英语动词省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖课件

动词使用方法1/42英语语法－词性详解二－动词二、动词分类(1)(3)(2)一、动词定义三、动词时态四、非谓语动词五、被动语态1.普通现在时2.普通过去时3.普通未来时4.现在进行时5.过去进行时6.现在完成时7.过去完成时8.过去未来时六、动词基本形式2/42一。动词定义动词是用来表示主语做什么，是什么，或怎么样词。eg:Theboyrunsfast.Theboyisastudent.3/42类别特点意义举例实义动词(vt.vi.)及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表示完整意思Ihaveabook..不及物动词不能直接接宾语能独立作谓语Shealwayscomeslate.系动词(link-v)跟表语不能独立做谓语，跟表语组成完整意思Iamastudent.助动词(aux.v.)跟动词原形或分词（无词汇意义）不能独立做谓语，跟主要动词组成谓语，表示疑问，否定及各种时态Hedoesn’tspeakChinese.IamwatchingTV.情态动词(mod.v.)跟动词原形（有自己词汇意思）不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态，无人称和数改变Wecandoitbyourselves.Thatwouldbebetter.二、按词义和句中作用，动词能够分为四类返回4/421)系动词作为系动词，后边必须跟表语，组成系表结构说明主语情况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接是形容词。常见系动词有：be,感官动词（feel,smell,sound,taste,look),变得（become,grow,turn,fall（asleep）,get,go,come。。）。。Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Hebecamemadafterthat.5/42二、短语动词组成方式举例动词+介词Lookat,lookafter动词+副词Giveup,putinto动词+副词+介词Catchupwith,lookdownupon动词+名词+介词Takecareof,payattentiontoBe+形容词+介词Beproudof,beafraidof复杂结构Makeupone’smind：由一些动词和其它词组成短语，表示一个完整意思。其组成方式以下返回6/42三、按动词形式能够分为谓语动词和非谓语动词形式意义举例人称与主语在人称一致Iamreadingnow.第一人称数与主语在数上一致Hewriteswell.第三人称单数时态表示动作发生时间Hewrotealettertomelastmonth.过去时态语态主语是动作发生者或者承受者WestudyEnglish.主动Theroadwasfilledwithrubbish.被动语气说话人表示事实、要求、愿望等HehasflowntoAmerica.事实IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.愿望1、谓语动词(以下)2、非谓语动词返回7/422、非谓语动词形式意义用途举例不定式起形容词和名词作用可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语Ittakesme20minutestogotoschool动名词起名词作用作主语和宾语Shelikesreading.分词现在分词起形容词、副词作用，表主动作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语Thecupisbroken过去分词起形容词、副词作用，表被动Thesteamisseenrisingfromthewetclothes.8/421.普通现在时（1）表示经常发生或习惯性动作或状态（2）表示主语现在性格、特征、能力（3）表示客观事实或普遍使用方法（4）用于状语从句代替普通未来时eg.We

often

write

to

each

other.我们时常相互通信。

常与always，usually，often，sometimes，every

day，once

a

week，yearly每年，monthly每个月，等时间状语或频率副词连用。

eg.Heworkshard.他努力工作eg.Thesunrisesintheeast.Lightgoesfasterthansoundeg.Youwillsucceedifyoutry.IwilltellhimaboutitassoonasIseehimnextMonday.

常与连词：when,assoonas,before,after,until,if假如，等引导时间状语或条件状语从句9/422.普通过去时(1).表示过去某一时间点发生动作或所处状态.

e.g.HearrivedinHangzhouanhourago.Wherewereyoujustnow?(2).表示过去某一时间里重复出现动作或状态.

e.g.Theirchildrenoftenwenthungryintheolddays.

Duringhismiddleschoolyears,heplayedfootballnearlyeveryday.(3).表示主语过去特征或性格等.

e.g.AtthattimeshespokeverygoodEnglish.

(4).普通过去时往往和明确过去时间状语连用.如:yesterday,lastnight,twodays(months,weeks)ago,in1996,atthattime等,也常和when,if等引导状语从句连用.

e.g.Didyouplayvolleyballyesterdayafternoon?

Myfather,whenhewasachild,worked15hoursforthelandlordaday.(5).普通过去时可与today,thisweek,thismonth等时间状语连用.

e.g.Isawhimtoday.

