Unit3BacktothePast基础知识背记检测版-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性

Unit3BacktothepastPart1Weletotheunit，Reading，GrammarandusageI.基础识记1.voyagen.航海,航行,航天 vi.航行,远行2.load vt.&vi.装上,装入 n.负载;承载量;大量3pass n.罗盘,指南针;圆规4.dismiss vt.不予考虑,对……不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散5.insist vi.&vt.坚决要求,坚持;坚持说6.route n.路线,路途;途径,渠道7.panic n.惊恐,恐慌vi.&vt.(panicked,panicked)(使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措8.regardless adv.不顾,不加理会9.shore n.岸,滨10.captain n.船长,机长;上校;队长11.kingdom n.王国;管辖范围12.royal adj.盛大的,庄严的;皇家的,王室的13.tomb n.坟墓14.prison n.监狱15.phrase n.成语,习语;短语,词组16.format n.总体安排,设计;版式阅读单词1.fleetn.舰队;捕鱼船队;车队2.log n.航海日志,正式记录;原木 vi.&vt.伐木3.minister n.大臣,部长拓展单词1.breadthn.宽度;广泛→broadadj.宽的,辽阔的;显著的→broadenv.变宽;(使)扩大影响;增长(经验、知识等)→broadlyadv.大体上;基本上2.convincevt.使相信;说服,劝说→convincedadj.确信的→convincingadj.令人信服的3.navigatev.航行;导航→navigationn.航行;航海→navigableadj.可航行的;可驾驶的→navigatorn.航海家;领航员;驾驶员4.leakv.漏,渗漏;泄露n.漏洞→leakyadj.漏的;有漏洞的→leakagen.泄漏;渗漏物5.strengthenv.加强,增强→strengthn.力量;力气→strongadj.坚强的;强壮的adv.猛烈地→stronglyadv.强有力地;坚强地6.harmoniousadj.友好和睦的;和谐的→harmonyn.协调;和睦→harmonizev.使和谐;使一致→harmoniouslyadv.和谐地;调和地7.proofn.证据,证明→provev.证明;检验;证明是→provedadj.证实的;被证明的8.acknowledgevt.承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢→acknowledgementn.承认;确认;感谢→acknowledgedadj.公认的;被普遍认可的9.influentialadj.有很大影响力的,有支配力的→influencen.影响;有影响的人或事vt.影响;改变→influentiallyadv.有影响地;有力地10.departv.离开,起程→departuren.离开;出发;违背11.financialadj.财政的,金融的,财务的→financen.财政,财政学;金融v.负担经费,筹措资金→financiallyadv.财政上;金融上12.shortagen.不足,短缺→shortadj.短的;不足的;矮的→shortlyadv.立刻;简短地→shortenv.缩短;减少;变短13.subsequentadj.随后的,后来的→subsequentlyadv.随后,其后;后来14.astonishv.使十分惊讶,使吃惊→astonishedadj.吃惊的→astonishingadj.惊人的;令人惊讶的→astonishmentn.惊讶;令人惊讶的事物15.literaryadj.文学的,文学上的;爱好文学的→literaturen.文学;文献;著作→literacyn.读写能力;精通文学→literateadj.受过教育的;精通文学的16.extensivelyadv.广阔地;广泛地→extensiveadj.广泛的;大量的;广阔的→extendv.延伸;扩大;伸展→extensionn.延长;延期;扩大;伸展→extendedadj.延伸的;扩大的;长期的17.facilitatevt.使便利,促进→facilityn.设施;设备;容易;灵巧→facilitatorn.服务商;促进者→facilitationn.简易化18.availableadj.可获得的,可找到的;有空的→availabilityn.可用性;有效性;实用性19.exceptionaladj.杰出的,优秀的;异常的,罕见的→exceptprep.除……之外→exceptionn.例外;异议→exceptionallyadv.异常地;特殊地;例外地词块积累1.onboard 在船上(或飞机上、火车上)2.onbehalfof代表(或代替);为帮助;为了3.beloadedwith 装满……；充满……4.departfrom 离开……，从……起程；背离……，违反……5.inpanic 惊慌地，慌乱中6.regardlessof 不管,不顾7.allowfor 使成为可能;考虑到,把……计算在内8.sortout 理顺,整理;把……安排好句型巩固1.He(ZhengHe)evensailedasfarastheeastcoastofAfrica.他(郑和)甚至远航到非洲东海岸。2.Thosewhomakegreatdiscoveriesmustoftenoveremanychallengesalongtheway—aswasthecasewiththeexplorerChristopherColumbus.那些做出重大发现的人必须沿路克服许多挑战——就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布一样。3.ZhengHe’sacplishmentsarenowwidelyacknowledged,andheisrememberedasoneofChina’smostinfluentialexplorers.郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可,他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。4.HisvoyagesopenedanewchapteroftheAgeofExploration,aperiodwhichwitnessedmanyimportantgeographicalfindings.Thisperiodalsoallowedforaninternationalexchangeofideasandcultures.他的航海开启了探索时代的新篇章,这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。这一时期还使得思想和文化的国际交流成为可能。5.TherecordsshowthatthevisitorswereastonishedbyhowrichandtechnologicallyadvancedtheMingDynastywas.记录表明,来访者对明朝如此富有和技术上如此先进感到很震惊。语法：从句1.(全国甲卷）Whatwediscoveredis____it’sunwisetojudgewhatyoueatonlybyitsappearance.(·全国Ⅰ卷)Thekeyfindingofthestudywas______whencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion...(全国乙卷)Indoorplantsmightlook______theyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.(浙江1月卷)

