Bettertrafficorder.

C.Lowerinsurancepayment.D.Lesspetrolusedindriving.

6.Howdoestheinsurancecompanymonitorthedriving?

A.Bycheckingthedeviceinthecar.B.Bysittingbesidethedriver.

C.Bywatchingthetrafficontheroads.D.Bycollectingthedrivingdataonline.

7.Whatwilltheuseofsmartboxesbringabout?

A.Bettersen1iceIbrcars.B.Lowerpricesofpetrol.

C.Moreconvenienttransport.D.Marereasonableinsurancecharge.

8.Whatcanweinferaboutthesmartboxfromthetext?

A.Itrequiresbetterdrivinghabits.B.Itsavesthedriversalotoftime.

C.Ithelpsthedriversuselessenergy.D.Ittakestheplaceofthetrafficpolice.

C

ResearchersfromtheFrenchNationalCentreforScientificResearch(CNRS)discoveredthaantspecies

Formicafuscahasawell-developecsenseofsmell.Itwasabletodistinguishcancerouscellsfromhealthycellsin

humans.Butmoreclinicaltestsmustbecarriedoutbeforethefindingscouldbeusedinclinicalsettingslike

hospitals,theteamsaid.

Intheresearch,thescientistsperformedtestswith36ants,smeJingcellsunderalaboratorysetting.First,the

antswereexposedtothesmellofasampleofcanceroushumancells.Thisodor(气叫三)wasthenassociatedwitha

rewardofsugarsolution.Then,theresearchersexposedtheantstotwodifferentodors.Onewasanewsmelland

theotherwasthesmellofthecancerouscells.Oncethistestwassuccessful,theresearchersexposedtheantsto

differentcancerouscells.Assuch,thescientistsfoundthatuantsdiscriminatebetweencancerousandhealthy

cellsandbetweentwocancerouslines.Aftertraining,Formicafuscaantsareabletodetectvolatileorganic

compoundsofcancerouscells.

Thisstudyshowsthatantsarccapableoflearningveryquickly,atlowercost,andareefficient,pointsout

CNRSinanewsrelease.Thisisn'tthefirsttimethatscientistshaveusedanimalstolocatecancerouscells.Dogs'

nosesarewellsuitedformedicald.agnosisandusedforthedetectionofcancer-specific.However,rrainingthem

todosorequiresseveralmonthstoayear.

Ontheotherhand,insectscanbeeasilyraisedincontrolledconditions.Theyareinexpensive,andhavea

verywell-developedsmellsystem.Hundredsofindividualscanbeconditionedwithveryfewtrials.Antstherefore

representafast,efficient,inexpensiveandhighlydiscriminantdetectiontoolfordetectionofcancercell,theteam

explained.

9.Whatdoweknowaboutthefindings?

A.Theyarethefirstfindingsinanimals.B.Theycanbeused(otreatcancer.

C.Theyareusefulinvarietiesoffields.D.Theyneedfurtherexperiments.

10.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theresearchtoolsandmethods.B.Theprocessoftheresearch.

C.Theapplicationofthefindings.D.Formicafiisca'smagicpower.

11.Inwhichaspectarcantsbetterthandogsaccordingtotheresearch?

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A.Theyhaveasharpersenseofsmell.B.Theyaremoreintelligentthandogs.

C.Theytakelesstimetobetrained.D.Theyperformbetterinlaboratorysettings.

12.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrcm?

Aguidebook.B.Anovel.C.Adiary.D.Amagazine.

D

Whileitmaysoundlikesomethingthathascrawledoutofyournightmares,cyborgcockroaches(螳螂)have

arrivedasfriendsratherthanfoes.Scientistshavedesignedanewremotecontrolledinsect,equippedwitha

battery“backpack”thatispoweredbysolarpanels.

Thecockroach,whichispartinsectandpartmachine,isintendedtoenterdangerousareas,monitorthe

environmentorundertakesearchandrescuemissionswithoutbeingrecharged.Theresearchershadtoinstallsome

componentsintoatinypacktoallowforthecockroach'snaturalmovements.

Thecockroachesarcstillalive,butsensoryorgansattachedtotheendoftheirbodiessendelectricalimpulses

thatcausetheinsecttomoverightorleft.Abatteryisnecessaryforthesendingandreceivingoftheseelectrical

signals,whichneedstobechargedup.Whileit'spossibletobuilddockingstationsforrecharging(hebattery,they

needtoreturnanditcoulddisrupttime-sensitivemissions.Tosolvetheloughproblem,theteamwantedtocreate

amorepracticalversionthatdoesnotneedtoreturntoadockingstationwhenitrunsoutofpower.

Therefore,theydesignedanon-boardsolarcellthatcouldcontinuouslyensurethatthecockroachstays

chargedwhileitworks.However,cockroacheshavealimitedsurfaceareaavailableforallthecomponents

necessarytomoveitslegsandkeepitpowered.Thesolutionwastodesignaspecialttbackpack^^thatcouldneatly

carryboththewirelessleg-controlmoduleandrechargeablebatteryThiswasattachedtothetopoftheinsecton

itsfront,andwas3Dprintedtofitperfectlytothecurvedsurfaceofcockroach.Itallowedfor(hiselectronic

devicetobestablyfixedontheinsectforoveramonth,whileleavingenoughspacetoimplantthesolarpanel.

Famouslyabletosurviveanuclearwar,cockroacheshavebeentheinspirationforanumberoftechnologies

inrecentyears.Differentteamsofscientistshavedesignedremote-controlledrobo-bugsthatcanclimbwalls,

carryobjectsandfindhumansduringsearch-and-rescuemissions.

13.Whatisacyborgcockroach?

A.Atinybackpackwithasolarpanel.B.Arobotworkingasapowerstation.

C.Akindofbugdiscoveredbyscientists.D.Aninsectremote-controlledbyhumans.

14.Whatisabigchallengetocreatecyborgcockroaches?

A.Thecomponentsaretoosmall.B.Rechargingcandelayurgenttasks.

C.Sendingelectricalimpulsesisdangerous.D.Theirorganscan*treceivesignalstimely.

15.Whatdowcknowaboutthecyborgcockroachesinparagraph4?

A.Thespecialbackpackisfixedontheirlegs.B.3Dprintingsolvesallproblemsperfectly.

C.Theyhavealimitedsurfacetostorepower.D.Theycanstillgetchargedwhileworking.

16.Whatisthebesttitleofthe