北京市顺义区2024-2025学年高一上学期期末英语试题【含答案解析】

顺义区2024—2025学年度第一学期期末质量监测高一英语试卷考生须知1.本试卷共10页，总分100分，考试用时90分钟，共五道大题。2.在答题卡上准确填写学校、姓名、班级和教育ID号。3.试卷所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答；非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。4.考试结束后，请将答题卡交回，试卷自己保留。一、完形填空（共14小题；每小题1.5分，共21分）阅读短文，掌握其大意，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。Twomonthsago,breathingheavilyinmyfirst-everhigh-levelgymclass,IwasunsureifI’dmakeitthroughthehour.Intheroom,Iseemedtobetheonlyonewhowas___1___fromthisnewclassItook.Everyoneelse,intheirfittedsportswearwithoutanysweattobeseen,lookedasiftheybelongedhere.I,ontheotherhand,withmymessyhairandoversizedclothes,___2___whyIhadeverbotheredcoming.Earlierlastyear,Idecidedtogive___3___arealshot.Allmylife,exercisehadbeena(n)___4___thing,andinschool,gymclasswasaplaceofawkwardness.Ineverygymclass,IfeltlikeIwasa___5___personintheroom.Then,onaSundaymorning,I___6___wenttomyuniversitygymforspinclass(动感单车课程).Ihadconsideredcancelingmanytimes,butItoldmyselfthatattendingtheclasswasallthat___7___.ThefirsttimeItriedtostandonthebikepedals(踏板),mylegswere___8___andIfeltIdidn’thaveenoughstrengthtofinishthisclass.Butwitheachclassgoingon,my___9___grewandIbecamelessfocusedonmyappearance.Instead,Icouldspendmoretimelookingatmy_____10_____,forexample,thinkingaboutsomethingtroublingmeordreamingaboutthefuture.Finally,thespinclassbecamemyspecialhoureveryweek.ThemoreIspun,themoreI_____11_____howpowerfulmybodywas.NeverbeforehadIfeltsuchprideinmybody’s_____12_____.Afterninemonthsofspinning,Iwantedto_____13_____myselfagain.AndthatwashowIfoundmyselfinthehigh-levelgymclass.Ifspinclassgotmeusedtomovingmybody,thenthisclasstaughtmethatIhadtoworktobuildmyfitness.Allinall,whattrulymattersis_____14_____,notwhatyouwearoryourfitnessabilities.1A.coming B.hearing C.suffering D.recovering2.A.reviewed B.supported C.wondered D.discussed3.A.kindness B.happiness C.tiredness D.fitness4.A.sharp B.foreign C.important D.simple5.A.strange B.peaceful C.lucky D.magic6.A.angrily B.nervously C.boringly D.continuously7.A.mattered B.remained C.happened D.lasted8.A.shaking B.changing C.waving D.strengthening9.A.surprise B.worth C.confidence D.knowledge10.A.muscles B.habits C.messages D.thoughts11.A.remembered B.realized C.considered D.searched12.A.temperature B.influence C.structure D.capability13.A.protect B.manage C.express D.challenge14.A.showingup B.breakingin C.catchingon D.comingby【答案】1.C2.C3.D4.B5.A6.B7.A8.A9.C10.D11.B12.D13.D14.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经上体育课很痛苦，到后来因为坚持去上课，身体能力得到加强，变得自信，找回了自我。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在教室里，我似乎是唯一一个因为我上这门新课而感到痛苦的人。A.coming来；B.hearing听见；C.suffering(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦；D.recovering恢复。根据上文“Twomonthsago,breathingheavilyinmyfirst-everhigh-levelgymclass,IwasunsureifI’dmakeitthroughthehour.(两个月前，在我第一次上高水平的体育课时，我喘着粗气，不确定自己是否能熬过这一小时)”可知，作者上课很痛苦。故选C。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：而我，一头乱发，穿着超大号的衣服，不知道自己为什么要来。A.reviewed复习；B.supported支持；C.wondered想知道；D.discussed讨论。根据后文“whyIhadeverbotheredcoming”可知，作者开始怀疑自己为什么要来上课，wonder表示“想知道”符合语境。故选C。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年早些时候，我决定给健身一个真正的机会。