Thisismakinglistsisimportantinanyproductivityhandbook.5.(新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Thatispartlypeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracteddrivingwas“onlyincreasing,unfortunately.”

答案及剖析:1.that考查表语从句。表语从句句意完整,不缺句子成分,表达肯定的含义,用that引导。2.that考查表语从句。表语从句句意完整,不缺句子成分,表达肯定的含义,用that引导。3.asif考查表语从句。asif/though引导的表语从句中,当说话者认为所述不是事实或发生的可能性不大时,从句用虚拟语气。4.why考查表语从句。表语从句缺少状语,根据句意用why引导。5.because考查表语从句。表语从句缺少状语,根据句意用because引导。专项训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Heactedasthoughhe(know)nothingaboutit.

2.Thethirdsectionofthenewspaperiswecanknowsomethingaboutscienceandtechnology.

[变式训练]Thethirdsectionofthenewspaperistheoneinwecanknowsomethingaboutscienceandtechnology.

3.Thereasonwhyhisresearchfailedwasheneglectedtheimportanceofteamefforts.

[变式训练]Hisresearchfailed;thatwasheneglectedtheimportanceofteamefforts.

4.Mysuggestionisthatweall(take)anactivepartintheingsportsmeet.

[变式训练]Hesuggested(take)anactivepartintheingsportsmeet.

5.Whatreallymattersisyoudo,youmustdoitwell.

答案:1.hadknown2.where[变式训练]which3.that[变式训练]because4.(should)take[变式训练]taking5.whateverⅡ.语篇填空TheThreeLawsofRoboticsputforwardbyIsaacAsimovare1.weshouldobeywhenproducingrobotsinourreallife.Theserulesarealso2afilmrelatingtorobotstriestodisplaytotheaudience.Inthemovie,people’soriginalthoughtwas3.robotscouldliveinharmonywithhumanbeings.Thatwas4.sincerobotswerewidelyusedinvariousareas,nounpleasantthingshadhappened.Thatwas5.manexpected.However,withtheadvancementoftechnology,thefactwas6.somerobotsdevelopedhumanemotions.Itlooked7.therobotswouldtakecontrolofhumanbeings.Thatwas8.peopleworried.

答案:1.what2.what3.that4.becausewhat6.that7.asif8.whatPart2Integratedskills，Extendedreading,Project,Assessment,Furtherstudy基础单词1.shelf n.(pl.shelves)(书架等的)架子,搁板2.contrary adj.相反的,相对立的;截然不同的3.aboard prep.&adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上,上(车、船、飞机等)4.washroom n.洗手间,厕所5.uniform n.制服;队服 adj.一致的,统一的6.eagle n.雕7.dive vi.俯冲;跳水;潜水 n.冲,扑,俯冲;潜水;跳水8.thunder vi.轰隆隆地响;打雷 n.雷,雷声9.meanwhile adv.同时;其间;对比之下10.drag vt.拖,拉;缓慢而费力地移动11.chaos n.混乱,杂乱12.navy n.海军,海军部队13.bleed vi.(bled,bled)失血,流血14.plot n.阴谋;故事情节 vi.&vt.密谋15.sink vi.&vt.(sank,sunk)下沉,沉没;坐下;降低16.reform vt.改进,改良,改革 n.改革,改良17.output n.产量,输出量18.cloth n.织物,布料19.shift n.改变,转移;轮班 vi.&vt.(使)移动,(使)转移;改变20.cottage n.小屋,村舍阅读单词1.hell n.地狱;苦难的经历,悲惨的境况2.rub vt.&vi.擦,磨,搓;(使)相互摩擦