Hecamelatethreetimesthisweek.练习返回10/42普通过去时练习1.Isawhimthismorning.（改为否定句、疑问句并做回答）2.Hecamelatethreetimesthisweek.（同上）3.Jim

camelate

threetimesthisweek.(分别对a,b,c,d提问)

a

b

c

d4.A．I_______(be)12lastyear.B．—_______(be)thedoctorinthehospitallastnight?—No,he_______(benot).C.—What_______he_______(do)yesterday?—He_______(draw)somepicturesinthepark.5.A.______________asweateronthedeskjustnow.B.Therearesomechildrenintheaquariumnow.(用yesterday替换now)______________somechildrenintheaquariumyesterday.C.Thereweresomebuildingshereinthepast.(改为普通疑问句)_____________________buildingshereinthepast?返回11/423.普通未来时a.will/shall+动词原形(备：在口语中，shall和will常缩写成"'ll"，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shallnot和willnot简略式分别为shan't和won't)(1)组成b.

begoingto+动词原形c.

be+动词-ing形式（动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移动词，如arrive,come,go,leave,move,start,stay,get等）d.be+动词不定式（例：Youaretobebackbefore10:00p.m..你必须在早晨10点前回来。表示按计划或正式安排将发生事）(2)使用方法①表示将要发生动作或存在状态。②表示将要重复发生动作

(3)惯用结构①用于"祈使句+and+陈术句"中。Eg.Workhardandyouwill

succeed.

②与表示时间或条件状语从句连用。Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelp

you.③用于"Iexpect,I'msure,Ithink,Iwonder+宾语从句"中。Idon'tthinkthetestwillbeverydifficult.返回练习12/424.现在进行时(1)意义：a.表示说话此刻正在进行动作。常与now,themoment等连用。(2)组成：主语+be+现在分词(v.+ing)练习返回例:Listen!MaryissinginganEnglishsongintheclassroom.b.表示现在时间段中正在进行动作。

例:Theyareplantingtreesonthehillthesedays.c.表示一个重复动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩。

例:Mybrotherisalwaysleavingthingsabout.注:现在进行时往往与always连用，给现在动作披上一层感情色彩。13/42现在进行时练习1.Whatareyou_________(do)now?I___________(eat)bread.2.

It’snineo’clock.Myfather_______________(work)intheoffice.3.Look,theboy____________(put)therubbishintothebin.4.

______he__________(clean)theclassroom?No,heisn’t.He____________(play).5.WhereisMak?He___________(run)onthegrass.6.Listen,who____________(sing)inthemusicroom?Oh,Mary_____________(sing)there.7.Thebirdsaresinginginthetree.(就划线部分提问).8.Thechildrenareplayinggamesnearthehouse.(就划线部分提问)9.TheYoungPioneersarehelpingtheoldwoman.(改成普通疑问句)返回14/425.过去进行时(1)意义：（2）组成：主语+was/were+现在分词1．表示过去某一时刻正在进行动作。如：WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyoulastnight?2．表示过去某段时间正在进行动作。如：Theywerebuildingadamlastwinter.

去年冬天他们在建一个大坝。3．用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置转移动词，以表示过去将要发生动作。如：

TheywantedtoknowwhenwewereleavingforShanghai.返回练习15/426.现在完成时（1）意义：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成动作对现在造成影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在动作或状态。（2）结构：助动词have/has+动词过去分词（3）四大标志词：

*以already,just和yet为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚才或还没有发生

*以ever和never为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过*以动作发生次数为标志：HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.*以sofar为标志：表示到当前为止动作或状态已经发生（4）注：a.*“终止”、“延续”要转换常见有:come-be,goout-beout,leave-beaway(from),begin-beon,buy-have,borrow-keep,join-beamember/介词短语,die-bedead,become-be,open(v.)-beopen(adj.)等。

b.*时间“点”、“段”须分清for+时间段since+过去某一时刻返回练习16/42现在完成时练习A)选取have,has填空:1.I_______toldhimthenews.2.She________comebackfromschool.3.You________wonthegame.B)按要求改写以下各句:4.Theyhaveboughtacomputer.(改成否定句)5.Hehaslosthisbook.

(先改成普通疑问句,再作必定是否定回答)C)单项选择6.-Wherehaveyou_____,Kate?-I've______tothebank.

A.gone,gone

B.been,been

C.gone,been

D.been,gone7.Hergrandfather______fortwoyears.