A.kindness善良；B.happiness幸福；C.tiredness疲惫；D.fitness健身。根据后文“exercise”可知，作者决定给健身一个真正的机会，开始锻炼。故选D。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的一生中，锻炼一直是一件陌生的事情，在学校里，体育课是一个尴尬的地方。A.sharp尖锐的；B.foreign陌生的；C.important重要的；D.simple简单的。根据后文“thing,andinschool,gymclasswasaplaceofawkwardness”提到体育课是尴尬的地方，说明锻炼对作者来说是陌生的事情。故选B。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次上体育课，我都觉得自己在教室里是个陌生人。A.strange陌生的；B.peaceful和平的；C.lucky幸运的；D.magic神奇的。根据上文“gymclasswasaplaceofawkwardness”可知，体育课让作者尴尬，所以推测作者感到自己在教室里是个陌生人。故选A。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，在一个周日的早晨，我紧张地去大学体育馆上动感单车课。A.angrily生气地；B.nervously紧张地；C.boringly无趣地；D.continuously持续地。根据后文“Ihadconsideredcancelingmanytimes”以及上文提到作者上体育课感觉自己像个陌生人，推测上课让作者紧张。故选B。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾多次考虑取消，但我告诉自己，参加课程是最重要的。A.mattered重要；B.remained维持；C.happened发生；D.lasted持续。呼应后文“Allinall,whattrulymattersis”指参加课程很重要。故选A。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次试着站在自行车踏板上时，我的腿在颤抖，我觉得我没有足够的力量来完成这节课。A.shaking颤抖，摇晃；B.changing改变；C.waving挥动；D.strengthening加强。根据后文“IfeltIdidn’thaveenoughstrengthtofinishthisclass.”可知，作者力量不足，腿在颤抖。故选A。9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是随着每节课的进行，我的信心增长了，我不再那么关注我的外表了。A.surprise惊讶；B.worth价值；C.confidence自信；D.knowledge知识。根据后文“Ibecamelessfocusedonmyappearance”可知，不再关注外表，推测作者上课后信心增长了。故选C。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，我可以花更多的时间反思我的想法，例如，思考困扰我的事情或梦想未来。A.muscles肌肉；B.habits习惯；C.messages信息；D.thoughts想法。根据后文“thinkingaboutsomethingtroublingmeordreamingaboutthefuture”可知，作者更加关注内心想法。故选D。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我骑车越多得越多，就越意识到我的身体有多么强大。A.remembered记得；B.realized意识到；C.considered考虑；D.searched搜索。根据后文“howpowerfulmybodywas”可知，作者开始意识到自己的力量强大。故选B。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有对自己身体的能力感到如此自豪。A.temperature温度；B.influence影响；C.structure结构；D.capability能力。根据上文“howpowerfulmybodywas”推测，作者对自己的身体能力自豪。故选D。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：练了九个月的单车后，我想再挑战一下自己。A.protect保护；B.manage设法；C.express表达；D.challenge挑战。根据后文“AndthatwashowIfoundmyselfinthehigh-levelgymclass.Ifspinclassgotmeusedtomovingmybody,thenthisclasstaughtmethatIhadtoworktobuildmyfitness.(就这样，我在高水平的体育课上找到了自己。如果说动感单车课让我习惯了运动身体，那么这节课教会了我必须努力锻炼身体)”推测作者通过挑战自己适应了高水平体育课。故选D。【14题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：总而言之，真正重要的是出席，而不是你穿什么或你的健身能力。A.showingup出现；B.breakingin闯入；C.catchingon变得流行；D.comingby顺便访问。呼应上文“Itoldmyselfthatattendingtheclass”指作者感悟重要的是去上课，而不是你穿什么或你的健身能力。故选A。二、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。Janicegotoffthetraintheothernight,wenttohercarandstarted____15____(drive)home.Hercarwasjustgoingaroundacornerwhenanothercarcrashedintoit.Injuredbythecrash,Janicewasstuckinherseat.Pete,aretiredteacher____16____wasabouttogotosleep,heardasharpnoiseandsawtheaccidentnotfaroutsidehishouse.HerushedoutandmanagedtodragJanicetosafety.“Ifelt____17____(surprise)atfirstbuthappyforwhatIcoulddo,”hesaid.【答案】15.todrive##driving16.who##that17.surprised【解析】【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章讲述了Janice晚上驾车遭遇车祸后，被一个退休教师救出的故事。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：某天晚上，Janice下了火车，走到她的车里，开始开车回家。