3.deck n.甲板,舱面4.hatch vt.密谋,策划;使孵出 vi.孵化;孵出5.infamy n.臭名昭著,声名狼藉;恶行,罪恶6.episode n.一段经历,片段;一集7.textile n.纺织品;(复数)纺织业拓展单词1.adoptvt.采用,采取;领养,收养→adoptionn.采用;收养;接受→adoptedadj.被收养的;被采用的→adoptern.收养者→adopteen.被收养者2parisonn.对比;比较→parev.比较,对比;与……类比→parableadj.可比较的;比得上的→parativeadj.比较的;相当的3.packv.塞进,挤进;收拾;打包n.包,包裹→packedadj.充满/塞满……的4.violentlyadv.猛烈地,厉害地;强烈地,激烈地→violentadj.暴力的;猛烈的→violencen.暴力;侵犯;激烈5.freezev.(froze,frozen)突然停止,呆住;结冰;冻僵→freezern.冰箱;冷冻库→freezingadj.结冰的;极冷的→frozenadj.冻结的6.memorialn.纪念碑(或像等);纪念物→memoryn.记忆,记忆力;内存→memorizev.记住,背熟;记忆7.prayvi.&vt.企盼,祈求;祈祷,祷告→prayern.祈祷,祷告;恳求;祈祷文→prayerfuladj.虔诚的;常常祷告的词块积累1.contraryto 与……相反2.onthecontrary 正相反3.cottageindustry 家庭手工业4.putsb.ingravedanger使某人身陷极度的危险5.beloadedwithgifts装载着礼物6.inlinewithone’swill按照某人的意愿7.bearwitnesstothelonghistory见证悠久的历史8.bemarkedwithamemorial以纪念碑为标志句型巩固1.在袭击发生后的混乱中，美国海军给他的家人发了一个消息，说路易斯在袭击中丧生了。Inthechaosandconfusionaftertheattack,theUSNavysentamessagetohisfamilythatLouishadbeenkilledintheattack.路易和拉塞尔永远不会忘记袭击的可怕场面，但他们很幸运，是亚利桑那号战舰为数不多的幸存者之一。2.Russellwassavedfromthewater,buthewasbadlyburnt,bleedingheavily.拉塞尔被从水里救了出来，但他被严重烧伤，大量出血。LouisandRussellwouldneverforgettheterriblesceneoftheattack,buttheywerefortunateenoughtobeamongthefewsurvivorsfromtheArizona.3.在37对兄弟中，拉赛尔和他的兄弟是唯一在袭击中幸存的一对。Outof37setsofbrothers,Russellandhisbrotherweretheonlyfullpairtosurvivetheattack.4.第二天，罗斯福总统发表了著名的“珍珠港演说”，在演说中，他把12月7日描述为“一个将永远背负耻辱的日子”。Thenextday,PresidentRooseveltdeliveredhisfamousPearlHarborSpeech,inwhichhedescribedDecember7as“adatewhichwillliveininfamy”5.他们来这里是为了看珍珠港底部的船的影子，了解这次袭击，向那些在袭击中丧生的人表示敬意，并为世界和平祈祷。TheyetoseetheshadowoftheshipatthebottomofPearlHarbor,tolearnabouttheattack,toshowrespectforthosewhohadlosttheirlivesintheattackandtoprayforworldpeace.课文语法填空HellestoPearlHarborItwasSunday,December7,1941.Asusual,thewake­upcall1.______(e)at5：45a．m.Itlookedlikeitwouldbeanormaldayonboardtheship.Suddenly,theshipshookviolentlyandthemenlookedateachotherinhorror.ThescreamofJapaneseplanes'engineswasdeafening.Russellfelthisbloodfreeze,buthequicklycameto2.—_____(he)andrusheduptothedeck.Momentslater,abombhittheUSSArizonaandRussell3.________(throw)morethan100metersacrosstheship.Louiswasluckynottobethrownintothesea.Withonlyminorinjuries,hewasabletohelpothers4.____wereseverelyburntandinterriblepain.After5._______(receive)theordertoabandonship,Louissavedmoremenfromthewater,draggingthemintothelifeboat.Russellwassavedfromthewater,buthewasbadlyburnt,bleeding6.______(heavy).Fortunately,hewastakentohospitalandsurvived.Formanyyears,Russellrefused7._____(talk)aboutwhathappenedthatmorning,describingitsimplyas“hell”．LouisandRussellwouldneverforgettheterriblesceneoftheattack,8.___theywerefortunateenoughtobeamongthefewsurvivorsfromtheArizona.9.____total,morethan2,000Americanpeoplewerekilledandover1,000otherswerewoundedthatday.Morethan1,000peopleaboardtheArizonalosttheirlives.Althoughabouteightdecadeshaspassed,theattackonPearlHarbor,oneofthe10._____(dark)episodesinAmericanhistory,willneverbeforgotten.答案：1.came2.himself3.wasthrown4.who5.receiving6.heavily7.totalk8.but9.In10.darkest课时作业Part1课时作业单词拼写1.Someeducationexpertsproposethatteachersshouldtakesomeofthe(负荷)offthestudents.