A.died

B.hasdied

C.hasbeendead

D.hasbeendied8.It'ssixweeks______Imetyoulast.

A.when

B.since

C.before

D.for9.TomandJack______WestHillFarmalready.

A.havegot

B.havegoneto

C.havebeento

D.havereached返回17/427.过去完成时(1)概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生动作或情况，即：过去过去。如:Whenwegotthere,thefootballmatchhadalreadystarted.

当我们赶到时，足球比赛已经开始了。(2)组成:必定句：主语+had+过去分词+其它否定句：主语+hadnot+过去分词+其它疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其它(3)使用方法:

A.表示在过去某一时间之前已完成动作，表示对这一过去时间造成结果或影响。惯用以下几个方式：

(1)用by，before等组成介词短语。

eg:Lindahadlearnt10Englishsongsbytheendoflastmonth.(2)用when,before,after等引导时间状语从句。

eg:Thetrainhadstartedbeforewegottothestation.B.过去完成时还能够表示过去某一时间以前发生开始动作连续到这一过去时间。常与for,since引导表示一段时间短语或从句连用。

eg:IhadworkedinahospitalforthreeyearsbeforeIcamehere.返回练习18/428.过去未来时（1）意义：表示以过去某时来看将要发生动作或存在状态,惯用在宾语从句中.（2）组成：①主语+would/should+动词原形②主语+was/were+goingto+动词原形例:Ididn’tknowifshewouldcome.Iwasn’tsurewhetherhewoulddoit.Ididn’tknowifshewasgoingtocome.WangLeisaidthatshewasgoingtovisitherunclenextSunday.返回练习19/421.

Weoften___________(play)intheplaygound.2.

He_________(get)upatsixo’clock.3.

__________you_________(brush)yourteetheverymorning.4.

What

(do)heusually

(do)afterschool?5.

Danny

(study)English,Chinese,Maths,ScienceandArtatschool.6.

Mikesometimes__________(go)totheparkwithhissister.7.

Ateightatnight,she__________(watch)TVwithhisparents.8.

________Mike________(read)Englisheveryday?9.

Howmanylessons_________yourclassmate________(have)onMonday?10.

Whattime_________hismother_________(do)thehousework?返回普通现在时练习（1）下一页20/42普通现在时练习（2）9.

Mydogrunsfast.（改为否定句、普通疑问句）

10.

Mikehastwolettersforhim.（改为否定句、普通疑问句）

11.

IusuallyplayfootballonFridayafternoon.（改为否定句、普通疑问句并对划线部分提问）12.

SuYangusuallywashessomeclothesonSaturday.（同上）13.

Mingmingusuallywaterstheflowerseveryday（同上）14.

Tomdoeshishomeworkathome.（同上）返回上一页21/42英语动词五种基本形式及改变规则1

英语动词有五种基本形式。它们是动词原形、第三人称单数现在时（简称单三）、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。这五种形式和助动词一起组成英语各种时态和语态等。原形第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词workworksworkedworkedworkingwritewriteswrotewrittenwritinghavehashadhadhavingdodoesdiddonedoing

例：1、单三形式改变规则（1）普通动词在词尾加-s,在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/z/;在t后读/ts/,在d后读/dz/。比如：help→helps，swim→swims

（2）以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾动词加-es,读/iz/,在d后读/dz/.以o结尾动词也加es，读/z/。比如：guess→guesses，teach→teaches，go→goes（3）以辅音字母加y结尾动词，先变y为i，再加-es，读/z/。比如：fly→fliescarry→carries

注：

be→ishave→has

下一页返回22/422.动词-ing形式组成：（1）普通在动词末尾加-ing.比如:go→going，ask→asking（2）以不发音字母e结尾动词,先去掉e,再加-ing.比如:write→writing，close→closing，take→taking（3）以重读闭音节结尾动词，假如末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加-ing.比如：get→getting，sit→sitting，put→putting，run→running，begin→beginning3.规则动词过去式组成（1）普通在动词原形末尾加-ed.结尾是e动词直接加-d.比如:look→looked，play→played，live→lived，hope→hoped（2）末尾只有一个辅音字母重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed.比如：stop→stopped，plan→planned，trip→tripped

（3）结尾是“辅音字母+y”动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-ed.比如:study→studied，carry→carried