动词短语starttodo或startdoing表示“开始做某事”，startedtodrive/drivinghome表示“开始开车回家”，符合句子和句意。故填todrive/driving。【16题详解】考查定语从句。句意：Pete是一名退休教师，他正准备睡觉，突然听到一声巨响，看到事故发生在离家不远的地方。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰名词短语“aretiredteacher”，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：一开始我感到很惊讶，但为我所能做的感到高兴。空处应用形容词，作表语；surprised为形容词，表示“感到惊讶的”，符合句意。故填surprised。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。Peopledidn’trealizewhatchangestechnologycouldbringus.Smartphones____18____(appear)inthe1990s,andhavechangedourdailylivesinvariousways.Forexample,inthepast,peopleonlyboughtthingsin____19____(shop)orsupermarkets,butnowtheycanplaceordersthroughtheirsmartphones.Mobilepaymentwasinvented____20____(make)ourpaymentquickerandsafer.Ithasalmostreplacedcashandbankcardsnowalthoughit____21____(refuse)bymostpeopleatthebeginning.【答案】18.appeared19.shops20.tomake21.wasrefused【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章叙述了科技为人类生活带来的改变。【18题详解】考查动词时态。句意：智能手机出现在20世纪90年代，并以各种方式改变了我们的日常生活。空处应用动词，作谓语；appear表示“出现”，为不及物动词，由“inthe1990s”可知，该句为一般过去时。故填appeared。

【19题详解】考查名词复数。句意：例如，在过去，人们只在商店或超市买东西。空处应用名词，作宾语；shop表示“商店”，为可数名词，结合“supermarkets”可知，应用复数，表示泛指。故填shops。【20题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：发明移动支付是为了使我们的支付更快捷、更安全。根据谓语动词“wasinvented”可知，空处应用动词make的非谓语动词形式，与“Mobilepayment”之间为主动关系，表示发明的目的，作目的状语，故应用动词不定式。故填tomake。【21题详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：虽然一开始它被大多数人拒绝，但现在它几乎取代了现金和银行卡。空处应用动词，作谓语；refuse为动词，表示“拒绝”，由“atthebeginning”可知，该句应为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，主语是“it”，与refuse之间为被动关系，表示“它被拒绝”，谓语为单数。故填wasrefused。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。Agreatnumberofplastic(塑料)products____22____(produce)everyyear,manyofwhichwillendupintheocean.Fisheatplentyofplastics,andpeopleeatthosefish.Itremainsunclearhowitwillaffecthumanhealth,but____23____(certain)theamountofplasticsusedhasincreasedmanytimesinthepast40years.Asthisgoeson,by2050ahugeamountofcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)willbegivenoff____24____thesky.【答案】22.areproduced23.certainly24.into【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了每年大量塑料制品被生产，很多流入海洋，鱼吞食塑料后被人类食用，虽尚不清楚对人类健康影响如何，但过去40年塑料使用量剧增，若持续下去，到2050年大量二氧化碳将排放至天空。【22题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每年生产大量的塑料产品，其中许多最终会进入海洋。根据时间状语“everyyear”可知，句子时态为一般现在时；主语“Agreatnumberofplasticproducts”（大量的塑料制品）与动词“produce”（生产）之间是被动关系，即塑料制品是被生产的，且主语是复数，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”。故填areproduced。【23题详解】考查副词。句意：目前还不清楚它将如何影响人类健康，但可以肯定的是，塑料的使用量在过去40年里增加了很多倍。此处修饰整个句子“theamountofplasticsusedhasincreasedmanytimesinthepast40years”，应该用副词形式作状语，certain的副词是certainly，意为“当然；肯定地”。故填certainly。【24题详解】考查介词。句意：照这样下去，到2050年，大量的二氧化碳将被排放到天空中。“giveothesky”表示“排放到天空中”，“into”表示“到……里面”，“giveoffcarbondioxideintothesky”即“向天空中排放二氧化碳”，所以填介词into。故填into。