2.Ithinkwecansafely(不予考虑)theirobjectionunlesstheycookupaconvincingexplanation.

3.Developmentsonthisissuewillbedealtwithina(随后的)report.

4.Keepyourreceiptas(证据)ofpurchase.

5．Tomis______(队长)oftheschoolbasketballteamnow.6．Thehouseissooldthatitsroof______(漏)wheneveritrains.7．Youshouldplanyour______(路线)inadvance,usingmainroadsasfaraspossible.8．Shegotintoa_____(恐慌)whenshethoughtshe'dforgottenthetickets.9．Thebossdecidesto_____(解雇)himbecauseitisobviousthatheisnotsuitableforthejob.10．TheattackcausedgreatdamagetotheBritish_____(舰队)．答案:1.of5.captain6.leaks7.route8.panic9.dismiss10.fleetII.语境填词1.I’m(convince)ofherinnocence.

2.Hewasoneofthemost(influence)performersofmodernjazz.

3.TheskyrocketinghousingpricesinsomemajorcitiesinChinahavecreatedanacute(short)ofaffordablehousingforthepoor.

4.Theexplorersfoundthelandswerealivewithan(astonish)varietyofwildlife.

5．Buildinga_______(harmony)societyneedstheactiveparticipationofeveryone.6．Wemustpullourpanyoutofthe_______(finance)crisisassoonaspossible.7．Theagreementwehavereachedwillhelpto________(strength)thecooperationbetweenus.8．Allpassengersarerequiredtocheckinatleastanhourbefore_________(depart)．9.Thisdeadlinewillbeextendedonlyin__________（exception）circumstances.10.Therearesomanygreatworksof________(literary)thatIamabsorbedinitalldaylong.答案:1.convinced2.influential3.shortage4.astonishing5.harmonious6.financial7.strengthen8.departure9.exceptional10.literature单句情景写作他不顾后果，毅然决然地做了那件事。（regardlessof）____________________________________________________________________2.请把这些文件分类，并用夹子把它们夹在一起。（sortout;并列句）____________________________________________________________________3.尽管昨晚发生了意想不到的暴风雪，游客们仍坚持按计划行事。（insiston；despite）____________________________________________________________________4.我想代表学生会向学校提出一个问题。（onbehalfof）____________________________________________________________________5.与普遍的看法相反，高智商的学生并不一定会取得学业上的成功。（contrary;notnecessarily）6.除了天色已晚之外,还下起了雨,这使得行程更加艰难。(Ontopof;定语从句）____________________________________________________________________7.中国只拥有全世界10%的可耕地(arableland),养活了世界22%的人口。(Coveranareaof;manageto)_____________________________________________________________________答案：1.Hewentaheadanddidit,regardlessoftheconsequences.

2.Sortoutthesepapersandfastenthemtogetherwithaclip,please.

3.Thetouristsinsistedonkeepingtotheirplandespitetheunexpectedsnowstormlastnight.

4.I’dliketorepresentaproblemtotheschoolonbehalfoftheStudentUnion.

5.Contrarytopopularbelief,highlyintelligentstudentsdonotnecessarilyachieveacademicsuccess.

6.Ontopofitbeingdark,itrained,whichmadethegoingeventougher.7.Coveringanareaofonly10%oftheworld’sarableland，Chinamanagestofeed22%oftheworld’spopulation.Part2课时作业I.单词拼写1.Temperaturebees(一致的)byheatconductionuntilfinallyapermanentstateisreached.

2.The(改革)haverecentlybeelawthateveryoneshouldobey.

3.Yesterday’smeetingwasintendedto(制订)asurvivalstrategyforthepartyaftertheCivilWarbrokeout.

4.Manufacturing(产量)hasincreasedby8%thesethreeyears.

5．Thebookyouneedisputonthe____(架子)inthecornerofthelibrary.6．Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinanyreligionbut______(同时)herespectsothers'religiousfreedom.7．Ifyoubrushyourteethtoohard,yourmouthmaystartto____(流血)．8．We'reinastateofplete_____(混乱)soweneedalittletimetosortourselvesout.9．Idecidedto_____(打包)afewthingsandhaveaholidayinthecountryside.10．Letmecheckontheputertoseeifthereisanyroom_______（）.答案：1.uniform2.reforms3.plot4.output5.shelf6.meanwhile7.bleed8.chaos9.pack10.availableII.语境填词1.Thetearsrushed(violent)fromhereyesandshebrokeoutintoloudsobs.

2.Thefilmbearsfavorabletechnical(pare)withHollywoodproductionscosting10timesasmuch.

3.Theboyinblueshirt,agedabout11,looks(freeze)withfear.

4.Idon’twanttocountmychickensbeforethe