下一页返回上一页223/42（4）词尾-ed读音i.在浊辅音和元音后面读为/d/.比如:called，moved

ii在浊辅音后面读为/t/.比如：finished,helpediii在/t/,/d/音后面读为/id/.比如：wanted,shouted(5)不规则动词过去式

常见不规则动词过去式有:am/is→was,are→were,go→went,have→had,do→did,get→got,come→came,say→said,see→sawput→put,eat→ate,take→took等

详见书本后附录并熟记！补：Therebe结构“Thereis/are+某物/某人+某地/某时”这么一个句型.句子中is/are和后面所跟名词在数方面必须一致。（1）必定句Thereis(There’s)atraininthepicture.（2）否定句Thereisnot(isn’t)apictureonthewall.Therearenot(aren’t)anybirdsinthetree.（3）疑问句和简略答语Isthereagirlunderthetree?

Yes,thereis./No,thereisnot(isn’t).Arethereanyglassesonthetable?Yes,thereare./No,therearenot（aren’t）Howmanydaysarethereinaweek?Thereareseven.返回上一页324/42过去时练习(1)1.-WhereisJim?

-He_______totheshop.He'llbebackinanhour.

A.goesB.goC.hasgoneD.willgo2.Idon'tthinkI_______youinthatdressbefore.A.haveseenB.wasseeingC.sawD.see3.I'msorryyou'vemissedthetrain.It_______10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenleft4.-Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?

-_______you_______yourhomeworkyet?

A.Do;finishB.Are;finishingC.Did;finishD.Have;finished5.-Idon'tknowifhisuncle_______.

-Ithinkhe_______ifitdoesn'train.

A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcome

C.comes;willcomeD.comes;comes6.-Excuseme,lookatthesign:NOPHOTOS!

-Sorry,I_______it.

A.don'tseeB.didn'tseeC.haven'tseenD.won'tsee下一页25/427.Ithinkyouwereinahurry.You_______yoursweaterinsideout.

A.hadwornB.WoreC.werewearingD.arewearing8.Thetrafficinourcityisalreadybadandit_______evenworse.

A.getsB.gotC.hasgotD.isgetting9.-HasJackfinishedhishomeworkyet?

-Ihavenoidea.He_______itthismorning.

A.wasdoingB.hadbeendoingC.hasdoneD.did10.-Sorry,Iforgettoposttheletterforyou.

-Nevermind,_______itmyselftonight.

A.I'mgoingtopostB.I'vedecidedtopost

C.I'llpost

D.I'dratherpostKey:1-5CAADB6-10BDDAC过去时练习(2)下一页26/42Practice(1)1.Hisfather_____(took,wastaking)awalkinthestreetwhenImethim.2.Theglass______(dropped,wasdropping)tothegroundandbrokeintopieces.3.Jacktoldmehe______(came,wouldcome)backnextmonth.4.Kate______(cleaned,wascleaning)thewindowsthedaybeforeyesterday.5.Iknewshe______(wasgoing,hadbeen)toShanghaitwice.6.Who________(sang,wassinging)attenlastnight?7.I_______(talked,wastalking)withMrs.Greenatthistimeyesterday.8.Thetwostudents_____(fought,wasfighting)whentheteacherwalkedintotheroom.下一页27/42Practice(2)用动词适当形式完成句子。

1.I_____(get)twopostcardsfromherlastweek.2.They_____not_____(stay)therelongbecauseitwaslate.

3.Who_____(live)inthatroomlastweek?4.YesterdayI______(see)himinthestreet.5.______(be)headriverthreeyearsago?6.Hesaidhe_______(go)toNewYorknextmonth.7.I______(do)myhomeworkwhenmymothercameback.8.Thestudents_____(be)notintheclassroomatthattime.9.____he______(play)basketballwithhissonyesterdayafternoon?10.I______(wash)mysportshoesjustthen.下一页28/42