三、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，共40分）第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AHaveyoueverthoughtofbeingvolunteersinallkindsofartdesignactivitiesforcelebratoryscenes(庆祝的场景)?Haveyoueverwonderedwhatit’sliketobeinanartanddesignschool?ThenhowaboutjoininginCaliforniaCollegeoftheArts’Pre-CollegeProgram?Thisisyourtimetogrowasanindividualandtakeyourcreativitytothenextlevel.AtCaliforniaCollegeoftheArts’Pre-CollegeProgram,you’lljoinadifferentgroupofcreativethinkersandmakerswhosharetheirpassionforartanddesign.In-Person:YourstudyplacewillbetheCCASanFranciscoschool,whichislocatedintheSanFranciscoBayArea,hometowell-knownbrands(品牌),techcompanies,world-classmuseums,andanactiveenvironmentforartists,designers,andcreatorsfromacrosstheglobe.OnlineOfferings:Thecoursesallbeginat9inthemorningfromMondaytoFriday.June27-July29(5weeks).Qualification(资格):Theprogramisdesignedforstudentswhowillhavejustcompletedtheirsenioryearofhighschoolbysummer2025.Studentsmustbeatleast15byJuly2025andnotolderthan18toattend.ColorfulActivities:Someeveningandweekendactivitiessuchaslifedrawinglessons,lectures,andmanyworkshopsimprovethewholeprogramexperience.Someactivitieswillbeprovidedtostudentstwoweeksbeforetheprogrambegins.Teachers:CCA’sPre-Collegeteachersarewonderfulandhighlysuccessfulartists,designers,andwriterswhoareinterestedinsharingtheirprofessionaldeepunderstandingandexperienceswiththenextgenerationofcreativelearners.Mostteachatthecollege-level.HopeyouhaveanunforgettableexperiencebyjoiningCaliforniaCollegeoftheArts’Pre-CollegeProgramandmayyouhavesuccessfulvolunteerexperiences!Formoreinformation,pleasevisitourwebsite:https://www.teenink.com.25.Whatisoneoftheadvantagesofthestudyplace?A.It’shometofamousbrands. B.It’sopentoallartists.C.Ithasacleanenvironment. D.Ithasnation-classmuseums.26Whatdoweknowabouttheteachersintheprogram?A.Theyarehighlysuccessfulpeople. B.They’reeagertocreatenewideas.C.Theyallteachathigh-schoollevel. D.They’dliketosharetheirpersonallives.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Onlinecourseswilllast4weeks.B.Wecanhavetheonlinecoursesattheweekends.C.Wecanknowdetailsoftheprogrambyvisitingthewebsite.D.Onlinecolorfulactivitieswon’tbeknownuntiltheprogrambegins.28.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tohelppeoplecompleteagoal. B.Toattractstudentstotheprogram.C.Tohelpteenagersenterauniversity. D.Tomaketeenagershaveachievements.29.Thepassageismostprobablywrittento______.A.studentswhowillgoabroad B.studentswhoareatleast18yearsoldC.studentswhowillgraduatefromcollege D.studentswhowillfinishtheirsenioryearofhighschool【答案】25.A26.A27.C28.B29.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个大学预科课程的情况以及特色。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“In-Person:YourstudyplacewillbetheCCASanFranciscoschool,whichislocatedintheSanFranciscoBayArea,hometowell-knownbrands(品牌),techcompanies,world-classmuseums,andanactiveenvironmentforartists,designers,andcreatorsfromacrosstheglobe.(面对面：你的学习地点将是位于旧金山湾区的CCA旧金山学校，这里有知名品牌、科技公司、世界级博物馆，以及来自世界各地的艺术家、设计师和创作者的活跃环境)”可知，学习场所的优点之一是它是著名品牌的所在地。故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Teachers:CCA’sPre-Collegeteachersarewonderfulandhighlysuccessfulartists,designers,andwriterswhoareinterestedinsharingtheirprofessionaldeepunderstandingandexperienceswiththenextgenerationofcreativelearners.Mostteachatthecollege-level.(教师：CCA的大学预科教师都是非常出色和非常成功的艺术家、设计师和作家，他们有兴趣与下一代有创造力的学习者分享他们专业的深刻理解和经验。他们大多数都是大学水平的教师)”可知，这个项目的老师都是非常成功的人。故选A。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Formoreinformation,pleasevisitourwebsite:https://www.teenink.com.(更多信息请访问我们的网站：https://)”可知，我们可以通过访问网站了解项目的细节。故选C。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Haveyoueverthoughtofbeingvolunteersinallkindsofartdesignactivitiesforcelebratoryscenes(庆祝的场景)?Haveyoueverwonderedwhatit’sliketobeinanartanddesignschool?ThenhowaboutjoininginCaliforniaCollegeoftheArts’Pre-CollegeProgram?Thisisyourtimetogrowasanindividualandtakeyourcreativitytothenextlevel.(你有没有想过在各种庆祝场景的艺术设计活动中做志愿者？你有没有想过在艺术设计学校学习是什么感觉？那么参加加州艺术学院的大学预科课程怎么样？这是你作为一个个体成长的时间，把你的创造力提升到一个新的水平)”结合文章主要介绍了一个大学预科课程的情况以及特色。可知，文章的主要目的是吸引学生参加这个项目。故选B。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Qualification(资格):Theprogramisdesignedforstudentswhowillhavejustcompletedtheirsenioryearofhighschoolbysummer2025.(资格认证：该项目是为到2025年夏季刚刚完成高中最后一年的学生设计的)”可知，这篇文章很可能是写给即将完成高中最后一年学业的学生的。故选D。BSomedaysagoinaPEclass,IfoundtheParalympicGamesofLondonveryinspiring.Althoughtheathletesweredisabled,theytriedtheirbesttoachievethegoals.IfinditimportanttoletpeoplerealizethespiritsoftheParalympicGamesandIthinkthatwritingapostaboutitcanhelppeoplelearnalotaboutit.IamgoingtousetheexampleofJessicaTatianaLong,awomanIadmireverymuch,tointroducethespiritsoftheParalympicGames.JessicawasborninRussiainFebruary,1992,andthenattheageof13monthsshewasadopted(收养)byAmericanpeople.Unfortunately,becauseofaseriousdisease,hertwolegswerepartlycutoffatonly18monthsandshehadtolearnhowtowalkwithwalkingsticks.Inaninterview,shesaidthatinherchildhood,shewasn’tconfidentandfeltreallybadaboutherphysicaldisability.Butaftersomeyearssherealizedshehadgreatabilitiesinsports.Atthebeginning,shewaspartofagymnasticclub,butthesportwasextremelypainfulforher.At10yearsold,shebeganswimmingandwiththesupportofherfamily,attheageof12,shejoinedtheParalympicsin2004.ShefinallywonthreemedalsinswimmingandbecametheyoungestathletetowinatParalympics.Thismarkedthebeginningofheramazingcareerinthesport.Ibelieveafterreadingherstories,youwillfeelinspired.Shewon29medals,including16goldmedals,andevenwroteherautobiography(自传):Unsinkable.BacktotheParalympics,thefirstParalympicstookplaceinStokeMandeville,asmallvillageinEnglandonJuly29th,1948.Sincethen,theParalympicshasimprovedanddeveloped.Inmyopinion,withoutsuchevents,it’shardtoknowsomanyamazingdisabledathletes.Moreover,ithelpsmanydisabledpeoplefeelbetteraboutthemselvesandshowsthatphysicaldisabilitiesdon’thavetoholdthembackfromachievinggreatness.30.WhatdoweknowaboutJessica?A.ShewasborninAmerica.B.Shehadanoperationonherlegs.C.ShewasraisedbyRussianpeople.D.Shewashealthyattheageof19months.31.HowdidJessicafeeluponherdisabilityinherchildhood?A.Down. B.Angry. C.Moved. D.Surprised.32.Fromthepassage,weknowthat______.A.JessicawroteabookaboutherownspecialstoryB.JessicabeganswimmingbeforejoininginagymnasticclubC.Jessica’sfriendsnoticedthatshehadgreatabilitiesinsportsD.JessicabecamethesecondyoungestathletetowinattheParalympics33.Thewriterismostlikelytoagreethat______.A.alldisabledpeoplecanjointheParalympicsB.theParalympicshaskeptthesamesinceitstartedC.youcannothavebigachievementsifyou’readoptedD.theParalympicsgivesusachancetodiscovermanygreatdisabledathletes34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.OnceBitten,TwiceShyB.TheHistoryoftheParalympicsC.ActionsSpeakLouderthanWordsD.DisabledAthletesintheWorldofSport【答案】30.B31.A32.A33.D34.