依据汉字意思，用以下英文提醒词语造句。

1.该是学习数学时间了。

studymaths2.这棵树和那棵树一样高。

thistree,is,tall,thatone3.靠我一个人来移动这么床对我来说是很困难。

difficult,me,move,bed4.这张床如此重以至于我移不动它。

thebed,is,heavy,Ican’tmove,it5.昨天洗运动鞋花了我半小时时间。

me,halfanhour,wash,mysportshoes,yesterday1.It’stimetostudymaths.2.Thistreeisastallasthatone.3.Itisdifficultformetomovethebedbymyself.4.ThebedissoheavythatIcan’tmoveit.5.Ittookmehalfanhourtowashmysportshoesyesterday.Practice(3)返回29/42普通未来时练习(1)()1.There__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe()2.Charlie________herenextmonth.A.isn’tworkingB.doesn’tworkingC.isn’tgoingtoworkingD.won’twork()3.He________verybusythisweek,he________freenextweek.A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbe()4.There________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe()5.–________you________freetomorrow?–No.I________freethedayaftertomorrow.A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtobe;willC.Are;goingto;willbeD.Are;goingtobe;willbe下一页返回30/42普通未来时练习(2)()6.Mother________meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.A.willgivesB.willgiveC.givesD.give()7.–ShallIbuyacupofteaforyou?–________.（不，不要。）

A.No,youwon’t.B.No,youaren’t.C.No,pleasedon’t.D.No,please.()8.–Whereisthemorningpaper?–I________ifforyouatonce.A.getB.amgettingC.togetD.willget()9.________aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.Thereare()10.Iftheycome,we________ameeting.A.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.wouldhave下一页返回31/42普通未来时练习(3)()11.He________herabeautifulhatonhernextbirthday.A.givesB.gaveC.willgiveD.isgoingtogiving()12.He________tousassoonashegetsthere.A.writesB.haswrittenC.willwriteD.wrote()13.He________inthreedays.A.comingbackB.camebackC.willcomebackD.isgoingtocomingback()14.Ifit________tomorrow,we’llgoroller-skating.A.isn’trainB.won’trainC.doesn’trainD.doesn’tfine()15.–WillhisparentsgotoseetheTerraCottaWarriorstomorrow?–No,________（不去）.A.theywilln’t.B.theywon’t.C.theyaren’t.D.theydon’t.下一页返回32/42普通未来时练习(4)()16.Who________we________swimmingwithtomorrowafternoon?A.will;goB.do;goC.will;goingD.shall;go()17.We________theworkthiswaynexttime.A.doB.willdoC.goingtodoD.willdoing()18.Tomorrowhe________akiteintheopenairfirst,andthen________boatinginthepark.A.willfly;willgoB.willfly;goesC.isgoingtofly;willgoesD.flies;willgo()19.Thedayaftertomorrowthey________avolleyballmatch.A.willwatchingB.watchesC.iswatchingD.isgoingtowatch()20.There________abirthdaypartythisSunday.A.shallbeB.willbeC.shallgoingtobeD.willgoingtobe下一页返回33/42普通未来时练习（5）()21.They________anEnglisheveningnextSunday.A.arehavingB.aregoingtohaveC.willhavingD.isgoingtohave()22.________you________freenextSunday?A.Will;areB.Will;beC.Do;beD.Are;be()23.He________thereattentomorrowmorning.A.willB.isC.willbeD.be()24.________yourbrother________amagazinefromthelibrary?A.Are;goingtoborrowB.Is;goingtoborrowC.Will;borrowsD.Are;goingtoborrows()25.–ShallIcomeagaintomorrowafternoon?–________（好）.A.Yes,pleaseB.Yes,youwill.C.No,please.D.No,youwon’t.下一页返回34/42普通未来时练习（6）()26.It________theyearofthehorsenextyear.A.isgoingtobeB.isgoingtoC.willbeD.willis()27.________openthewindow?A.WillyoupleaseB.PleasewillyouC.YoupleaseD.Doyou()28.–Let’sgoouttoplayfootball,shallwe?–OK.I________.A.willcomingB.begoingtocomeC.comeD.amcoming()29.It________usalongtimetolearnEnglishwell.A.takesB.willtakeC.spendsD.willspend()30.Thetrain________at11.A.goingtoarriveB.willbearriveC.isgoingtoD.isarriving返回35/421.C2.D3.D4.D5.D6.B7.C8.D9.B10.B11.D12.C13.C14.C15.B16.D17.B18.A19.D20.B21.B22.B23.C24.B25.A26.A27.A28.D29.B30.D普通未来时练习答案36/42情态动词使用方法归纳

情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等。

情态动词无人称和数改变；不能单独使用，必须与其后动词原形组成谓语

一、can,could

1)表示能力（体力、知识、技能）