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在文章中，作者以一位女残疾运动员JessicaTatianaLong为例，描述了她从小时候的不自信，到在残奥会上赢得了多枚奖牌的经历，来宣传残奥会精神，表达了残奥会帮助了许多残疾人更好地了解自己、发掘自己的能力，是令人鼓舞人心的赛事的观点。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Unfortunately,becauseofaseriousdisease,hertwolegswerepartlycutoffatonly18monthsandshehadtolearnhowtowalkwithwalkingsticks.(不幸的是，由于一场严重的疾病，她的两条腿在18个月大的时候就被部分切断了，她不得不学习如何用拐杖走路)”可知，Jessica的双腿做过手术。故选B。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Inaninterview,shesaidthatinherchildhood,shewasn’tconfidentandfeltreallybadaboutherphysicaldisability.(在一次采访中，她说在她的童年，她不自信，对自己的身体残疾感到非常难过)”可知，Jessica在童年时，对自己的残疾感到悲伤、难过。故选A。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Shewon29medals,including16goldmedals,andevenwroteherautobiography(自传):Unsinkable.(她赢得了29枚奖牌，其中包括16枚金牌，甚至还写了她的自传：Unsinkable)”可知，Jessica写了一本自传，讲述了她自己的特殊故事。故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inmyopinion,withoutsuchevents,it’shardtoknowsomanyamazingdisabledathletes.(在我看来，没有这样的赛事，很难认识这么多了不起的残疾运动员)”可推知，作者最可能认为残奥会让我们有机会发现许多伟大的残疾运动员。故选D。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Althoughtheathletesweredisabled,theytriedtheirbesttoachievethegoals.(虽然运动员是残疾人，但他们尽了最大的努力来实现目标)”、第二段“IamgoingtousetheexampleofJessicaTatianaLong,awomanIadmireverymuch,tointroducethespiritsoftheParalympicGames.(我将以我非常钦佩的JessicaTatianaLong为例，介绍残奥会的精神。)”、最后一段“Inmyopinion,withoutsuchevents,it’shardtoknowsomanyamazingdisabledathletes.(在我看来，没有这样的赛事，很难认识这么多了不起的残疾运动员)”和全文内容可知，文章以Jessica为例，讲述了残奥会让人们认识了许多了不起的残疾运动员。故选D。CDecisionstaketime.Choosinganewapartmentanddecidingwhethertochangejobsareseriousproblemswithmanysidesthatneedtobecarefullybalanced.However,wealsomakemanysmalldecisionseveryday.Somewemakeagainandagain,aswhattohavefordinnerorwhichclothestowear.Othershappenlessoften,butthereisalwaysonewaitingforyoutodecidelikewhethertoreplaceyouroldcomputerorwhichhoteltobookforyourholidays.Smalldecisionsalsotaketime.Funnily,however,thesmalldecisionsthatmighteatalargerpartofyourtimemightbetheonesthatmatterless.Thisisbecauseofabasicpsychological(心理学的)law:whenyouchoosebetweentwothings,yourbrainneedsmoretimeiftheyaremorealike.Imagineyouhavetochoosebetweentwohotelsforyourbeachholidays.Thefirstcosts$200lesspernightthanthesecond,butotherthanthat,thetwoareverysimilarinquality.Unlessyougetextrainformation,youwillprobablybookthecheaperhotelveryquickly.Now,supposethefirsthotelcostsjust$10lesspernight,anditis100metersfurtherawayfromthebeachthanthesecond.Itcouldpossiblytakeyouagestojumpbetweenthetwochoicesbeforefinallydeciding.Youcanseethatwhenthedifferencesaresmall,yourbrainactuallyhasahardertimemakingadecision.Thisinterestingfactwasdiscoveredin2012,whenresearchersfoundthatwhenitcomestomakingchoices,thelesspeoplecareabouttheresult,thelongertheytaketodecide.Thisishowthehumanbrainworks.Ifyouarechoosingbetweentwothingswhicharealmostexactlyasvaluabletoyou,whatyouchoosedoesnotmattermuch,becausethedifferencebetweenthemissmall.Inthewordsofresearchers,the“opportunitycost”islow.Andyet,researchhasshownthatpeopleactuallyspendmoretimeondecisionsthatmatterless.Sowhatcanyoulearnfromthis?Well,atleastforsmalldecisions,ifyoufindyourselfhavingahardtime,itmightbebecauseitdoesnotmatter.Sojustdosomethingandstopworrying.Again,thisisnottrueforharddecisionslikepickingyourkid’sschool.Butifyouaredecidingwhethertopaintyourkitchenwhiteoryellow,andyoufindyourselfhavingaheadacheoverit,youareprobablywastingyourtime.Thekeyistorecognizewhenthedifficultycomesfromyourself,andwhenitcomesfromnothavingenoughinformation.Ifyoualreadyknoweverythingabouttwocomputersandfindyourselfgoingbackandforthbetweenthem,itmeansyoudon’tcarethatmuch.Throwacoin,buyone,anduseyourtimeforsomethingmoreimportant.35.Whatcanweinfer(推断)aboutthehumanbrain?A.Itcan’tdecidewhat’simportantforus.B.Ittakeslittletimetomakeharddecisions.C.Itoftenchooseswrongwhentheresultmatters.D.Ithasdifficultychoosingbetweentwosimilarthings.36.Paragraph3mainlygivesus______.A.adescriptionofhowourbrainsdealwithinformationB.aviewpointonwhatpeoplevaluewhenmakingdecisionsC.apredictionaboutwhenpeoplemightmakebetterchoicesD.anexampleofhowourbrainschoosebetweensimilarthings37.WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseinParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Chanceofmakingadecision. B.Priceofmakingachoice.C.Valueofmakingadifference. D.Importanceofmakingawish.38.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Weshouldcarelessaboutharddecisions.B.Decision-makingisdifficultformostpeople.C.Peopleoftenwastetimemakingunimportantchoices.D.Researchisnotneededwhenmakingsmalldecisions.39.Accordingtothepassage,whatattitudeshouldwehavewhenfacingsmalldecisions?A.Worriedandscared. B.Relaxedanddecisive.C.Calmandserious. D.Cheerfulandcurious.【答案】35.D36.D37.B38.C39.B【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了做决定花费时间的原因和应对方法。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thisisbecauseofabasicpsychological(心理学的)law:whenyouchoosebetweentwothings,yourbrainneedsmoretimeiftheyaremorealike.(这是因为一个基本的心理学定律：当你在两个事物之间做出选择时，如果它们更相似，你的大脑需要更多的时间。)”可推知，人的大脑很难在两个相似事物之间做出选择。故选D。【36题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thisisbecauseofabasicpsychological（心理学的）law:whenyouchoosebetweentwothings,yourbrainneedsmoretimeiftheyaremorealike.(这是因为一个基本的心理学定律：当你在两个事物之间做出选择时，如果它们更相似，你的大脑需要更多的时间。)”和第三段“Imagineyouhavetochoosebetweentwohotelsforyourbeachholidays.Thefirstcosts$200lesspernightthanthesecond,butotherthanthat,thetwoareverysimilarinquality.(想象一下，你必须在海滩度假的两家酒店中做出选择。前者每晚比后者便宜200美元，但除此之外，两者在质量上非常相似。)”和该段内容可知，第三段主要是在第二段提出的心理学定律的基础上，举例说明了我们的大脑是如何在两个相似事物之间做出选择的。故选D。【37题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段“Ifyouarechoosingbetweentwothingswhicharealmostexactlyasvaluabletoyou,whatyouchoosedoesnotmattermuch,becausethedifferencebetweenthemissmall.(如果你在两件对你来说几乎完全一样有价值的东西之间做出选择，你选择什么并不重要，因为它们之间的差别很小。)”和划线词所在句“Inthewordsofresearchers,the“opportunitycost”islow.(用研究人员的话来说，“opportunitycost”很低。)”可知，如果在两件几乎完全一样有价值的东西之间做出选择，选择所付出的代价是很低的，故opportunitycost表示“做出选择的代价”。故选B。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Andyet,researchhasshownthatpeopleactuallyspendmoretimeondecisionsthatmatterless.(然而，研究表明，人们实际上花了更多的时间在不那么重要的决定上。)”和第五段“Butifyouaredecidingwhethertopaintyourkitchenwhiteoryellow,andyoufindyourselfhavingaheadacheoverit,youareprobablywastingyourtime.(但是，如果你正在决定把你的厨房刷成白色还是黄色，而你发现自己对此感到头疼，那么你可能是在浪费时间。)”可知，人们经常把时间浪费在做一些不重要的决定上。故选C。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Throwacoin,buyone,anduseyourtimeforsomethingmoreimportant.(抛硬币，买一个，然后把你的时间用在更重要的事情上。)”可知，在遇到小的决定时，我们可以采用抛硬币的方式，放松而果断地做出决定。故选B。第二节阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。Weallknowhowitfeelstogoanightwithoutsleep.Butadaywithlittlesleepdoesn’talwayshavetobeabadday.Wejustneedtogiveourselvesalittleextracare.Soherearesometipstocareforyourselfafteranightwithlittlerest.Firstly,giveyourselfabreak.Inourculture,weoftenfeelthatwehavetopushourselvestodoourbestevenwhenfacingsleeplessness.Butit’sokaytotakeabreak.Breakingdowntasksorputtingoffimportantdecisionsmightbegoodchoicesonasleepyday.Manypeoplechoosetodrinkcoffeewhentheyareshortofsleep.Buttimeisthekeyhere.Ifpeopledodrinkcoffee,theyshoulddoitasearlyaspossible.What’sworsethanonesleeplessnightistwosleeplessnights.Toomuchcoffeetoolateinthedaycanmakeithardertofallasleep.It’salsoagoodideatoletpeopleknowyouhaven’tsleptwell.Nothavingenoughrestcanmakeuseasiertogetangry.Itcanalsoaffectourmemoryandconcentration,makingusmorelikelytomakemistakes.Mostpeopleexpecttobegiventhemessagewhenothershaven’tsleptwell.Thisway,theywillbereadytooffermorespaceandpatience.Finally,tryexercising.Exercisemightbethelastthingyouwanttodoonadaywhenyoufeelsleepy,yetevenashortwalkupanddownthestairsmayhelpyouwakeupabitandliftyourspirits.Butyouhavetoknowyourlimits,oritmightcauseseriousproblems.Thebestwaytoexerciseonasleepydayistodoitslowly,gently,andinsmallamounts.Allinall,beingshortofsleepcanbeachallengingexperience.Still,withcare,itispossibletohaveagoodday.40.WhatmightbegoodchoicesonasleepydayaccordingtoParagraph2?（不多于8个单词）_____________________________________________________________41.WhenshouldpeopledrinkcoffeeonadaywithlittlesleepaccordingtoParagraph3?（不多于4个单词）_____________________________________________________________42.Whatcanmakepeopleeasiertogetangry?（不多于4个单词）_____________________________________________________________43.What’sthebestwaytoexerciseonasleepyday?（不多于9个单词）_____________________________________________________________44.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?（不多于12个单词）_____________________________________________________________【答案】40.Breakingdowntasksorputtingoffimportantdecisions.41.Asearlyaspossible.42.Nothavingenoughrest.43.Todoitslowly,gently,andinsmallamounts.44.Sometipstocareforyourselfafteranightwithlittlerest./Howtocareforyourselfwhenyouareshortofsleep.【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要就如何在晚上没睡好觉的情况下照顾好自己方面给出了一些建议。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段“Breakingdowntasksorputtingoffimportantdecisionsmightbegoodchoicesonasleepyday.(在困倦的一天，分解任务或推迟重要的决定可能是不错的选择。)”可知，在困倦的一天，分解任务或推迟重要的决定可能是不错的选择。故答案为Breakingdowntasksorputtingoffimportantdecisions。【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段“Ifpeopledodrinkcoffee,theyshoulddoitasearlyaspossible.(如果人们确实要喝咖啡，他们应该尽早喝。)”可知，在睡眠不足的一天，人们要是喝咖啡，应该今早喝。故答案为Asearlyaspossible。【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段“Nothavingenoughrestcanmakeuseasiertogetangry.(没有足够的休息会让我们更容易生气。)”可知，没有足够的休息会让人们更易生气。故答案为Nothavingenoughrest。【43题详解】考查细节理解。根据第五段“Thebestway